1、专 题 探 究考 点 突 破专题八 非谓语动词专 题 探 究考 点 突 破怎么考 在语篇语境中考查非谓语动词的基本用法，侧重考查作定语、状语、补足语的用法。怎么学 在平时阅读、写作练习中，认真体会其基本用法，尝试运用。怎么解 1.分析句子结构，确定设空处在句子中充当的成分(如状语、定语等)；2.搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。专 题 探 究考 点 突 破.体验考向 单句语法填空 1.(2016 全 国 卷 )It was a great honour _(invite)backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base，where tick
2、et moneyhelps pay for research.2.(2016全国卷)I was the first Western TV reporter_(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued fromstarvation in the wild.3.(2015全国卷)When a new day breaks，the walls have givenup their heat and are now cold enough _(cool)the houseduring the hot day;at the same
3、time，they warm up again for thenight.专 题 探 究考 点 突 破4.(2015全国卷)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)_(build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired byeven the most modern of architects and engineers.5.(2015全国卷)Abercrombie&Kent，a travel company inHong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaw
4、ays here forpeople_(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.6.(2015 全国卷)In addition to their simple beauty，whatmakes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to“aircondition”a house without _(use)electric equipment.专 题 探 究考 点 突 破7.(2015广东卷)Since the plants took a while to grow，he startedcutting down tr
5、ees _(sell)the wood.8.(2015江苏卷)Much time _(spend)sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.9.(2015湖南卷)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in anapologeticsmile，shestoodrootedtotheground，_(wonder)whether to stay or leave.10.(2015湖南卷)Sometimes I act as a listening e
6、ar for fellowstudents _(talk)over what is bothering them.专 题 探 究考 点 突 破答案 1.to be invited 考查固定句型，its a great honour to do sth做某事很荣幸，根据句意：很荣幸被邀请到非盈利的熊猫基地的后台去。故用动词不定式的被动式。2.permitted 因为句中已有谓语动词was，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因permit与reporter为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词。3.to cool 考查非谓语动词。enough to do sth表示“足以做某事”。专 题 探 究考 点 突 破
7、4.built 考查过去分词作定语。built by the Pueblo Indians ofthe American Southwest是过去分词短语作定语修饰The adobedwellings。build和被修饰词之间是被动关系，且此动作已发生，所以用过去分词。5.living 住在上海和香港的人们。由于people和动词live是主谓结构，故应该使用living作定语修饰名词people，相当于定语从句who live in Shanghai and Hong Kong。6.using 考查非谓语动词。without是介词，后面接动词ing形式。专 题 探 究考 点 突 破7.to
8、sell 考查非谓语动词。动词不定式在此处表示目的。8.spent 句意：大部分时间坐在办公桌旁，办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。time 与spend之间构成被动关系，另外该题实际考查了非谓语动词的独立主格结构。9.wondering 句意：当店员看到一张充满善意的脸上挂着满怀歉意的微笑时，她呆呆地站在原地，不知该走还是不走。wondering 是现在分词作伴随状语，修饰动词stood。10.to talk 句意：有时候我充当同学们的倾诉对象，让他们通过倾诉释放心头的烦心事。for sb to do sth是不定式的复合结构，在句中作定语，修饰a listening ear。专 题 探 究考
9、 点 突 破.考点集训 集训 单句语法填空 1.(2016 全 国 卷 )Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoods and metal _(create)special designs.2.(2016全国卷)People probably cooked their food in largepots，_(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.3.(2015浙江卷)Listening to music at home is one thing，goingto hear it _(perform)live is quite another.4
10、.(2015北京卷)The park was full of people，_(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.专 题 探 究考 点 突 破5.(2015北京卷)_(catch)the early flight，we ordered ataxi in advance and got up very early.6.(2015安徽卷)_(ignore)the difference between the tworesearch findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.7.(2014全国卷)One m
11、orning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about _(be)late for school.8.(2014全国卷)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to thedriver，but he refused _(stop)until we reached the nextstop.答案 1.to create 2.using 3.being performed 4.enjoying 5.To catch 6.Ignoring 7.being 8.to stop 专 题 探 究考 点 突 破集训 用所给动
12、词的适当形式完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵，在语境中体会非谓语动词的用法。Buying books on the Internet is a great way _1_(save)time and money.Online bookstores offer new books and _2_(use)books that can save you a lot of money.Whats more，theyare far better _3_(compare)to traditional bookstores as theyoffer much broader kinds of books.Yo
13、u can either click the kind ofe-books online or type the book title and get it in seconds.Anotheradvantage of _4_(shop)online is that you can 专 题 探 究考 点 突 破also read the book reviews as well as readers reviews to get anidea whether the book is worth _5_(buy).Online bookstoresoffer great discounts，wh
14、ich is a big attraction for book lovers.For book lovers，it is most important _6_(get)books intime.Therefore，you need to find a reliable online bookstore thatwill be able to provide fast deliveries.专 题 探 究考 点 突 破Here are some tips to use when _7_(select)an onlinebookstore.Some online bookstores are p
15、opular for fiction books;some are for non-fiction books or novels，etc._8_(understand)their specialization will help you to get the right kinds of books intime.Check whether you will be buying the books from a third-party seller or directly from the websites.Never _9_(jump)atstores that offer super c
16、heap prices，as books _10_(sell)atsuch low price could be in very bad condition.答案 1.to save 2.used pared 4.shopping 5.buying 6.to get 7.selecting 8.Understanding 9.jump 10.sold 专 题 探 究考 点 突 破知识胸有成竹 一、非谓语动词的3种形式 所谓的三种形式是指动词不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词。它们的具体类型及语态变化如下表：专 题 探 究考 点 突 破从上表可以看出，非谓语动词具有动词的性质，即有时态与语态的变
17、化，但不作谓语动词。要正确使用非谓语动词，在做题时就要记住两种关系。二、非谓语动词常考的4个句法功能 1.非谓语动词作主语(1)能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是：表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。专 题 探 究考 点 突 破(2)动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。it作形式主语代替动名词常出现在It is no use/good doing.，Itis useful doing.，It is a waste of time
18、doing.等句式里。2.非谓语动词作定语 表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。专 题 探 究考 点 突 破3.非谓语动词作状语(1)分词作状语 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主谓关系。现在分词的完成时即having done表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是动宾关系。专 题 探 究考
19、 点 突 破某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示 一 种 状 态。这 样 的 词 有：lost(迷 路 的)，seated(坐)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(感到厌烦)，faced with(面对)等。Faced with the difficult situation，he took courage and overcameit at last.面对这个困难的局面，他鼓足勇气最后战胜了它。专 题 探 究考 点 突 破(2)不定式作状语 不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。不定式作目的状语时，
20、常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to，so as to，to等，但so as to不能置于句首。He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.(表结果)他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。专 题 探 究考 点 突 破4.非谓语动词作宾补 作补足语的可以是不定式、现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词 用法 不定式 表示动作的全过程或经常性、反复性 现在分词 表示一个主动、正在进行的动作 过去分词 表示一个被动或完成的动作 专 题 探 究考 点 突 破The mother urged the little
21、boy to go to bed.I caught him reading my private letters.He went home happily with his homework finished.注意：大多数动词后用带to的不定式作补足语，但表示“看、听、感觉”意义的动词及使役动词have，make，let后用不带to的不定式作补足语。专 题 探 究考 点 突 破集训 奔向高考 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。We are probably guilty at some points in our lives about notcaring
22、 for the environment as much as we should.Perhaps we droplitter without thinking，or cause pollution by using our cars whenits not necessary.However，the real environmental _1_(criminal)are those big businesses_2_ignore the law.For manyyears，politicians_3_(attempt)to protect the environment by 专 题 探 究
23、考 点 突 破making the businesses responsible_4_making sure that thechemicalstheyusedontaddtothedestructionoftheenvironment._5_problem for the businesses is that the protectionof the environment costs money，and the businesses will alwaystry to_6_(low)their costs if they can.Some of them dothis_7_(simple)
24、by putting chemicals into rivers when they havefinished with them，leading to the_8_(create)of majorproblems.Although government inspectors may try to catchthem_9_(do)it，it can be very difficult _10_(get)proof that aparticular business is responsible for an environmental problem.专 题 探 究考 点 突 破【语篇解读】本
25、篇短文说明了企业和政府在环境保护方面的相关责任，解释了环境污染出现的主要原因和目前监督治理方面存在的一些问题。1.criminals 考查名词的数。谓语是复数时，主语也应该是复数名词。此处表示然而，真正的环境犯罪分子是无视法律的大企业。2.which/that 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词为businesses，定语从句中缺少主语，因此关系代词应为which/that。专 题 探 究考 点 突 破3.have been attempting 考查动词时态。从时间状语“For manyyears”以及语境可以看出这里应该用现在完成进行时。此处表示多年来，政府官员一直在努力通过方式保护环境。4.f
26、or 考查固定短语中的介词。be responsible for“对应负责任”。此处表示企业负责保证他们使用的化学物质不会加剧环境破坏。5.The 考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处特指(造成污染的)企业的问题。此处表示这些企业的问题是保护环境需要花钱。故用定冠词。6.lower 考查形容词转换为动词。try to do something是固定用法，因此这里应用low的动词形式lower“降低”。专 题 探 究考 点 突 破7.simply 考查词形转换。该词修饰后面的介词短语，所以应该用它的副词形式simply。8.creation 考查词形转换。定冠词修饰的中心词一般是名词，create的名词形式是creation。此处表示导致了重大(污染)问题的产生。9.doing 考查非谓语动词。catch sb doing something“发现或发觉某人正在做某事”，因此这里应该用现在分词doing。10.to get 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是“itbeadj.to do.”结构，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。