1、广东省深圳外国语学校2020-2021学年高三第一学期第四次调研考试英语试题注意事项:1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考试号座位号填写在答题卡上。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所
2、给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:How much is the shirt?A.19.15 B.9.18 C.9.15答案是C。1. What does the woman think of Marks sister?A. Unfriendly. B. Quiet. C. Nice.2. What does the woman regret?A. Not to give her mother a good life.B. Not to stay with her mother w
3、hen she died.C. Not to take good care of her mother when she was ill.3. What does the woman fail to do?A. Do her work. B. Take funny activities. C. Take care of her family.4. Why did the man make the fence?A. To protect his grassland. B. To decorate his house.C. To protect his house.5. What are the
4、speakers mainly talking about?A. The mans library. B. The womans CD collection. C. The womans music store.第二节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What exercise doe
5、s the woman recommend?A. Jogging. B. Swimming. C. Playing tennis.7. What burns the least fat according to the womans coach?A. Running. B. Walking. C. Swimming.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. What is the relationship between the speakers?A. Police and witness. B. Boss and employee. C. Police and suspect.9. What do
6、 we know about the woman?A. She told a lie. B. She is a sports fan. C. She was watching TV.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. What does the woman want to do in the bank?A. Cash a check. B. Open an account. C. Get some cash from her account.11. What is the man going to do?A. Pick up some clothes. B. Pay a traffic
7、ticket. C. Pay his phone bill.12. What did the woman get a traffic ticket for?A. Over speeding. B. Parking in a wrong place. C. Passing the crossing at a wrong time.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. How many children are injured every year in Britain?A. About 10,000. B. Less than 100,000. C. More than 1,000,000.
8、14. How can parents prevent children from falling down the stairs?A. By using mats.B. By fitting safety gates.C. By accompanying the children all the time.15. What is the most dangerous room according to the woman?A. The kitchen. B. The bathroom. C. The living room.16. What probably is the man?A. A
9、writer. B. A TV host. C. A radio host.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. Where will Carole Berg give a talk?A. In the Oak Room. B. In the Green Room. C. In the Union Theatre.18. What can people do in the Campus Corner Cabaret?A. Attend a dance party. B. Watch a great film. C. Enjoy a live show.19. How much does
10、a film ticket cost?A. $3.00. B. $5.00. C. $7.00.20. What should people do to hear the recording again?A. Press one. B. Press the pound key. C. Dial again.第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AIn business，theres a speed difference:Its the difference between h
11、ow important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive strategy and how fast the company actually moves.The difference is important regardless of industry and company size.Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.
12、In our study of 343 businesses，the companies that chose to go，go，go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track.Whats more，the firms that “slowed down to speed up” improved their top and bottom
13、 lines，averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a threeyear period.How did they disobey the laws of business physics，taking more time than competitors yet performing better？They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean.Firms sometimes fail to understand the d
14、ifference between operational speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value).Simply increasing the speed of production，for example，may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference.But that often leads to reduced value over time，in the form of lowerqualit
15、y products and services.In our study，higherperforming companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary.They became more open to ideas and discussion.They encouraged new ways of thinking.And they allowed time to look back and learn.By contrast，performance suffered at firms that moved
16、 fast all the time，paid too much attention to improving efficiency，stuck to tested methods，didnt develop team spirit among their employees，and had little time thinking about changes.Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership.Teams that regularly take time to get things right，rather than plough a
17、head full bore，are more successful in meeting their business goals.That kind of strategy must come from the top.1. What does the underlined part “gain an edge” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Increase the speed.B. Get an advantage.C. Reach the limit.D. Set a goal.2. The underlined part “the laws of business
18、physics” in Paragraph 3 means _.A. spending more time and performing worseB. spending more time and performing betterC. spending less time and performing worseD. spending less time and performing better3. What can we learn from the text?A. How fast a firm moves depends on how big it is.B. How compet
19、itive a firm is depends on what it produces.C. Firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes.D. Firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。在商业竞争中，并不是一味地加速前进就可以获胜，而拥有战略性速度公司才会取得高绩效，稳步向前。【1题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中“In our stu
20、dy of 343 businesses，the companies that chose to go，go，go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track.（在我们调查的343家企业里，那些选择不停地前进以此来 gain an edge的公司，最终的结果是销售额和营业收入都低于那些在关键时刻暂停以确保他们在正确的轨道上的公司。）”可知，
21、那些一直加速前进的公司，就是希望在速度上超过其他公司，以此获得优势，但是往往适得其反。所以此处的gain an edge是“获得优势”的意思。故选B。【2题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段中“How did they disobey the laws of business physics，taking more time than competitors yet performing better？（他们是如何违背商业物理定律，比竞争对手花更多时间却也能表现地更好呢？）”可知，商业物理定律应该是与take more time正好相反，所以可以推断出商业物理定律就是花费更少的时间且可以表现地更好。
22、故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In our study，higherperforming companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary.（在我们的研究中，具有战略速度的高绩效公司总是在必要时做出改变。）可知， 那些在战略速度引领下的公司，会花时间在必要时做出改变。故选C。BChristmas was near a season that we took seriously in our house. But a week or so before the 25th, my father wo
23、uld give each of his children $ 20. This was the 1970s, and $ 20 was quite a bit of money.But I saw it differently. My father trusted me to have the smart to spend money wisely. Even better, he gave me the means to get it. On a very basic level, my father was giving me a shopping spree (狂欢) every ye
24、ar. But he was also giving me charge over my own fun, trusting my ability to manage money and making me feel like a grown-up. He didnt buy me Sherlock Holmes, but he gave me the means to walk into the bookstore and choose it for myself, so it felt like a gift from him.My mother had a gift for giving
25、 me what I needed, usually right at the moment I needed it most. This was when I was 25, I failed at being an adult on my very first try. I had quitted my previous job but had no new one. But when my mother paid me a visit, I put on a good show, telling her I had started my own company.My mother kne
26、w that I was trying hard and failing at that time. It wasnt until after she left that I noticed at the foot of my bed an envelope thick with cash. She knew how desperately I needed it. She knew that had she just shown up with groceries, or offered to pay my rent, she would have made me feel much wor
27、se. The cold, hard cash meant she was helping me. And, funnily enough, the distance with which she gave the gift felt like she was giving me space to fix my life and preserve my dignity. My mother and father both did the same thing. One was giving me the means to take my own decisions, and the other
28、 was giving me a second chance when those decisions had cost me dearly.4. What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs?A. His family once celebrated Christmas happily.B. His father gave the author chances to make decisions.C. His best memories about Christmas were in the 1970s.D.
29、 He used to choose books as his fathers gift on Christmas.5. When he was 25 years old, the author .A. planned to open his companyB. became interested in showsC. gave his mother a giftD. was out of work6. Which word can best describe the authors mother?A. Sensitive.B. Optimistic.C. Considerate.D. Det
30、ermined.7. In which way does the author believe his parents did the same thing?A. Support his decisions wholeheartedly.B. Offer to pay for his bills.C. Trust his ability to spend money.D. Fix his life by paying the groceries.【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的爸爸和妈妈以各自的方式关爱着他的生活，但就满足他的生活必需品这点上，
31、两人的方式是一样的。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“But a week or so before the 25th, my father would give each of his children $ 20.（但是在25号前一周左右，爸爸会给他的每个孩子20美元）”以及第二段中“He didnt buy me Sherlock Holmes, but he gave me the means to walk into the bookstore and choose it for myself, so it felt like a gift from him.（他不会给我买福尔摩斯
32、这本书，但是他会告诉我去书店的路线，然后让我自己去选择，所以这就感觉像他给我的一份礼物）”可知，作者的爸爸会在圣诞节前给他钱，但是并不会给他把东西买回来，而是让他自己去买，去选择，也就是给他自己做决定的机会。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“This was when I was 25, I failed at being an adult on my very first try. I had quitted my previous job but had no new one.（在我25岁的时候，在我第一次成长为一个成年人的阶段我失败了。我放弃了之前的工作同时也没有找到新的工作
33、）”可知，作者在25岁的时候，失去了工作，处于失业状态。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“It wasnt until after she left that I noticed at the foot of my bed an envelope thick with cash. She knew how desperately I needed it. She knew that had she just shown up with groceries, or offered to pay my rent, she would have made me feel much wor
34、se.（直到她离开，我才注意到放在我床脚处的一张装满现金的信封。她知道我是多么急需这笔钱。她也知道如果只是给我买好东西或者是帮我把房租付了，我会感到更难过的）”可知，作者的妈妈早已知道作者的困境，但是并没有戳穿他，而是小心翼翼地维护着他的自尊，把装满现金的信封放在他的床脚处，由此可见，作者的妈妈是考虑周到的，体贴的。A项：敏感的；B项：乐观的；C项：体贴的；D项：坚决的。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“One was giving me the means to take my own decisions, and the other was giving me a second
35、 chance when those decisions had cost me dearly.（一个是给我方法和途径去自己做决定，另一个是当这些决定让我损失惨重，会给我第二次机会）”可知，作者爸爸是给钱让他自己买礼物，作者的妈妈是直接给现金给他，让他去支付生活开支，但俩人都是通过为他需要的生活必需品付费来填充他的生活。故选D。CKodaks decision to file for bankruptcy (破产) protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporati
36、on that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribute Kodaks downfall to “complacency (自满),” that explanation doesnt acknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Deca
37、des ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasnt that Kodak was blind to the future, said Reb
38、ecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to d
39、o so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate (企业的) culture was too rooted in the successe
40、s of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodaks downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of th
41、e market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodaks decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles
42、 Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.8. What do we learn about Kodak?A. It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B. It is approaching its downfall.C. It initiated the digital revolution in the film
43、industry.D. It is playing a dominant role in the film market.9. Why does the author mention Kodaks invention of the first digital camera?A. To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B. To show its effort to overcome complacency.C. To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D. To show
44、its will to compete with Japans Fuji photo.10. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A. They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B. They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C. They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D. They are deeply stuck in t
45、heir glorious past.11. What does the author say Kodaks history has become?A. A burden.B. A mirror.C. A joke.D. A challenge.12. What was Kodaks fatal mistake?A. Its blind faith in traditional photography.B. Its failure to see Fuji photos emergence.C. Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D. Its ov
46、erconfidence in its corporate culture.【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. A 12. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们介绍了柯达公司的破产，曾经生产过第一个数码相机的柯达公司为什么辉煌不再了呢，究其原因还是太保守了，由此告诉我们谁不与时俱进，就会被历史前进的脚步无情的淘汰。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的Kodaks decision to file for bankruptcy (破产) protection is a sad(柯达申请破产保护的决定令人伤心的)及第二段中的Although many attribu
47、te Kodaks downfall to “complacency (自满),” that explanation doesnt acknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself.(尽管许多人将柯达的衰落归咎于“自满”，但这种解释并没有承认公司为重塑自身所做的努力)可知，柯达正公司在走向没落。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的Although many attribute Kodaks downfall to “complacency (自满),” that explanation doesn
48、t acknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself.可知，尽管许多人将柯达的衰落归咎于“自满”，但这种解释并没有承认公司为重塑自身所做的努力。由此推知，作者提到柯达的第一个数码相机的发明是为了显示它早期还是努力重塑自己的。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。由题干中的large companies和switching to new markets定位到第四段最后一句Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because
49、 there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.(大公司很难进入新市场因为存在将现有资产投入新业务的诱惑)和第五段第一句Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate (企业的) culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully e
50、mbrace the future. (尽管柯达预见到了数码摄影的必然崛起，但它的企业文化太过植根于过去的成功，以至于无法彻底决裂，完全拥抱未来)可推知，大公司很难转向新的市场，因为他们深陷过去的辉煌。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.可知，他们的历史对他们很重要。现在，他们的历史成了累赘。由此可知，作者认为柯达的历史已经成为一种负担。故选A。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Kodaks decision not
51、to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation.可知，柯达决定不为1984年洛杉矶奥运会拍摄官方胶卷，这是一个重大的误判。由此可知，柯达最大的错误是拒绝赞助1984年洛杉矶奥运会。故选C。DPunks，Ravers，Mods and Teddy Boys. No，these arent some hot new bands，but the names of a number of British youth subcultures from the
52、last 70 years. Youth Club，a UK not-for-profit organization，released a book earlier this year celebrating many different subcultures from throughout Britains recent history.“A catalyst(催化剂)for creativity on the worldwide stage，British youth culture movements from the Teddy Boys of the 1950s to the Gr
53、ime Scene of the 2000s continue to play a pioneering role in music，fashion and creativity across the globe，” it wrote on its website.These subcultures were traditionally a way for young people to show their personalities to others. Walking around London in the 1970s would have meant seeing dozens of
54、 young “punks”people dressed in ripped denim，leather jackets，body piercings and with brightly-dyed hair on the streets. And in the 90s，“ravers” were young people who threw all-night parties in abandoned buildings or car parks.So，what was the reason behind these subcultures?“On both sides of the Atla
55、ntic，more and more young disappointed teenagers were looking for an escape from the boredom and restrictions of society，”wrote Ian Youngs，BBC entertainment reporter. “Unemployment，racial tensions and social changes added fuel to their fires. ”Youth subcultures have almost disappeared in the West. So
56、me experts believe the reason for this is the instant and low-priced availability of music and clothing in the Internet age. “Fashion and music，theyre much cheaper and theyre much faster today，” Ruth Adams，a culture lecturer at Kings College London told The Guardian.“When I was a teenager，you had to
57、 stick to one type of music or fashion，because it cost more money. Now，its all a bit vaguer，”she said，believing that its harder to figure out someones personality or music tastes nowadays just by looking at them.Despite this，Adams believes that todays young people are still finding their own way to
58、express themselves，but in a more modern way. “Its certainly happening online，”she said. “Its a lot easier to use personas(伪装)online just by showcasing certain types of mysterious knowledge. ”13. What do we know about British youth subcultures?A. They date back to the 1970s.B. They were started by Yo
59、uth Club.C. They are contemporary culture movements.D. They were a way for youths to express themselves.14. What contributed to the appearance of these youth subcultures?A. The easy access to music and clothing.B. Young peoples desire for freedom and fun.C. The political pressure young people suffer
60、ed.D. Young peoples longing for fame and wealth.15. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 6 probably refer to?A. The faster and cheaper music.B. The instant and low-priced fashion.C. The disappearance of youth subcultures.D. The availability of music and clothing.16. Which of the followi
61、ng would Ruth Adams probably agree with?A. Young people are less willing to express themselves.B. Young people are less interested in music and fashion.C. Music and fashion develop too fast for young people to follow.D. The Internet makes it harder to tell the youngs real personalities.【答案】13. D 14.
62、 B 15. C 16. D【解析】【分析】本文讲述了英国年轻人用“亚文化”展现自我的文化现象。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第一句These subcultures were traditionally a way for young people to show their personalities to others.可知，英国青年亚文化是年轻人表达自我的一种方式。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“On both sides of the Atlantic，more and more young disappointed teenagers were looking
63、for an escape from the boredom and restrictions of society，”wrote Ian Youngs，BBC entertainment reporter. “Unemployment，racial tensions and social changes added fuel to their fires. ”可知，想要追求自由和社会压力大是英国年轻人群中亚文化流行的原因。故选B。【15题详解】词义指代题。根据根据第三段第一句These subcultures were traditionally a way for young people
64、 to show their personalities to others.（这些亚文化传统上是年轻人向他人展示自己个性的一种方式。）和最后一段第一句Despite this，Adams believes that todays young people are still finding their own way to express themselves，but in a more modern way.（尽管如此,Adams认为,现在的年轻人仍然发现他们自己的方式来表达自己,但在一个更现代的方式。）由此可知划线词this指的是“青年亚文化的消失”，故选C。【16题详解】推理判断题。根
65、据最后一段中“Its certainly happening online，”she said. “Its a lot easier to use personas(伪装)online just by showcasing certain types of mysterious knowledge. ”可知，Ruth Adams认为网络使人们可以通过展示某些类型的神秘知识来使用网络伪装。因此很难弄清楚年轻人的个性。故选D。【点睛】代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象，包括考查it（指动物，无生命的事物、特定的事件或人），they/them(指代
66、人、物、事件的复数名词)，he/she等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意义，考查同学们对文章中叙述特定的人，物，事件的认知能力。解答这类题时，同学们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后临近句的内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理清来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对象。根据根据第三段第一句These subcultures were traditionally a way for young people to show their personalities to others.（这些亚文化传统上是年轻人向他人展示自己个性
67、的一种方式。）和最后一段第一句Despite this，Adams believes that todays young people are still finding their own way to express themselves，but in a more modern way.（尽管如此,Adams认为,现在的年轻人仍然发现他们自己的方式来表达自己,但在一个更现代的方式。）由此可知划线词this指的是“青年亚文化的消失”。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Cell Phones:
68、 Hang Up or Keep TalkingMillions of people are using cell phones today. In many places, it is actually considered unusual not to use one._17_ They find that the phones are more than a means of communication having mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected. The explosions around the world i
69、n mobile phone use make some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity(负面报道)of such ideas. _18_ On the other hand, signs of change i
70、n the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. _19_ This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of y
71、ears. _20_ The answer is radiation(辐射). High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. As the discussion about the safety continues, it appears that its
72、best to use mobile phones less often. _21_ Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, its wise not to use your mobile phone too often.A. They say that there is no proof that mobile phon
73、es are bad for your health.B. What do the doctors worry about?C. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people.D Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time.E. He couldnt remember even simple tasks.F. They will possibly affect their benefits.G. What is it that make
74、s mobile phones potentially harmful?【答案】17. C 18. A 19. E 20. G 21. D【解析】文章讲述了今天数以万计的人在使用手机，在许多国家，很受年轻人的欢迎。一些医生担心将来许多人会因为使用手机而遭受健康问题。但是没有证据证明手机有害健康。如果你想谈很长时间，就用普通电话。只有在你真正需要手机的时候才使用它。所以现在，明智的做法是不要经常使用手机。【17题详解】根据下文“They find that the phones are more than a means of communication having mobile phone
75、shows that they are cool and connected.” 他们发现手机不仅仅是一种交流方式，手机显示出他们很酷。They指代young people。故选C。【18题详解】根据“Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity(负面报道)of such ideas.” 手机公司担心负面宣传（负面报道）这样的想法。故选A。【19题详解】根据“In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of seri
76、ous memory loss.”在一个案例中，一个旅行推销员不得不在很年轻的时候退休，因为严重的记忆力丧失。故选E。【20题详解】根据“The answer is radiation(辐射)”答案是辐射。故选G。【21题详解】根据下文“Use your mobile phone only when you really need it.” 只有在你真正需要手机的时候才使用它。故选D。【点睛】该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题，
77、过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。根据这些，我们总结出以下方法：1、先看选项。跟完形填空不一样，七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。2、再看空前空后。由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。3、注意代词或定冠词。在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子
78、中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可以了。4、注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。5、注意一些连词。如一些表示转折的连词，but，However，yet，though，nevertheless等，另
79、外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如and，also，aswellas，neithernor，eitheror，notonly.butalso，ononehand.ontheotherhand等。因为这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A true reality of retirement planning is that your future is riding on the qua
80、lity of your assumptions Humble _22_ can be dangerous.For example, eight years into this bull market, expecting stocks to deliver as strong returns over the next decade is an uncertain proposition many are nonetheless _23_.Another potential _24_ assumption is that you will be able to keep working pa
81、st 65. Yet the recently released 2017 Retirement Confidence Survey by the nonpartisan Employee Benefit Research Institute finds that more than half of workers say they expect to still be on the clock past age 65. _25_, less than 15 percent of todays retirees kept working that long.If you plan on wor
82、king longer as a way to get by in retirement, you are going to be in trouble, says Craig Copeland, senior research associate at EBRI. It should be a _26_ to a solid savings and spending plan, not the foundation.Its simply too _27_ to assume you will indeed be able to work longer. A survey by the Tra
83、nsamerica Center for Retirement Studies found that nearly two-thirds of retirees left the workforce earlier than expected because they were laid off, reorganized out of a position, or due to general unhappiness with a job. Only 16 percent of retirees who _28_ the work force earlier than they expecte
84、d did so because they felt they could _29_ afford to._30_, a new report from Prudential puts a dollar value on why your current employer may not be inclined (倾向于) to do back flips to keep an older you happy and engaged. The estimated one-year cost to a firm when an employee _31_ retirement: $50,000.
85、Prudential estimates that on a company-wide level, delayed retirement can _32_ overall workforce costs by 1 percent to 1.5 percent. Thats not nothing. And it goes a long way in explaining why employers may be more inclined to focus on financial wellness strategies to get workers ready to retire _33_
86、 than programs to help workers delay retirement.Fewer than one-third of employees surveyed by TCRS report their employer has some sort of transition program such as flexible work schedules, reduced hours or _34_ to a different role.Workers vision of retirement is changing faster than employers busin
87、ess _35_, said Catherine Collinson, president of TCRS. That makes it ever more crucial for pre-retirees to take the steps today that will increase the _36_ they can continue to work longer, if thats part of the plan.22. A. pessimismB. optimismC. concernD. consideration23. A. relying onB. holding bac
88、kC. accounting forD. turning down24. A. reliableB. possibleC. flawedD. firm25 A. As a resultB. In additionC. Needless to sayD. By comparison26. A. complementB. compositionC. complimentD. comprehension27. A. ridiculousB. sensibleC. riskyD. logical28. A. extendedB. exitedC. existedD. remained29. A. ec
89、onomicallyB. mentallyC. financiallyD. physically30. A. HoweverB. ThereforeC. InsteadD. Moreover31. A. delaysB. expectsC. getsD. decides32. A. influenceB. decreaseC. increaseD. transform33. A. laterB. soonerC. fasterD. slower34. A. shiftingB. alteringC. rangingD. functioning35. A. dealsB. practicesC.
90、 customsD. operations36. A. prospectB. capabilitiesC. oddsD. outputs【答案】22. B 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. B 36. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，从几方面分析了员工对延迟退休计划抱有乐观态度是十分危险的。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：谦逊的乐观主义可能是危险的。A. pessimism悲观；B. optimism乐观；C. concern担心；D. consideration考虑
91、。上文说退休计划的真实情况是，你的未来取决于你的假设，再结合第二段举的牛市的例子可知，谦逊的乐观可能是危险的，故B项正确。【23题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：例如，在本轮牛市进入8年后，许多人仍然指望未来10年股市能带来同样强劲的回报，但这是一个不确定的命题。A. relying on指望、依赖；B. holding back抑制；C. accounting for说明的原因；D. turning down拒绝。根据空前的“For example, eight years into this bull market, expecting stocks to deliver as strong
92、 returns over the next decade”可知，许多人仍然指望未来10年股市能带来同样强劲的回报，但这是一个不确定的命题，故A项正确。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个可能有缺陷的假设是，你将能够在65岁以后继续工作。 A. reliable可靠的；B. possible可能的；C. flawed 有瑕疵的、有缺陷的；D. firm坚定的。空后说然而，由无党派员工福利研究机构最近发布的2017年退休信心调查发现，超过一半的员工表示，他们预计自己仍将在65岁以上的时候上班，相比之下，如今只有不到15%的退休人员能工作那么长时间，由此可知这种假设是有缺陷的，故C项正确
93、。【25题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，如今只有不到15%的退休人员能工作那么长时间。A. As a result结果；B. In addition此外；C. Needless to say不用说；D. By comparison相比之下。超过一半的员工表示，他们预计自己仍将在65岁以上的时候上班，如今只有不到15%的退休人员能工作那么长时间，前后存在一种对比关系，故D项正确。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：欧洲复兴开发银行高级研究助理克雷格科普兰表示：“如果你打算延长工作时间，以此作为退休后的谋生之道，那你就有麻烦了。”它应该是一个坚实的储蓄和支出计划的补充，而不是基础”。A
94、. complement补充；B. composition作曲；C. compliment称赞；D. comprehension理解。根据空后的“not the foundation.”可知，延长工作时间应该是储蓄和支出计划的补充而不是基础，故A项正确。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：假设你真的能工作更长时间是太冒险了。A. ridiculous荒谬的；B. sensible合乎情理的；C. risky冒险的、有风险的；D. logical逻辑的。根据下文介绍的美国退休研究中心的调查结果可知，假设你真的能工作更长时间是非常冒险的，故C项正确。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：只有1
95、6%的退休人员比预期的要早，因为他们觉得经济上可以负担得起。A. extended延伸；B. exited退出、离开；C. existed存在；D. remained保持。空前介绍了调查发现的近三分之二的退休人员提前离开工作岗位的几个原因，因此此处指的是退休人员，故B项正确。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. economically经济地；B. mentally精神上；C. financially财政上；D. physically身体上。上文说人们延长退休时间是为了继续挣钱养家，所以那些提前退休的人能够在经济上负担得起，故C项正确。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，英国
96、保诚保险公司的一份新报告给出了一个美元价值，解释了为什么你现在的雇主可能不愿做后空翻，以让你的老东家满意和敬业。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead相反；D. Moreover此外、而且。空后又提到了一份报告，是对前面的调查的补充说明，故D项正确。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当员工延迟退休时，公司一年的估计费用是：50000美元。A. delays延误、推迟；B. expects期望；C. gets得到；D. decides决定。本文主要讨论的就是员工推迟退休计划，因此此处指员工延迟退休，故A项正确。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：保诚估
97、计，在整个公司范围内，延迟退休会使整体劳动力成本增加1%至1.5%。A. influence影响；B. decrease减少；C. increase增加；D. transform转换。根据常识可知，员工延迟退休，公司会继续按月给他发工资，这会增加公司的劳动力成本，故C项正确。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这也在很大程度上解释了为什么雇主可能更倾向于关注“财务健康”战略，以便让员工提前做好退休准备，而不是帮助员工推迟退休的计划。A. later晚；B. sooner快、提前；C. faster迅速；D. slower缓慢。根据空后的“than programs to help worke
98、rs delay retirement.”可知，雇主可能更倾向于关注“财务健康”战略是为了让员工提前做好退休准备，而不是帮助他们推迟退休的计划，故B项正确。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：接受TCRS调查的雇员中，不到三分之一的人表示，他们的雇主有某种“过渡”计划，比如弹性工作时间、减少工作时间或转换角色。A. shifting转变、转向；B. altering更改；C. ranging（在范围内）变动；D. functioning运行。根据句意可知此处指转换角色，shift to表示“转变成为”，故A项正确。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意；TCRS总裁凯瑟琳柯林森说：“员工退休的
99、愿景变化比雇主的商业行为更快，如果这是计划的一部分，那么对于退休前的人来说，现在采取措施增加他们继续工作更长时间的可能性就变得更加重要。A. deals交易；B. practices实践、行为；C. customs风俗；D. operations操作。business practices表示“商业活动”，故B项正确。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. prospect景色；B. capabilities能力；C. odds几率；D. outputs产量。根据空前的“That makes it ever more crucial for pre-retirees to take th
100、e steps today that will increase the”对于退休前的人来说，现在采取措施增加他们继续工作更长时间的可能性就变得更加重要，故C项正确。【点睛】本篇第12空C项faster的干扰性较大，掌握soon与fast的区别是关键，soon与fast都可以表示“快”，区别在于fast强调速度，而soon强调时间，根据空后的“than programs to help workers delay retirement.”可知，雇主可能更倾向于关注“财务健康”战略是为了让员工提前做好退休准备，而不是帮助他们推迟退休的计划，此处指“提前”，强调的是时间短，故B项正确。第二节(共1
101、0小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Gabi Rizea only discovered his talent for woodcarving three years ago, and put _37_ to good use, saving dozens of old tree stumps from being removed by _38_ (turn) them into impressive works of art.Rizea became a woodcarver _39_ (complete) by accident
102、. Three years ago, after buying himself a new chainsaw (链锯), he started “playing” with it on a block of wood. He tried carving a human face into the wood, and to his surprise, it turned out pretty good. Today, he is so good at woodcarving _40_ his home city allows him to work his magic on old tree s
103、tumps and so far about 40 works of art _41_ (create) in the local parks.“In 99% of the cases, the wood just doesnt match my ideas,” he said in an interview. “I first have to remove all the rotten parts, and sometimes, _42_ is left isnt enough for my designs.”Following his recent rise to fame, Rizea
104、has been asked by many _43_ (city), including the capital of Romania to transform their old tree trunks _44_ works of art. He promised to honor their requests, but he will never repeat any of the artworks _45_ (find) in his home city.In spite of his obvious talent, the Romanian _46_ (art) recently g
105、ot into art school in order to fully master woodcarving.【答案】37. it 38. turning 39. completely 40. that 41. have been created 42. what 43. cities 44. into 45. found 46. artist【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Gabi Rizea成为木雕师的经过以及他成名后被许多城市邀请去将老树干改造成艺术品。尽管天赋出众，这位罗马尼亚艺术家最近还是为了全面掌握木雕技艺而考上了艺术学校。【37题详解】考查代词。句意：Gabi Rizea
106、三年前才发现自己的木雕天赋，并好好利用了这一天赋，将数十根被砍伐的老树桩变成了令人印象深刻的艺术品。此处指利用“talent”，应用代词it。故填it。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Gabi Rizea三年前才发现自己的木雕天赋，并好好利用了这一天赋，将数十根被砍伐的老树桩变成了令人印象深刻的艺术品。turn作介词by的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填turning。【39题详解】考查副词。句意：Rizea成为一名木雕师完全是出于偶然。修饰介词短语by accident，应用副词completely，作状语。故填completely。【40题详解】考查状语从句。句意：如今，他的木雕技艺如此高超
107、，家乡的城市允许他在老树桩上施展他的魔法，到目前为止，当地的公园已经创作了大约40件艺术品。此处为sothat句型，引导结果状语从句，表示“如此以至于”。故填that。【41题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：如今，他的木雕技艺如此高超，家乡的城市允许他在老树桩上施展他的魔法，到目前为止，当地的公园已经创作了大约40件艺术品。根据上文“so far”可知应用现在完成时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为about 40 works of art，助动词用have。故填have been created。【42题详解】考查主语从句。句意：首先我必须移除所有腐烂的部分，有
108、时，剩下的部分不足以满足我的设计。此处为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物应用what引导。故填what。【43题详解】考查名词的数。句意：随着其声名鹊起，许多城市都要求Rizea将其古老的树干改造成艺术品，其中包括罗马尼亚首都。city为可数名词，由many修饰应用复数形式故填cities。【44题详解】考查介词。句意：随着其声名鹊起，许多城市都要求Rizea将其古老的树干改造成艺术品，其中包括罗马尼亚首都。结合句意表示“将改造成”短语为transform sth. into。故填into。【45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他承诺尊重他们的要求，但他永远不会重复在他家乡城市发现的任何艺术品。
109、分析句子结构可知find在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语artworks构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填found。【46题详解】考查名词。句意：尽管天赋出众，这位罗马尼亚艺术家最近还是为了全面掌握木雕技艺而考上了艺术学校。空处作主语，表示“艺术家”应用名词artist，此处为特指Gabi Rizea这个艺术家应用单数。故填artist。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)47. 假定你是校学生会主席李华，近日你校将举行中国传统文化节系列活动。请给对中国传统文化感兴趣的外教George发一封电子邮件，邀请他参加，内容包括:1. 活动目的，时间，地点；2. 活动内容
110、(如中国传统书画展、京剧表演等)。参考词汇:书法calligraphy京剧Peking Opera注意:1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【答案】Dear George,How is everything going? I heard that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, Im writing to invite you to participate in our school activities about traditional Chinese culture.These activities
111、 are held to spread the traditional Chinese culture and make people know it deeply. The activities have a huge scale, which will be held in our school art hall from 9 a. m to 4 p. m on December 22th.And you can appreciate some classic forms of traditional culture, such as the Chinese calligraphy exh
112、ibition, the Peking Opera performances and so on. So if youre interested, please attend it on time.Looking forward to your participation. Wish you have a good time.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以校学生会主席的身份，给对中国传统文化感兴趣的外教George发一封电子邮件，邀请他参加学校将举行中国传统文化节系列活动。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时，少量的现
113、在进行时、一般过去时和一般将来时。结构：总分总法总分总法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，分别放在开头和结尾，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1. 活动目的，时间，地点；2. 活动内容(如中国传统书画展、京剧表演等)。第二步：列提纲（重点词组）be interested in; invite sb to do; participate in; be held in ; such as; on time; look forward to; have a good time第三步：连词成句1.I heard that you are interested in traditional Chin
114、ese culture, Im writing to invite you to participate in our school activities about traditional Chinese culture.2.The activities have a huge scale, which will be held in our school art hall from 9 a. m to 4 p. m on December 22th.3.And you can appreciate some classic forms of traditional culture, suc
115、h as the Chinese calligraphy exhibition, the Peking Opera performances and so on. 4.So if youre interested, please attend it on time.5.Looking forward to your participation. 6Wish you have a good time.根据提示和关键词组进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（供参考）1.表文章结构顺序：To begin with, First of all, Firstly/First,
116、 Secondly/Second. And then, Finally, In the end, At last2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, As well as, not only but (also), including3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite 0f+n/doing, On the one handOn the other hand. Some , while oth
117、ers., as for, so.that4.表因果关系： Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】高分句型1 The activities have a huge scale, which will be held in our school art hall from 9 a. m to 4 p. m on December 22th.（which引导的非限定性定语从句）高分句型2 So if youre interested, please attend i
118、t on time.（if引导的条件状语从句）第二节(满分25分)48. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。A long time ago, there was a happy prince and princess in a country. They took care of and loved each other very much, and their country was happy, too. Therefore they didnt envy anything else. There was one thing they worried
119、 about. They wanted to make sure they could live happily forever like this.One day, one of the officials found out the couples worry and told them, “Prince, I heard that there is a magic charm(吉祥饰物), and it can protect you from any unfortunate event. If you always carry the magic charm with you, you
120、r fear and worry will disappear.” “Is it true? Where can I find that charm?” The prince asked him joyfully. “There is an old man in the forest, and he knows about everything. You can ask him.”The couple visited the old man, and asked for help with their worries and fears. The old man nodded his head
121、 as if he knew everything and said, “Travel all around the world. Then, when you meet a very happy couple, ask them to cut a piece of their underwear. If you keep the piece of the underwear, your fear and worry will go away.”The couple appreciated the old mans kindness and set out on the journey. Th
122、e couple wandered around everywhere and heard about a happy knight (骑士) and his wife in a town. They went to visit the knight. “Are you really happy like the rumor?” Then the knight answered. “Of course, we are, Prince. But our only worry and problem is that we didnt have any children.”They had to f
123、ind an absolutely happy couple, so they continued their journey. They visited a happy couple who were famous for their happiness in the next town.And they asked the couple if they were really happy. The couple answered. “Yes, we are very happy. But we have too many children. A mother with a large fa
124、mily of children never has a peaceful day. We worry too much about our children.”They could not get a magic charm this time too,and kept going on their trip. It was very hard to find the happiest couple in the world.One day, the prince couple met a shepherd(牧羊人) and his wife in a big field._Feeling
125、disappointed and tired out, the prince couple decided to go back._【答案】One day, the prince couple met a shepherd and his wife in a big field. The shepherd was driving a herd of sheep, and his wife took their two children to him. The moment the shepherd saw his family, he ran to them directly, kissing
126、 and embracing each of them by turns. Knowing that this was known to be the happiest family they were looking for, the prince couple approached them and asked politely “I am sorry, but could you please cut a piece of your underwear for us?” But the happiest shepherd couple felt confused and said “We
127、 would like to help you but we dont wear any underwear.”Feeling disappointed and tired out, the prince couple decided to go back. Immediately they returned to their country they visited the old wise man, saying that the magic charm was no where to be found. The old man smiled. “Well is our trip a va
128、in effort?” The prince couple thought to themselves for a while and finally, they realized that the true magic charm was in their mind, and happiness depends on themselves. Then they held hands firmly and looked in each others eyes, knowing that they would never be unhappy whatever came their way.【解
129、析】【分析】本文是一篇寓言故事，一位王子和公主快乐地生活在一起，他们想自己能像这样幸福地生活下去，于是到处寻找世界上绝对幸福的夫妇。最后他们发现真正的幸福就在自己手上。【详解】1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“一天，王子夫妇在一块大田里遇见了一个牧羊人和他的妻子。”可知，第一段可描写牧羊人夫妇幸福地生活，王子夫妇请求他们剪一件内衣，但是牧羊人拒绝了他们。由第二段首句内容“王子夫妇感到失望和疲惫，决定回去。”可知，第二段可描写王子夫妇去找智者询问，最后明白了幸福就在自己手里。2.续写线索：找到牧羊人请求牧羊人遭到拒绝找到智者智者点播领悟感受3.词类激活行为类接近：approach/ draw ne
130、ar拜访：visit/ call on意识到：realize/ be aware of情感类困惑的：confused/ puzzled坚定地：firmly/ tightly【点睛】高分句型1The moment the shepherd saw his family, he ran to them directly, kissing and embracing each of them by turns. (运用了the moment引导的时间状语从句)高分句型2Then they held hands firmly and looked in each others eyes, knowing that they would never be unhappy whatever came their way. (运用了现在分词作状语以及that引导的宾语从句)