1、第4课时 顺藤摸瓜明辨词义猜测类题目怎么考1.词义猜测题主要是测试考生利用上下文判断单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力，以及it，they，them等判断其指代内容。2.词义猜测类题目中常含有refer to，mean，be replaced by，is closest in meaning to，stand for，be defined as等。怎么学 在平时阅读训练中除积累阅读的常用技巧外，还要有意学会猜测生僻词汇的能力，以及一些熟词生义的用法等。怎么解做此类题目，要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，“上下取证”，通过构词法、语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确定词义，“顺着”作者的思想、态
2、度去理解，然后“上下求证”是否合乎逻辑或作者的思想等。1.根据接近或递进关系：由and或or等可确定生词的义域，推知它的大致意义。2.根据选择或相对关系：对比or(要么，或者)前面和后面的句子或词语，来猜测生词的含义。3.根据同位或解释关系：通过生词后的定语(定语从句或分词短语等)、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思。4.根据转折或对比关系：由上下句之间的转折或对比关系来推测词义。5.根据因果关系：根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思。既可由因推果，也可由果推因。常见的词有：since，as，therefore，due to，thus等。6.根据列举的实例：
3、根据such as，for example等后列举的实例也可推测出前面某个词语的意思。7.利用构词法猜测词义：很多词都可以通过分析其“转化”“合成”或“派生”来确定该词在具体语境中的意义。【典例剖析1】(2016全国卷，C节选)2Members go on the site and register the books they ownand would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identificationnumber to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in apublic
4、 place,hoping that the book will have an adventure,travelingfar and wide with each new reader who finds it.30.What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.The book.B.An adventure.C.A public place.D.The identification number.答案 A 代词指代题。根据本句的内容可知，那些把书留在在公共场所的人希望自己的书能够随着阅读它的人走得更远。本句的it指代前
5、面的the book。【典例剖析2】(2016全国卷，B节选)4Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside.I ran therisk of losing those students who had a different style ofthinking.Without fail one would declare,“But Im just notcreative.”27.What does the underlined word“downside”in Paragraph 4probably mean?A.Mistake.B.Draw
6、back.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.答案 B 词义猜测题。画线句为段落主题句。结合后面的句子I ran the risk of losing those students who had a differentstyle of thinking.我冒着有可能失去那些思维方式不同的学生的危险，可判断出激励的教育方式也有缺点。drawback缺点，符合语境。【典例剖析3】(2015安徽卷，D节选)3In fact，when it comes to the art of war，ants have noequal.They are completely fearless and w
7、ill readily take_on acreature much larger than themselves，attacking in large groupsand overcoming their target.Such is their devotion to the commongood of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker antswill sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.70.What does the underlined expressi
8、on“take on”in Paragraph3 mean?A.Accept.B.Employ.C.Play with.D.Fight against.答案 D 词义猜测题。根据下文的 attack和defeat可知选D。【典例剖析4】(2015福建卷，D节选)1Life can be so wonderful，full of adventure and joy.It canalsobefullofchallenges，setbacks(挫 折)andheartbreaks.Whatever our circumstances，we generally still havedreams，hop
9、es and desiresthat little something more we wantfor ourselves and our loved ones.Yet knowing we can have morecan also create a problem，because when we go to change the waywe do things，up come the old patterns and pitfalls(陷阱)thatstopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.2This tension
10、 between what we feel we can have and whatwere seemingly able to have is the niggling(烦人的)suffering，the anxiety we feel.This is where we usually think its easier to justgive up.But were never meant to let go of the part of us that knowswe can have more.The intelligence behind that knowing is usthere
11、al us.Its the part that believes in life and its possibilities.If youdrop that，you begin to feel a little“dead”inside because youredropping“you”.6Decide and act before overthinking.When you do this youmay feel a little，or large，release from the jail of your mind andyoull be on your way.70.Which of the following best explains the underlined part in thelast paragraph?A.Escape from your punishment.B.Realization of your dreams.C.Freedom from your tension.D.Reduction of your expectations.答案 C 句意猜测题。release from your jail of your mind从你思想的监狱里走出来，意思就是“解放自己的思想，摆脱紧张感”，对应C项。