1、课时作业30The power of nature.阅读理解(辽宁大连联考)A 16year survey on the arctic Norwegian island of Svalbard found the reindeer (驯鹿) there have declined in weight by an alarming 12 per cent. The reduction in average bodymass is being blamed on global warming.In research presented lately at a meeting of the Brit
2、ish Ecological Society in Liverpool, scientists will explain how rising temperatures are making female reindeer difficult to obtain nutrients during important periods of being pregnant.Snow in Svalbard typically covers the ground for eight months of the year, which, combined with low temperatures, l
3、imits grass growth to June and July. But as summer temperatures have increased by around 1.5， grassland has become more productive, allowing female reindeer to gain more weight by the autumn and therefore to conceive (孕育) more calves.However, warmer winters have brought with them greater rainfall wh
4、ich freezes when it settles on the snow, therefore locking out the reindeer from the lifesupporting food below. As a result, female reindeer are becoming starved, causing them to give birth to much lighter young. The average mass of an adult reindeer in 1998, when the survey began, was 55kg, but by
5、2016 it had dropped to 48kg.Professor Steve Albon, an ecologist at the James Hatton Institute in Aberdeen, said that, because the mammals have a relatively high surfaceareatovolume ratio (表面积与体积比), they are no particularly energy efficient.Reindeer can often access the inadequate food sources beneat
6、h the snow by clearing it away with their antlers (鹿角), but they cannot break through the hard ice. Without access to the food in winter, calves are being born far lighter than they should be. Numbers of reindeer have also increased rapidly in the past 20 years, meaning that those which are born are
7、 facing greater competition for food. “The implications (含义) are that there may well be more smaller reindeer in the Arctic in the coming decades, but possibly at the risk of catastrophic dieoffs because of increased ice on the ground，” said Professor Albon.Despite the gloomy findings, reindeer appe
8、ar to be suffering less from the impact of climate change than some other arctic species.本文是一篇说明文。研究表明：全球变暖导致驯鹿体重减轻。1Which of the following may be the most important reason for the smaller reindeer?AHeavy snow.BGreater rainfall.CHard ice.DGlobal warming.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话“The reduction in averag
9、e bodymass is being blamed on global warming.”可知，全球变暖是驯鹿平均体重减轻的罪魁祸首。故选D项。2According to the passage, rising temperatures will not lead to _.Agrass growing more rapidly in summerBmore rainfall in the arctic area in winterCfemale reindeers gaining more weight in winterDfemale reindeers suffering from h
10、unger in winter答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“But as summer temperatures have increased by around 1.5， grassland has become more productive.”可知A正确；根据第四段“However, warmer winters have brought with them greater rainfall which freezes when it settles on the snow, therefore locking out the reindeer from the lifesupp
11、orting food below.”可知B正确；根据第四段“As a result, female reindeer are becoming starved, causing them to give birth to much lighter young.”可知D正确。根据第四段“The average mass of an adult reindeer in 1998, when the survey began, was 55kg, but by 2016 it had dropped to 48kg.”可知C符合题意。3What does the underlined word “
12、gloomy” in the last paragraph mean?AExciting.BOptimistic.CDisappointing.DDoubtful.答案：C解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段“.reindeer appear to be suffering less from the impact of climate change than some other arctic species.”可知，驯鹿受气候变化的影响似乎比其他北极物种要小。据此推断“Despite the gloomy findings”意为“尽管这一研究发现很悲观”。故选C项。4How does the w
13、riter develop the passage?ABy analysing the research.BBy classification of reindeer.CBy comparing opinions of experts.DBy telling stories of different species.答案：A解析：写作手法题。通读全文可知，文章主要通过分析研究结果来说明全球变暖对驯鹿体重的影响。故选A项。.阅读填句(陕西西安中学检测)In 2017, AlphaGo defeated Chinese player Ke Jie to become the worlds No.1
14、, ending thousands of years of human dominance (控制) in the game. AlphaGo is an artificial intelligence (AI) Goplaying program. _1_Artificial intelligence is usually defined as the science of making computers do things that require intelligence when done by humans. _2_ These include learning, reasoni
15、ng, problemsolving, perception, and languageunderstanding._3_ In fact we are increasingly depending upon computerbased artificial intelligence. As Charlie Qrtiz, head of AI at the Massachusettsbased software company Nuance Communications, said, “It has opened a window for us.” Smart phones, selfdriv
16、ing cars, intelligent robots, etc. are constantly coming into our life. According to a recent survey, half of the worlds AI experts believe humanlevel machine intelligence will be achieved by 2040. This will open up huge possibilities for the enrichment of mankind, from tackling climate change and t
17、reating disease to laboursaving devices. _4_ Physicist Stephen Hawking warned that unless we take care, board games might be the least of AI. “The devel opment of full artificial intelligence could mean the end of the human race.” _5_ They believe AlphaGos victory is a reminder of how fast the world
18、 is overcoming the obstacles in the way of AI, and its distribution in the world about us. Although there may yet be no evidence that computers will ever shake off their human masters, we should still treat the development with the humility and caution it deserves.AOther scientists have also express
19、ed the concern.BArtificial intelligence has both advantages and disadvantages.CDefeating a human Go master is not the only thing AI can do.DArtificial intelligence will bring us disasters instead of benefits.EIt was designed by an American artificial intelligence company.FNot all experts hold the op
20、timistic attitudes to the development of AI.GResearch in AI has so far focused on some special fields of intelligence.本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人工智能的发展以及人们对于人工智能的不同态度。1解析：根据前句内容“AlphaGo is an artificial intelligence (AI) Goplaying program.”可知，此处是对阿尔法的介绍，所以E合适，意为“它是由美国的一家人工智能公司设计的”。2解析：根据后句内容“These include learnin
21、g, reasoning, problemsolving, perception, and languageunderstanding.”可知，此处主要介绍了人工智能研究涉及的领域，所以前句是对研究的评价，引出后句的研究领域。所以G正确。3解析：根据后文内容“In fact we are increasingly depending upon computerbased artificial intelligence.Smart phones, selfdriving cars, intelligent robots, etc. are constantly coming into our l
22、ife.”可知，人工智能现在已经被应用于很多领域，所以此处表示“在围棋比赛中战胜人类选手不是人工智能唯一的表现”。所以C正确。4解析：根据后文内容“Physicist Stephen Hawking warned that unless we take care, board games might be the least of AI. The development of full artificial intelligence could mean the end of the human race.”可知，有些专家对于人工智能的发展持消极观点。所以F正确。5解析：根据后文内容“They
23、 believe AlphaGos victory is a reminder of how fast the world is overcoming the obstacles in the way of AI, and its distribution in the world about us.”可知，此处仍表达这部分人的观点，所以选A，表示“其他的科学家们也表达了担忧”。.语法填空(湖北黄冈检测)Also _1_ (know) as “paper paintings” and “painted pictures”， New Year paintings are _2_ unique a
24、rt form in Chinese folk culture. The paintings are called “New Year paintings” because they are _3_ (most) posted during the Chinese New Year holiday _4_ decoration and they are also a symbol of New Years greetings.New Year paintings _5_ (appear) around the Tang Dynasty, replacing the previous door
25、pictures _6_ (feature) the gods believed to be able to protect the residents and drive away ghosts. In the Song Dynasty, New Year paintings were created on a large scale. With the advancement of printing technology, the content and forms of New Year paintings became _7_ (diversity). The development
26、of the paintings matured in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, _8_ the art hit its heyday (全盛期)Traditional printing _9_ (method) of New Year paintings include woodblock printing, stoneblock printing, offset (胶印) printing, traditional Chinese painting, watercolor painting and sketches etc. Woodblock printe
27、d New Year paintings _10_ (be) the most popular and interesting ones.本文是一篇说明文，涉及社会文化和习俗话题。主要介绍了中国的传统文化艺术之一年画的用途、起源和分类，彰显了中国元素。1解析：考查过去分词。空前无主语，故填非谓语动词。be known as“作为而知名”，故填known。2解析：考查冠词。年画是中国民间文化中的一种独特的艺术形式。此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词。unique的发音是以辅音音素开头的，故用a。3解析：考查副词。因为它们通常都在春节期间被张贴，作为装饰画。修饰谓语动词用副词。mostly“通常，多半，大
28、部分”。4解析：考查介词。此处表示目的且空后为名词，故用介词for。5解析：考查时态。年画大约起源于唐代。此处表示过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时。6解析：考查动词的ing形式。分析句子结构可知，door pictures与feature之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故填动词ing形式作定语，feature在此是动词，意为“以为特色”。7解析：考查形容词。在本句的系表结构中，作表语的应是形容词。故填diverse“多种多样的”，也可填diversified“多样化的”。8解析：考查定语从句。年画在明清时期走向成熟，达到鼎盛。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。9解
29、析：考查名词单复数。从后文可知，年画的制作工艺有很多种，故填method的复数形式。10解析：考查主谓一致和时态。木版年画最为盛行，也最有趣。由主语paintings可知，谓语动词应用复数。且此处是对客观情况的陈述，故应用一般现在时。.短文改错(福建泉港一中检测)Dear Abby，How are you? Today Ive got a wonderful news to tell you. I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my further education. One hundred and t
30、wenty students took exam for it, but only a few was chosen and I was one of them. However, my parents are not happy about it. They are strong against me going there. They say it is too far away that they will not see me for a whole year and they are afraid of I will feel lonely. They cant imagine a
31、girl so young live alone. They advise me to studying in the capital instead. Then Ill be able to continue living with them. How can I persuade them to accept the fact I have grown up?Best wishes!Jane答案与解析1去掉a考查冠词。news是不可数名词。2have后加been考查被动语态。I与offer之间是被动关系。3examexams考查名词的单复数形式。exam是可数名词，在这里不只是一次考试，因
32、此为复数。4chosen前的waswere考查主谓一致。a few代表复数名词。5strongstrongly考查副词。副词修饰介词短语。6tooso考查固定搭配。本句采用了so.that搭配。7去掉of考查句子结构。be afraid后跟宾语从句时不跟介词。8liveliving考查非谓语动词。living作imagine的宾语，a girl是living的逻辑主语。9studyingstudy考查固定搭配。advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”。10fact后加that考查名词性从句。that后引导同位语从句，that不可省略。.书面表达(重庆一中检测)假定你是李华，
33、你的美国朋友Tony在你校做交换生，希望你教他包饺子，请你写封邮件告诉他你的安排。内容包括：1确定一起买包饺子的材料的时间和地点；2回你家包饺子；3请对方预先观看网络视频学习包饺子。注意：1词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Tony，How are you getting along with your Chinese study these days?In your last email you asked me to teach you to make jiaozi and now Ill tell you my plan. At three oclock thi
34、s Saturday afternoon, Ill meet you at the school gate, and then well ride bicycles to a supermarket near my home to buy the materials for jiaozi. After that, well go to my home to make jiaozi. At dinner time well cook and eat jiaozi together.By the way, my mom will be at home at that time, who is an
35、 expert at making and cooking jiaozi. She is my first teacher of making jiaozi and shell also be very glad to teach you everything. In order to learn faster and better, you can watch a video about making jiaozi in advance, which you can find a lot on the Internet.Im looking forward to seeing you and making jiaozi with you this Saturday afternoon.Yours，Li Hua