1、名词性从句考点一主语从句一、that引导的主语从句1that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义，但一般不可省略。That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.众所周知，地球围着太阳转。2that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省略。常见句式主要有以下几种：(1)Itbe形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)that从句(2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)that从句(3)Itbe过去分词(said/told/repo
2、rted等)that从句(4)It不及物动词(seem, appear, happen, matter等)that从句It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.他突然想到，第二天上午他有重要的会议要参加。注意：在“Itbesuggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required.that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should)动词原形”。 二、whether/if引导的主语从句主语从句位于主句谓语动作前，表示“是否”，只
3、能用whether。若用it作形式主语，则whether与if可互换。例：Its uncertain whether/if hell come this evening.他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.通常来说，一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了，但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。三、wh类连接词引导的主语
4、从句wh类连接词包括连接代词(who, whom, whose, what, whoever, whomever, whatever等)和连接副词(when, where, why, whenever, wherever等)。连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，连接副词在从句中作状语。其语序为wh类连接词加陈述句。例：Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会有所帮助。Where Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was bor
5、n is known to the public, but some wont accept it.中国伟大的诗人李白出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人还不认可。What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.芭芭拉琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。考点二宾语从句宾语从句位于及物动词、动词短语或介词之后。引导词有三类：从属连词只起连接作用，不作句子成分，that无词义，whether, if意为“是否”；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中只作状语。一、that引导的宾语从句that引导宾语从句时
6、无词义，在从句中不作成分，口语中一般可以省略，但下列情况下不能省略：1当that在从句中作介词的宾语时。I dont know exactly where he lives, except that its somewhere out in the wilds.他住在哪里我不很清楚，只知道是在远离城市的荒野之中。2动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。例：He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon.他告诉我他得离开并且很快就会回来。3it作形式宾
7、语的宾语从句。(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/makeit宾补(形容词或名词)that从句(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoyitthat从句(3)短语动词see to/depend on/rely onitthat从句(4)固定搭配take it for granted/owe it to sb. that从句例：No matter where he is, he makes it a rule that he shall go for a walk before breakfast.无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩早餐前散
8、步。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。二、whether与if引导的宾语从句whether与if引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。例：She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if：1宾语从句中有or no
9、t时，只能用whether。例：I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether the report is true or not.我不知道这个报道是否是真的。2whether引导的从句可放在介词之后，作介词的宾语，而if则不能。例：It depends on whether we have enough time.这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。三、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体词义，且不可省略。例：The gold medal will be award
10、ed to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他/她。Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。注意：宾语从句的时态：一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从
11、句的内容为真理或客观事实时，从句须用一般现在时。 考点三表语从句在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。表语从句位于系动词之后。一、从属连词that/whether引导表语从句在表语从句中，从属连词只起连接作用，其中that无词义，一般不能省略；whether 意为“是否”。if不能引导表语从句。例：The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended.对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。The problem is whether the air pollution can be con
12、trolled.问题是空气污染能否被控制住。二、连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句1连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever等；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。2连接副词有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等。连接副词在从句中作状语。例：This is what my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the
13、 best.这是我父亲教我的总是面对困难，且抱最大的希望。The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.在这个足球明星看来，最美好的时刻是他射进制胜球的时候。三、其他连接词引导的表语从句1as if/as though引导的表语从句as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(be，seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况
14、，从句用陈述语气。例：The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一张厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。2because，why引导的表语从句(1)This/That/It is why表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是的原因”(2)This/That/It is because表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为”(3)The reason why.is that表语从句 “的原因是”例：From space, the e
15、arth looks blue. This is because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。He didnt work hard. Thats why he was fired.他没有努力工作。那就是他被解雇的原因。考点四同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词(advice, conclusion, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, promise, question, suggestion, though
16、t, truth, wish, word等)的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的连接词主要有that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。在同位语从句中，that和whether不作成分，that无词义，whether表示“是否”；if不能引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。例：The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个
17、助手。有太多的工作要做。注意：that引导定语从句和同位语从句的区别：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。 例：1The question occurred to me where we should go to get the car repaired. We were in the middle of the forest at that time. 2The fact has worried many scien
18、tists that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. 3The possibility if there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.ifthat答题技巧点拨：两步突破名词性从句第一步：识别名词性从句的种类1首先确定主句的谓语动词，确定主句的主谓结构。2分析从句在主句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。第二步：分析
19、从句结构，确定从句引导词确定从句的结构和意义是否完整，结合句意填写适当的连接词。1若从句结构完整，用从属连词：陈述事实用that；表示疑问“是否”用if或whether。2若从句缺少主语、宾语或表语，则考虑用连接代词。3若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(如if, whether, because, as if等)的用法及that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 I.单句语法填空1. His favorite food is fried snacks and soft drinks. It is no surprise_losing weight is just hi
20、s dream.2. The historical reason for beginning the new year in such a time is_it is the time between autumn harvest and spring plowing and planting. In other words，it is the time for rest， relaxation and celebration after a years hard work.3. Recently，a new research has suggested the possibility in
21、a popular magazine_pleasant smells might reduce pain.4. You should first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to make a list of _you think your real interest lies.5. Through the process of comparison，it might be easier for us to under-stand _important belief really is.6. With an optim
22、istic attitude and a strong will， we can overcome_difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals.7. Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is _we often do not know when they are coming. People can not prepare for it.8. The difficulty lies in _they will come to our help immediately.9. They
23、 would appreciate it，to be frank,_the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.10. _ is expected to happen that small automated buses could make a difference when present human-operated transport has proved inefficient.11. It turns out that looking attractive in photos isnt easy due to_the resea
24、rchers are calling the“frozen face effect”.12. It is obvious _the local government can do to protect the environment for future generations.13. This should serve as a warning _people should be aware of their surroundings， especially when crossing roads.14.Word has come _Basis body will be put in Bas
25、i Museum，which is under construction at present for people to remember her forever and share the spirit of the harmonious development between humans and nature.15. The fa her and his son got lost in the mountain and they had to eat_food they could find there.单句改错1. When I went to the kitchen to get
26、my breakfast，I was astonished at which I saw.2. I was in such a hurry that I paid no attention to if the milk was hot or not.3. From this experience，I am fully aware that we should take real action if our personality that needs improving.4. But they couldnt understand what she said. I went to the wo
27、man and asked her that was happening.5. Today，English is which my strength lies. And Im grateful to my English teacher.6. The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is because he has a very warm personality.7. One of the biggest cultural differences I noticed while in London was why the p
28、eople of London conducted themselves.8. It is cheerful what the local authorities have promised them to shorten the time of obtaining it.9. Im writing to tell you how is going on in our school一a basketball match to beheld next month.10. We should make full use of time to do that should be done.11. T
29、he problem is whether one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement. 语篇填空It was reported_1_there was an accident at the corner of Roman Street this morning. Noone saw_2_on earth happened then. A car ran into a truck but fortunately，nobody got injured._3_is responsible for the a
30、ccident is still under investigation. The police are uncertain about_4_the driver is guilty. _5_the police should do now is _6_they must find out what led to the accident. They said it was difficult for them to judge because_7_the accident happened was not clear. Perhaps the reason was8the driver wa
31、s too tired to stop the car in time. The driver didnt admit the fact_9_he was driving too fast at the turning. The police doubted_10_what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.I.单句语法填空1.that句意为：他最喜欢的食物是油炸类小吃和软饮料。减肥只是他的梦想一点都不令人吃惊。It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。从句中结构及句意完整，故用that。2.th
32、at句意：在这个时候开始新的一年的历史原因是这个时间在秋收和春季耕地、播种之间。换言之，它是一年的艰苦劳作之后休息、放松、庆贺的时间。从句不缺成分，不缺含义。The reason is that.为固定句式， 故填that。3.that句意：最近， 在一本流行杂志中， 有一项新的研究表明好闻的气味有可能减少疼痛。设空处引导同位语从句，对possibility进行解释说明，且从句中不缺成分，意义完整， 故填that4.where句意：你应当首先开发你的天赋，了解你自己，以便列出一个你认为你真正的兴趣所在的单子。设空处引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，且在从句中作地点状语。5.how句意：通过比较的
33、过程，我们可能更容易理解信念是多么重要。设空处引导的从句作understand的宾语，且修饰形容词important，应用how引导该从句。6.whatever句意：拥有乐观的态度和强烈的愿望，我们能够克服可能遇到的任何困难，取得成功。通过分析句子可知， overcome后为宾语从句， 动词短语meet with后缺少宾语， 再结合句意可知用whatever修饰名词difficulties，连接宾语从句。7.that句意：地震让人们很担忧。原因是我们通常不知道它们什么时候发生。人们没法做准备。设空处引导表语从句，从句的结构和意义完整，所以用that。8.whether句意：困难在于他们是否会马
34、上来帮助我们。分析句子结构可知，they will come to our help immediately是介词in的宾语从句，根据句意可知，设空处表示“是否”，故用whether连接。9. if句意：坦白地说，如果货物能够尽快被运送，他们将会非常感激。would appreciate it if.表示“如果.将不胜感激”，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是评从句。10.It句意：人们预测，当现有的人力交通运输系统被证明效率低下时，小型自动巴士可能会产生影响。根据句意以及句子结构可知，设空处为形式主语，真正的主语是that从句， 故用It作形式主语。II.单句改错1. whichwhat在名词性从
35、句中which和what都为连接代词，但which表示“哪一个”，而what表示“.的事情”。故which改为what。2. ifwhether if和whether都可引导名词性从句意为“是否”，但日受到很多限制，例如不能位于句首，介词后的宾语从句不能用让引导，不能跟or not连用等。故if改为whether。3.删除needs前的that考查句子结构，if从句的主语是our personality，谓语是needs，故that多余。4.thatwhat考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，表示事物， 故将that改为what。5.whichwhere分析
36、句子结构可知，句中is后接表语从句， 引导词在从句中作地点状语， 故用where， 表示“英语就是我的强项所在(之处)”。6.becausethat考查名词性从句。主语为名词re a-son，表语从句中的连接词要用that。7.whyhow句意：在伦敦，我注意到的最大的文化差异之一是伦敦人是如何为人的。根据语境可知，此处用how引导表语从句， 表示方式。8.what that It为形式主语，cheerful后面的句子为主语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分也无任何意义。故what改为that。9.howwhat tell you后为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，应用连接代词引导。故how改为what
37、。10.thatwhat 注意： do后为宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语。故that改为what。11.whetherthat句意为：问题是少睡一小时不等同于额外的一小时的成就。分析句子结构可知，is后为表语从句，从句的结构和句意完整，没有whether“是否”的含义，that在此只起结构连接作用。.语篇语法填空【语篇解读】本文介绍了一起交通事故。1.that句意：据报道，今天早上在罗马大街的拐角处发生了一起交通事故。“It十be十过去分词十that.!”为固定句式， 其中It为形式主语， that从句是真正的主语。2.what句意：没人看到当时究竟发生了什么。what引导的宾语从句作saw的
38、宾语， 从句中缺少主语且表示事物， 故用what引导。3.Who句意：谁应对这一事故负责仍然在调查中。“_3_is responsible for the accident”为主语从句， 该从句中缺少主语且设空处表示“人”， 故用who引导。4.whether句意：警察不能确定司机是否有罪。根据题干中的uncertain可知设空处表示“是否”， 介词后不能由if来引导宾语从句， 所以此处应用whether。5.What句意：现在警察应做的就是他们必须弄清楚事故的起因。what引导主语从句， 在从句中作do的宾语。6.that“_6_they must find out what led to
39、the accident”为表语从句，该从句中结构完整，不缺少任何成分，所以用that引导。7.how 句意：他们说他们很难判断，因为事故是如何发生的还不清楚。根据句意可知设空处应为表示方式的副词how。8.that句意：也许原因是司机太疲劳了而没能及时刹住车。The reason is/was that.为固定句式， 意思是“原因是”。9.that句意：司机不承认他在拐弯处开得太快这个事实。that引导同位语从句，解释fact的具体内容。10.if/whether 句意：警察不能肯定他所说的话是否是真的，决定作进一步的调查。doubt用在肯定句中时后面的宾语从句常用if/whether引导。