1、Section Grammar 构词法语法图解探究发现chairman 主席 newspaper 报纸hometown 家乡airport 机场sunrise 日出dislike 不喜欢incorrect 不正确的unlucky 不走运的retell 复述telephone 电话reader 读者inventor 发明家Chinese 中国人Indian 印度人artist 艺术家kindness 和蔼operation 手术water 水/浇水dry 干的/弄干book 书籍/预订nurse 护士/护理better 更好/改善我的发现(1)组中的单词是将两个单词合并在一起，形成一个新的单词。
2、这种构词法被称之为。(2)组中的单词都是在各自的词根前加了不同的，如dis-，in-，un-，re-，tele-等。(3)组中的单词是在各自的词根后加了不同的，如-er,-or,-ese,-ian 等。(4)组中单词的构词法被称之为。(5)组中的单词所展示的构词法被称之为。合成法前缀后缀派生法转化法英语中词的构成方法主要有三种：合成、派生和转化。一、合成由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连字符“-”连接，有的直接写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。1合成名词构成方式举例构成方式举例名词名词weekend周末动词名词postcard明信片名词动词daybreak破晓动词ing名词waitingr
3、oom候车室名词动词inghandwriting书法形容词名词fastfood快餐2.合成形容词构成方式举例构成方式举例名词动词ingEnglish speaking讲英语的形容词名词parttime兼职的名词动词edstateowned国有的形容词动词inggoodlooking相貌好的副词动词Widespread分布广的形容词名词ed warmhearted热心的3.合成副词构成方式举例构成方式举例形容词名词sometimes有时副词名词indoors在室内介词名词Alongside在一边副词介词nearby附近4.合成代词构成方式举 例代词宾格selfherself她自己 himself
4、他自己物主代词selfmyself我自己 yourself你自己形容词名词anything任何东西somebody某个人5.合成动词构成方式举 例名词动词sunbathe晒太阳 typewrite打字形容词动词whitewash粉刷 safeguard保卫副词动词overthrow推翻 upset使生气点津(1)由“可数名词介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复 数 时，把 前 面 的 名 词 变 复 数。例 如：father-in-lawfathers-in-law(2)由 man 和 woman 构成的合成名词变复数时，两个名词都要变成复数。例如：woman doctorwomen doctor
5、s(3)由“名词名词”构成的复合名词，在变复数时，只变化中心名词，而修饰名词不变。例如：girlfriendgirlfriends即时演练 1 写出下列单词的汉语意思greenhouse daydream absent-minded heartfelt hotfoot overcome 温室白日梦心不在焉的由衷的匆忙地克服二、派生派生法是由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。1前缀前缀一般只改变单词的意思，不改变词性。分类举 例常见否定前缀ilillegal非法的ununhappy不高兴的imimpatient不耐烦的disdisappear消失inincorrect不正确的nonnonsto
6、p不停irirregular不规则的分类举 例表示其他意义的常见前缀anti(反对；抵抗)antiwar反战的sub(下面的)subway地铁inter(互相)Internet互联网re(再；又)rewrite重写en(使)enrich使富足pre(前；预先)preview预习post(后的)postwar战后mid(中；半)midnight午夜vice(副)vicemanager副经理micro(微)microscope显微镜for/fore(先；预)forecast预报co(共同)cooperation合作mini(小型)miniskirt迷你裙bi(双的)bimonthly双月的2.后缀
7、后缀常会改变单词的词性，构成意思相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。分 类列 举举 例常见名词后缀er/or(从事的人)，-ese(某地人)，ess(雌性)，-ian(的人)，ist(专业人员)，ism(主义)，ment(性质；状态)，ness(性质)，tion/-ation(动作；过程)，dom(状态；区域)teacher 教师Japanese 日本人musician 音乐家artist 艺术家movement 运动darkness 黑暗invention 发明常见动词后缀en(多用于形容词之后)，fy(使化)，ize(使成为)widen 加宽beautify 美
8、化realize 意识到分 类列 举举 例常见形容词后缀al,able,an,ble，ern,ful,ive,less,like,-ly,y，ous,somenational 民族的reasonable 合理的American 美国的careful 细心的active 有活力的常见副词后缀ly(用于形容词后表示方式或程度)，ward(s)(表示方向)quickly 迅速地angrily 生气地northward 朝北upward(s)向上常见数词后缀teen,th,tythirteen 十三fourth第四即时演练 2给下列单词加上适当的词缀possible 不可能的 act 相互作用tell
9、 复述host女主人deep加深organiz组织achieve功绩；成就natur自然的west西方的happ幸福地imreenmenterninteressationalily三、转化转化是一个单词由一个词性转化为另一种或几种词性。转化举 例名词动词hand手/递，watch手表/观看，smoke烟/吸烟，fish鱼/钓鱼名词形容词light光线/轻的，wrong错误/错的，right右边/对的动词形容词clean打扫/干净的，close关上/近的，free使自由/自由的副词形容词enough足够地/足够的，last最后/最后的，hard努力/困难的读音不同，词性不同 这些词作动词时重音在
10、后，作名词时重音在前：contest竞赛，export出口，increase增加，permit允许，progress进步，rebel反抗，record记录即时演练 3写出下列句中加黑单词的词性和词义He is a man with a powerful build.Today,fresh fruit from these trees is shipped from one country to another.The train slowed down.Theyre running in the final.You should be dressed in black.名词，体格动词，运输动词
11、，减缓名词，决赛动词，穿衣链接高考用所给词的适当形式填空1(2019浙江高考)School uniforms are (tradition)in Britain,but some schools are starting to get rid of them.2(2019浙江高考)Other American studies showed no _(connect)between uniforms and school performance.3(2019全国卷)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears a
12、s much of the range has been (poor)studied.4(2019全国卷)We are so proud of her.Its _(wonder)traditionalconnection(s)poorlywonderful5(全国卷)To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.6(全国卷)Running is cheap,easy and
13、its always _(energy)7(全国卷)This switch has decreased (pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.8(全国卷)According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe)fertilizer consumption.strengthenenergeticpollutionglobal9(全国卷)A tast
14、e for meat is (actual)behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.10(全国卷)My name is Mireya Mayor.Im a _(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.11(浙江高考)The obvious one is money;eating out once or twice a week may be (afford)but doing this mos
15、t days adds up.12(全国卷)This development was only possible with the _(introduce)of electric-powered engines and lifts.actuallyscientistaffordableintroduction演练提能.选词填空passer-by，whatever，whichever，easy-going，worn-out，worthwhile，underline，output，three-hour，finally 1.he wants to do,his parents will always
16、 give him some advice on it.2A standing there is looking in every direction,puzzled.Whateverpasser-by3As this is his favorite thing,it is spending much time on it.4The average of the factory is 20 cars a day.5The boss said that he needed a great,and creative employee.6 All the mistakes in the compos
17、ition had been _ in red ink.7 method should be chosen,the doctor was determined to finish the difficult operation.worthwhile output easy-goingunderlined Whichever 8Mike is wearing a pair of old shoes,which will not give his feet a good protection on such mountain roads.9Do you think shopping online
18、will take the place of shopping in stores?10It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park.It was a journey.worn-outfinally three-hour.完成句子1They often in the streets.(passer-by)他们经常在马路上向路人表演节目。2They like to celebrate every event which is meaningful to them.(get-together)他们喜欢举行一个小型的聚会来庆祝每一
19、个对他们有意义的事件。3 In order to earn more money,she began _.(part-time)为了挣更多的钱，她开始找了份兼职。give performances to the passers-byhaving a little get-togetherto get a part-time job4,he has made many great films.(film-maker)作为世界闻名的电影制片人，他制作了很多了不起的电影。5If you keep on working hard,you _one day.(well-known)如果你继续努力工作，总
20、有一天你会成为名人的。As a world-famous film-makerwill be a well-known person6The fire broke out without knowing the cause,and _.(firefighter)大火不知起因地爆发了，消防队员费了很大的劲儿才把它扑灭了。7He has many so-called friends,but none of them _.(friendship)他有很多所谓的朋友，但是他们中没有一个给予他一份真正的友情。the firefighters tried hard to put it outoffers
21、him a true friendship.短文改错Books bring us knowledges which makes our lives meaningful.As a book lover,I loved the feel of books and its smell.Believe it or not,my dream is to open a bookshop for my own.In my bookshop,there will have all kinds of books waited to be picked out.Readers can sit down and
22、read their favorite books.Even if they dont buy the books,they can enjoy the wonderfully moment in my shop.So far,Ive made list of names for my dream bookshop.When I have enough money or find a perfect place,I will start my bookshop.Im sure the dream will come out true.答案：第一句：knowledgesknowledge第二句：lovedlove;itstheir第三句：forof第四句：havebe;waitedwaiting第六句：wonderfullywonderful第七句：made后加a第八句：orand第九句：去掉out谢谢 观 看