1、目录第十节 特殊句式(主谓一致、强调、倒装、反意疑问句及其他)本节目录考点串讲重难突破模拟演练能力提升目录考 点 串 讲 重 难 突 破考点一 主谓一致要点浓缩主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致,一般遵循三个原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则.做题时还要注意时态及其他语法及词义的正确性.其中语法一致原则要注意以下几点:1主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but,except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致.目录如：
2、Mr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going tovisit Beijing this summer.史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。2就近一致原则(1)由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。目录Either you or one of your
3、students is to attend the meetingthat is due tomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。(2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox.文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。3意义一致原则(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，谓语动词用单数。目录The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions o
4、f ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。A needle and thread was given to her，but she could not sewthe button on.针线给了她，但她不会把纽扣缝起来。(2)“no/each/every/many a单数名词andno/each/every/many a单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数.Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by
5、 their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。目录(3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数.To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是一个好习惯。(4)单复数同形的名词作主语时，应根据名词的意义来确定谓语动词的单、复数形式。Every necessary means has been used to protect milu deer which are very valuable to us.As a result，the number of themilu deer is
6、 increasing.每一种必需的方法已经被用来保护对我们很有价值的麋鹿。因此，麋鹿的数量在上升。目录经典品味1(2012高考陕西卷)The basketball coach，as well as histeam，_interviewed shortly after the match for theiroutstanding performance.Awere Bwas CisDare 解析：选B。考查主谓一致和时态。句意:那位篮球教练以及他的球队在比赛后不久就因为他们杰出的表现而受到采访.as well as连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数由第一个名词或代词决定，本题中as we
7、ll as连接the basketball coach与his team，the basketball coach为第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，排除A，D两项；另外，由关键信息shortly after the match可知动作发生在过去，句子采用一般过去时，排除C项。目录2(2012高考湖南卷)All the scientific evidence _that increasing use of chemicals in farming _damaging our health.Ashow；areBshows；are Cshow；isDshows；is 解析：选D。考查主谓
8、一致。句意：所有的科学证据表明,农业中越来越多化学物质的使用正在危及我们的健康。该句为复合句，that引导宾语从句。主句的主语为不可数名词evidence，其谓语动词应使用单数形式。从句的主语为increasing use of chemicals in farming，其中心词为名词use，所以其谓语动词也应使用单数形式。目录3(2012山东聊城一中月考)The driver，_ the passengers，_ responsible for the accident.Amore than；are Brather than；is Cother than；were Dless than；wa
9、s 解析：选B。句意：在这次事故中，应承担责任的是司机而不是乘客。more than“多于，超过”；rather than“而不是”；other than“除了”；less than“少于”。本句主语为The driver，故选B项。目录考点二 强调句型要点浓缩1强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。Johns success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years ofhard work that has made him what he is today.约翰的成
10、功与运气无关，是多年的努力让他取得了今天的地位。目录2强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前，特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词is/wasitthat从句”。The patient looks much better.What is it that has made him what he is today.那个病人看上去好多了。是什么让他变成今天这样的呢？3如果原句中含有“not.until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。It was not until they left school that they realized how much their teac
11、hers loved them and helped them.直到他们离开学校后，他们才意识到他们的老师是多么爱他们并给予了他们许多帮助。目录经典品味1(2012高考湖南卷)It was not until I came here _I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.Awho Bthat Cwhere Dbefore 解析：选B。考查强调句型。句意：直到来到这里我才意识到这个地方不仅因为它的美丽而闻名,还因它的天气而闻名.句中出现not until结构，且not与unti
12、l放在一起使用。能够出现这种情况的句型有两种：It is/was not until.that.强调句型；Not until.部分倒装句.根据句子结构可确定答案.此外，我们也可以将It is/was与空格去掉来验证此句是否是一个强调句。目录2(2012高考重庆卷)It was 80 years before ChristopherColumbus crossed the Atlantic_Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.Awhen Bthat Cafter Dsince 解析：选B。考查强调句型。句意：郑和航海到东非比哥伦布横渡大西洋早80年。分析题干可知
13、本句是一个强调句，被强调部分是“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”，根据强调句结构“It is/was被强调部分that剩余部分”可知选B。目录3(2012南京一模)It was shortly after that serious accidenthappened _ all the people involved were caught andquestioned.Asince Bthat Cbefore Dwhen 解析：选B。句意：这场严重的事故发生后不久，涉及其中的所有人都被抓住并被审问。分析句子成分可
14、知，本句是强调句,强调的是“shortly after that serious accident happened”.目录4(2012河南洛阳统考)Excuse me，but _ yousuggest?Awhat is exactlyBis it what exactly Cwhat is it exactly thatDwhat is it exactly 解析：选C。句意：对不起，你的确切建议是什么？这里是强调句型的特殊疑问句形式,被强调部分是suggest的宾语.目录考点三 倒装要点浓缩1完全倒装(1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now,then，up，do
15、wn，in，away，off，out，in the room,on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。John opened the door.There stood a girl he had neverseen before.约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away fled the thief.听到狗的狂叫声，小偷逃掉了。目录【温馨提示】上述情况中,若主语是人称代词,则不用倒装.Away they went.他们走了。(2)表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语连系动词主语”。Present at the
16、meeting were some scientists from China.许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。Gone are the days when we were poor.我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。目录2部分倒装(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时.(2011高考湖南卷)Only after they had discussed the matterfor several hours did they reach a decision.直到他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才做出决定。(2)否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldo
17、m，scarcely，rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，onno condition等置于句首时。目录(2012高考江西卷)Never before has she seen anybody whocan play tennis as well as Robert.她以前从来没见过其他人打网球像Robert打得那么好。Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for
18、 him.直到他离开家，他才开始知道家庭对他来说有多么重要.(3)hardly.when.，no sooner.than.，not only.but also.等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。目录The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only was teachers energy saved，but students became more interested in the lessons.电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂感兴趣了。(4)so/neither/nor置于句首，
19、意为“也(不)”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，要用部分倒装，其句型为：so/neither/norbe/助动词/情态动词主语.。Since my return to China，I havent seen my host mother in America，nor have I heard from her.自从我回到中国之后就没有见过我在美国的房东妈妈，也没有收到她的来信。目录【温馨提示】so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓不倒装.It is too hot.So it is.天太热了。是啊，的确很热。(5)在so.that.和such.that.句式中，如果so或such引导的部
20、分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。So frightened was she that she could not say a word.她如此害怕以至于一句话也说不出来。Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以致于受到了表扬。目录(6)as，though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形as/though主语其他。Unsatisfied though he was with the payment，he took the jobjust to
21、 get some work experience.虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是他为了得到一些工作经验还是接受了它。Try as he would，he might fail again.尽管他还会试，但可能还会失败。目录经典品味1(2012高考山东卷)I dont know about you，but Im sickand tired of this weather._.I cant stand all this rain.AI dont care BIts hard to say CSo am IDI hope so 解析：选C。考查情景交际。句意：“我不知道你怎么样,不过我对这样的
22、天气厌烦透了。”“我也是。我受不了整天阴雨连绵。”由题干中的关键信息I cant stand all this rain.可知答话者对前一个人对天气的抱怨持相同的看法，故选C，相当于：Im also sick and tired of this weather.A项表示“我不在乎”；B项表示“很难说”；D项表示“我希望如此”，均不符合语境。目录2(2012高考辽宁卷)Not until he retired from teachingthree years ago _ having a holiday abroad.Ahe had consideredBhad he considered Ch
23、e consideredDdid he consider 解析：选D。考查倒装。表达否定意义的连词短语位于句首时运用部分倒装，因此可以排除A、C两项。再分析句子结构可知，本空所在的是主句部分，结合从句时态可知主句用一般过去时态。句意：直到三年前从教学上退休后他才考虑到国外度假。诸如倒装、虚拟语气这样的语法题，我们要熟记规则。目录3(2012高考天津卷)Only after Mary read her compositionthe second time _ the spelling mistake.Adid she notice Bshe noticed Cdoes she notice Ds
24、he has noticed 解析：选A。考查倒装。句意：只有到玛丽再次读她的作文之后她才注意到这个拼写错误。“only状语从句”放于句首时，主句须用倒装语序。after引导的是时间状语从句，接在only之后，放于句首，所以主句要用倒装，可排除B、D两项。而且根据语境知read和notice都是过去发生的动作,所以答案为A。目录4(2012郑州第一次质量预测)In the dark forests _,some of which are large enough to hold several small towns.Aare lying many lakes Bdo many lakes l
25、ie Cmany lakes lie Dlie many lakes 解析：选D。根据句意可知此处是一般性的描述，故应用一般现在时。作地点状语的介词短语放在句首，且主语为名词时，句子使用完全倒装。目录5(2012安徽皖南八校第一次联考)Amazingly，ZhuoJun got first place for the“Chinas Got Talent”(中国达人秀)last night.So wonderfully _in the show that he deserved it.Adid he performBhad he performed Che performedDhe had pe
26、rformed 解析：选A。so位于句首时句子要部分倒装,由于对话双方都在谈论过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时,将助动词did提前.目录考点四 反意疑问句及其他要点浓缩1句型：祈使句and/or简单句(多用将来时)祈使句and简单句表示“如果，就”祈使句or简单句表示“否则”“Only two centimeters higher，and you will break theworld record，”encouraged the coach.“再高两厘米，你将打破世界纪录”，教练鼓励说。(2011高考辽宁卷)Bring the flowers into a warm room andtheyl
27、l soon open.将花放到暖和的房间里，他们将会很快开放。目录(2012长春第一调研)Start out right away，or youll miss thelast train.马上动身，否则你会赶不上最后一班火车的。2反意疑问句(1)祈使句式反意疑问句 肯定的祈使句，简短问句用will you，wont you。否定的祈使句，简短问句用will you，有时也可用can you,cant you，could you。lets和let us引导的祈使句:lets建议、征询,含听话者在内,故简短问句用shall we；let us建议、征询，不含听话者在内,故简短问句用will yo
28、u，wont you。如：目录Lets go out for a walk after supper，shall we?晚饭后我们散散步，好吗？(2)主从复合句，与主句的主谓语保持一致。(2011高考重庆卷)I told them not everybody could run asfast as you did，didnt I?我告诉他们并不是每个人和你跑得一样快，对吗？3当陈述部分是I(We)think/believe/expect/suppose加从句时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。I dont think anyone can finish the experiment，can
29、they?我认为并非人人都能完成实验，对吗？目录经典品味1(2012高考湖南卷)Close the door of fear behind you,and you _ the door of faith open before you.Asaw Bhave seen Cwill see Dare seeing 解析：选C。考查“祈使句and简单句”结构。句意:关闭你身后的恐惧之门，你就会看到信念之门在你的面前打开。本题用了“祈使句and简单句”句式.在该句式中,祈使句在语意上相当于if条件句，后面的简单句常用一般将来时。故选C项。目录2(2012高考江苏卷)There is little do
30、ubt in your mind that he is innocent，_？Ais there Bisnt there Cis he Disnt he 解析：选A。考查反意疑问句。空格前的部分为一个主从复合句，主句为there is little doubt,that引导的是同位语从句,修饰doubt。反意疑问部分应该和主句一致，C、D两项可先排除。主句中有否定词little，所以反意疑问部分应使用肯定结构，故选A。目录3(2012郑州第一次质量预测)Please do me a favor_Mr.Smith of the date and place of our English spee
31、chcontest.Ato inform Binforming Cinform Dinformed 解析：选C.句意:请帮我个忙通知史密斯先生我们英语演讲比赛的日期和地点.破折号后面表示解释说明,应用祈使句.目录4(2012山东临沂一模)You had a big cake only half an hourago；you cant be hungry now，_？Acan youBhad you Care youDdid you 解析：选C。由于句中的can是表示推测，是对现在情况的推测，其反问句要对事实进行反问，故用are。目录模 拟 演 练 能 力 提 升目录本部分内容讲解结束 按ESC键退出全屏播放