1、专题一 名 词 怎么考1.主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力；2.名词的一词多义与熟词生义；3.语篇填空及短文改错中，主要涉及名词的单复数、名词的固定搭配、主谓一致等。怎么学 在记忆单词时，一定要结合语境体会其意义。掌握名词的熟词新义重在多阅读、多积累。怎么解 理解上下语境，明析考查目的，然后确定答案。.体验考向 单句语法填空 1.(2016 全国卷)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires,Asias biggest building,and fancy new hotels.But for touristslike me,pandas are its t
2、op_(attract).2.(2016全国卷)The nursery team switches him every few_(day)with his sister.3.(2015全国卷)What makes the adobe dwellings admirable istheir _(able)to“air condition”a house without usingelectric equipment.4.(2015全国卷)Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place fortourists seeking the limestone mountai
3、n tops and dark waters of theLi River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese_(painting).5.(2015江苏卷)Some schools will have to make_(adjust)inagreement with the national soccer reform.6.(2015江苏卷)Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.Id like to，but Im afraid she wont be happy with my_(apologize).7
4、.(2015 浙 江 卷)One of the most effective ways to reduce_(stressful)is to talk about feelings with someone youtrust.8.(2015安徽卷)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Giveit some _(think)and then let me know.9.(2014全国卷)While there are amazing stories of instanttransformation，for most of us the _(ch
5、ange)aregradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up apolluted river.10.(2014辽宁卷)Unbelievable！Oh.，if you dont mind，Illstop and take a deep _(breathe).答案 1.attraction 空格前有形容词和物主代词，因此要用其名词形式。2.days few作来修饰可数名词复数，故答案为days。3.ability 考查词性。空前面是形容词性物主代词their，其后面需要用名词。4.paintings 在如此多的中国绘画中
6、。painting意为“图片，图画”，是可数名词，由于前有many，故使用其复数形式。5.adjustments 句意：为了与国家足球改革相一致，一些学校将做出调整。固定表达make adjustments做出调整。6.apology/apologies 句意：去和你的妈妈说对不起，Dave。我想，但我怕妈妈不会接受我的道歉。作介词with的宾语和my的修饰语要用名词形式。7.stress 句意：减少压力最有效的方法之一是与信任的人谈谈你的感受。作动词reduce的宾语要用名词形式，stress压力，紧张，为不可数名词。8.thought 句意：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。思考一下，然后让我知
7、道。some后应跟名词，thought想法。9.changes 考查名词变复数。根据本句中谓语部分是系动词are，说明主语应该是一个复数形式的名词，所以使用changes。10.breath take a deep breath意为“深呼吸”，这与上文中的Ill stop相呼应。.考点集训 集训 单句语法填空 1.(2016全国卷)Handle the most important tasks first so youllfeel a real sense of _(achieve).2.(2016全国卷)Recent_(study)show that we are farmore produ
8、ctive at work if we take short breaks regularly.3.(2014安徽卷)Why not buy a second-hand car first if youdont have enough money for a new one?Thats a good_(suggest).4.(2016南昌二模)In keeping a diary in English，we certainlyrun up against many _(difficulty).5.(2016淄博高三二模)He lost all his _(key)to the doors，so
9、 he had to get them opened by force.6.(2016滕州5月模拟)For several weeks，Mrs.Edwards hoped tobe one of the lucky _(housewife)like many of her friends.7.(2016潍坊二模)They took some _(photo)when theyvisited China.8.(2016太原模拟)The little boy ate so many _(potato)and so much meat that he threw up at dawn.9.The _
10、(girl)shoes were covered with mud，so I askedthem to take them off before they got into _(Tom)car.10.There are twenty-three _(man)teachers in our school.答案 1.achievement 2.studies 3.suggestion 4.difficulties 5.keys 6.housewives 7.photos 8.potatoes 9.girls；Toms 10.men 集训 根据提示，完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵，在语境中体会名词的用
11、法。Robots used for housework were tested out in some_1_(family).Tony，one of the _2_(robot)，looked like a talland handsome man with smooth black hair，speaking in a deepvoice.Larry was going to be away from home.Also，_3_(curious)drove him to have a try on such a new thing.So he hired arobot to accompan
12、y his wife Claire.Claire didnt like the idea atthe beginning，but she agreed to it at last.At the first sight of Tony，Claire felt embarrassed.Gradually，Tony began to win the_4_(hostess)trust.He helped Claire realize her dreams bymaking her home elegant，giving her a new haircut，changingthe make-up she
13、 wore and giving her _5_(advise)on her _6_(person)dresses.Therefore at the party all her guests who wereinvited were filled with _7_(admire)when they saw her housewas completely changed.After the test，the company was satisfiedwith _8_(Tony)report and believed it was _9_ successbecause he had success
14、fully made a woman regain her _10_(confident)and fall in love with him.答案 1.families 2.robots 3.curiosity 4.hostess 5.advice 6.personal 7.admiration 8.Tonys 9.a10.confidence 知识胸有成竹 一、名词数的4点常识 1.以-o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加-s，但中学英语中下列名词要加-es，它们是：黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。但下列以-o结
15、尾的名词既可以加-es，也可以加-s，它们是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos(mosquitoes)蚊子，volcanos(volcanoes)火山。2.以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加-s，但下列以-f或-fe结尾的名词需要把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是：为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。但下列以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves，也可以直接加-s，它们是：handkerchiefs(han
16、dkerchieves)手帕，scarfs(scarves)围巾。3.合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如：sons-in-law女婿；passers-by过路人；story-tellers讲故事的人；breakfasts早餐；housewives家庭主妇。4.有些名词单复数同形，它们是：一个靠养绵羊(sheep)为生的中国人(Chinese)和一个靠打鹿(deer)为生的日本人(Japanese)，来到了一个十字路口(crossroads)。他们看到周围有许多工厂(works)，它们用一系列(series)的促销方式(means
17、)来提高鱼(fish)和水果(fruit)的销量。二、名词格的2个常考点 1.如果一个事物为两个人所有，只在后一个名词的词尾加“s”，如果不是共有，就要在两个名词的词尾都加上“s”。如：Tom and Mikes room(共 有)，Toms andMikes books(不共有)。2.名词的双重所有格 当表示所有格的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用“名词ofs”形式，这种结构被称为双重所有格，一般表示“所有关系”。三、抽象名词的具体化 表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有：单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义 success 成
18、功 成功的人或事 pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事 attraction 吸引 有吸引力的人或事物 beauty 美；美丽 美丽的人或事物 comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物 danger 危险 危险的人或因素 delight 高兴 令人高兴的事 failure 失败 失败的人或事物 surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情 shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情 pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情 drink 饮料 一杯饮料 集训 单句改错 1.(2015全国卷)One day，little Tony went to a shoppingcenter with his parent
19、._ 2.(2015全国卷)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier anddirtier._ 3.(2015浙江卷)My old classroom was interesting because threeside of the classroom were made from glass._ 4.(2015四川卷)As I told you last time，I made three new friendhere._5.(2015陕西卷)Mum taught me some basic step of baking.Iinsisted on d
20、oing most of the baking myself._ 6.(2014浙江卷)Yet，they had so quickly offered the strangers theirhelp._ 7.(2014全国卷)For example，we can do reading for one and ahalf hour and play sports for one hour every day._ 8.(2014四川卷)Stay close to your teacher and classmate._ 9.(2014全国卷)Since thenfor all these year
21、we had beenallowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please._ 10.(2013全国卷)When tea got popular in Britain，there was acryingneedforgoodcupwithhandlestosuitBritishhabits._ 答案 1.parentparents 根据下文可知托尼是和他的爸爸妈妈一起出来的，所以用复数形式。2.airsair air意为“空气”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。3.sidesides 由数词three可知用复数。4.friendfriends 根据修饰词
22、three可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。5.stepsteps 根据some(一些)可知用复数。6.strangersstranger 此处特指“丢失车票的那个陌生人”，应该是一个人，故用单数形式。7.hourhours 此处指一个半小时，所以用hour的复数形式。8.classmateclassmates 考查名词。和你的老师和同学们待在一起。可知此处要用复数形式。9.yearyears 本句前面的形容词these常常修饰可数名词复数形式，所以使用名词years。10.cupcups 根据文章可知cup应用复数形式。集训 奔向高考 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词
23、的正确形式。(2015全国卷)Yangshuo，China It was raining lightly when I _1_(arrive)in Yangshuo justbefore dawn.But I didnt care.A few hours _2_，Id been athome in Hong Kong，with _3_(it)choking smog.Here，the airwas clean and fresh，even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for touristsseeking the l
24、imestone mountain tops and dark waters of the LiRiver_4_arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_5_(painting).Instead，Id headed straight for Yangshuo.Forthose who fly to Guilin，its only an hour away _6_ car andoffers all the scenery of the better-known city.Yangshuo _7_(be)really beautiful.A study of tra
25、velers_8_(conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo asone of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it _9_(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people_10_(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.答案 1.arrived 2.before/earlier 3.its 4.that/which 5.paintings 6.by 7.is 8.conducted 9.regularly 10.Living