1、达标检测单句语法填空1(2020新高考卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,formed the core collection of the British Museum _which/that opened in 1759解析：考查定语从句。句意：例如，汉斯斯隆爵士的 8 万件藏品构成了 1759 年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是 the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词 which/that 引导。故填 which/that。2(2020天津
2、卷改编)Dr.Rowan,_whose secretary resigned two weeks ago,has had to do all his own typing.解析：考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。_ secretary resigned two weeks ago 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 Dr.Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr.Rowans”，表示“的”，应用关系代词 whose 引导该从句。故填whose。3(2020江苏卷改编)Many lessons are now available online,from _which
3、students can choose for free.解析：考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是 many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词 from 的宾语，应使用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。4(2020新课标卷)In ancient China lived an artist _whose paintings were almost lifelike.解析：考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 artist，且关系词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词
4、whose。故填 whose。5(2019新课标卷)They were well trained by their masters _who had great experience with caring for these animals.解析：考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为 masters(主人)，且从句缺主语。故关系词填 who。6(2019浙江卷)On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth _that/which gives off light in the d
5、ark.解析：考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是 cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用 that 或 which 引导。故填 that/which。7(2019北京卷)The students benefiting most from college are those _who are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.解析：考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。_ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词 those，空格处在句中作主语，
6、代指人。故填 who。8(2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014_that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.解析：考查定语从句的关系词。此处 a study 是先行词，定语从句关系词在定语从句中作主语。故填 that/which。9(2019江苏卷改编)We have e
7、ntered into an age _when dreams have the best chance of coming true.解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为 an age(一个时代)，且从句中缺少时间状语，所以关系词用 when。10(2019天津卷改编)Their child is at the stage _where she can say individual words but not full sentences.解析：考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中 she can
8、 say individual words but not full sentences 是一个定语从句，先行词是 the stage，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词 where。11(2019新课标 II 卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 a.m.to 5 p.m.daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，_which she opened with her late husband Les.解析：考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为 the pet shop，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作 opened 一词
9、的宾语，故用 which。12(2017全国卷)But Sarah,_who has taken part in shows along with top models,wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.解析：引导词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且指人，故用 who。13(浙江)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,_
10、where it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长)through it.解析：考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的先行词 the garden，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用 where 引导该定语从句。14(全国)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,_when I was the first Western TV reporter
11、permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.解析：先行词是表示时间的 the mid-1980s，且从句中缺少状语，故填关系副词 when。15(全国)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,_who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the development of chopsticks.解析：所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行
12、词指人，且在从句中作主语。故填 who。单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误)1(2020新课标卷)Thank you for your letter,what really made me happy._what 改为 which解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：谢谢你的来信，你的信真正让我开心。分析句子，逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 your letter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将 what 改为 which。2(2020新课标卷)Understanding her good intentions,I eat all the food
13、what is provided by Mom with appreciation._what 改为 that解析：考查定语从句。句意：出于对妈妈好意的理解，我满怀感激地吃着妈妈提供的所有食物。这里含有一个定语从句，先行词是 all the food，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可用that 或 which，先行词被 all 所修饰，只能使用 that，不能使用 which，且 what 不能引导定语从句，所以 what 改为 that。3(2018全国卷)They also had a small pond,which they raised fish._which 前加 in 或改为 wh
14、ere解析：考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处 a small pond 是先行词，后面的定语从句缺少地点状语，故用 in which 或 where。4(新课标全国)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner,that might not be served until 8 oclock at night._thatwhich解析：此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 dinner，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用which 而不能用 that。5(重庆)There,
15、Katia will introduce me to some of her friends,one of who has been to China several times._whowhom解析：因为关系词指人，并且作 of 的宾语，只能用 whom，不能用 who。6(2019 全国高考卷)In the cafe,customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them._yourselves 改为 themselves解析：本句考查代词的用法。customers 是句子
16、的主语，故把 yourselves 改为 themselves。7(全国卷)Around me in this picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments._theywhich/that解析：things 是先行词，后面是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，故引导词用 that 或 which。语法填空There was a time 1._when I was tired of learning English and disl
17、iked to speak English.And this was the reason 2._why my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club，3._ where I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortu
18、nately,my guide,4._whose teacher was Yu Minhong,communicated with me face to face,from 5._which I gained some useful instructions.He also showed me a good partner,and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set dow
19、n a series of activities 6._that/which we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide,7._who encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into 8._which I put my entire energy.Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English disc
20、ussions.Before I go to sleep,I recall the passages，through 9._which I can memorize a large number of new words.10._As our English teacher says，“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance,you will conquer English sooner or later.”文章大意：本文为记叙文，叙述了作者参加俱乐部的难忘经历。在那里作
21、者遇到了一位好老师，那位老师使作者对英语学习产生了兴趣。作者还养成了学习英语的好习惯。解析：1句意：有一段时间，我讨厌学英语并且不喜欢说英语。There was a time when“有一段时间”。故填 when。2This is/was the reason why“这就是的原因”。故填 why。3先行词是 the club，关系词在从句中作地点状语。故填 where。4先行词是 my guide，代入定语从句后为：My guides teacher was Yuminhong.由此可见，先行词与 teacher 之间是所属关系。故填 whose。5先行词为句子“My guide comm
22、unicated with me face to face”，关系词在定语从句中作介词 from 的宾语，且 from 提前。故填 which。6先行词是 activities，且定语从句中缺宾语。故填关系代词 that/which。7先行词为 My father and the guide，关系词在定语从句中作主语，且指“人”，所以用who 引导。故填 who。8先行词为 English,关系词在定语从句中作介词 into 的宾语，且介词 into 已被提前。故填 which。9句意：每天入睡前我总是回忆学的文章，通过这种方法，我能记住大量的英语生词。先行词为 I recall the pa
23、ssages，关系词在定语从句中作介词 through 的宾语，且介词已被提前。故填 which。10句意：正如我们英语老师所说的：“只要你们养成每天学英语的习惯并且坚持不懈，你们迟早会征服英语。”非限制性定语从句置于句首，后面引号内直接引语的内容为先行词，且关系词在定语从句中作宾语。故填 as 引导。短文改错A cave there were over 200 paintings was discovering in Australia eight years ago.To peoples surprises,the cave was found by chance on a day whe
24、re some people were walking in the area.Some of the paintings were at least 3,000 years old.However,the site of the cave was so very difficult to reach that it takes a long time before researchers could visit it.The reason that the exact location of the site is kept secret is that the cave needs to
25、be protected from being visited by visitors which dont realize how easy it is to damage the paintings.The paintings in that people and animals can still be seen today is extreme valuable.答案：A cave wherethere were over 200 paintings was discoveringdiscoveredin Australia eight years ago.To peoples sur
26、prisessurprise，the cave was found by chance on a day wherewhensome people were walking in the area.Some of the paintings were at least 3,000 years old.However,the site of the cave was sovery difficult to reach that it takestooka long time before researchers could visit it.The reason thatwhythe exact location of the site is kept secret is that the cave needs to be protected from being visited by visitors whichwho/thatdont realize how easy it is to damage the paintings.The paintings in thatwhichpeople and animals can still be seen today is extremeextremelyvaluable.
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