1、语法专题突破 专题十 名词性从句达标检测单句语法填空1(2020浙江卷)Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on _what could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 解析：考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么
2、”之意。故填what。2(2020天津卷改编)The student completed this experiment to make come true _what Professor Joseph had said. 解析：考查名词性从句。句意：这个学生完成了该实验，使约瑟夫教授所说的话成为现实。make sth. come true“使成为现实”，本句中sth. 较长，故放到了come true之后。分析句子结构可知，make后缺宾语，故空格处引导宾语从句且在从句中作had said的宾语因此应用what引导该从句。3(2020江苏卷改编)It is not a problem _wh
3、ether we can win the battle; its just a matter of time. 解析：考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。句中not a problem暗示空格处表示“是否”。故填whether。4(2020江苏卷改编)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for _whatever . 解析：考查名词性从句。句意：这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两
4、个技巧，然后全力以赴。分析句子成分可知，此处做goes for的宾语，指代“任何事情”，whatever“无论什么”符合语境。5(2018全国卷)Im not sure _who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 解析：考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定谁更害怕，我还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示“谁”，故用who。6(全国)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exact
5、ly _how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 解析：分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词thick及结构可知，这里的意思是印第安人算出土坯墙的确切厚度。空格后为形容词，因此空格上应用副词。故填how。7(广东)We were told that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, but for the week after. I didnt understand _why this would happen and
6、my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. 解析：分析句子结构可知，此处为宾语从句。由语境可知，此处意为：我不明白为什么会发生这样的事。故填why。8(广东)The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered _what the boy would do. 解析：所填词引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作do的宾语。故填what。9(2019全国卷)While they are rare north o
7、f 88，there is evidence _that they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 解析：考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容。故填that。10(2019江苏卷)Scientists have obtained more evidence _that plastic is finding its way into the human body. 解析：考查同位
8、语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1(全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. _thatwhere 解析：由句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。2(全国卷)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents
9、 were missing. _wherethat或去掉where 解析：句意为：他转过身发现父母不见了。由句意可知，宾语从句句意完整且不缺少成分，所以应该用that引导从句或省略。3(四川)If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately. _去掉when 解析：that 后为陈述式的宾语从句。作notice的宾语，从句意义完整且不缺成分，因此when是多余的，应删除。4(2018全国卷)The games my parents taught me where I was a c
10、hild turned out to be very useful later in my life. _wherewhen 解析：考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语，而是时间状语。故把where改为when。5(大纲全国)This is how I need to improve in the future. _howwhat/where 解析：improve既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词，故可以为“我需要提高的地方(where)”，也可以为“我需要提高的内容(what)”。6(辽宁)“He
11、has ruined his health. We are worried about him. ” That is which other teachers say. _whichwhat 解析：what作say的宾语，指其他老师说话的内容。语法填空I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today. This afternoon a poorly-dressed gentleman came into my restaurant. Nobody knew 1. _who he w
12、as. We wondered 2. _why he was so hungry. We were surprised 3. _that he finished two orders of food in a very limited time. We doubted 4. _whether/if the man was able to pay the bill. The gentleman asked 5. _whether/if we would mind waiting for just a few minutes. Then we were shocked to see 6. _tha
13、t he took out of a million pound bank note. I asked Mr. Clements 7. _whether/if it was genuine. Mr. Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year. He thought 8. _what the gentleman showed them couldnt be a false. 9. _Why a gentleman with a mill
14、ion pound bank note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there. I really couldnt describe 10. _how excited I was. 文章大意：本文主要讲述了一位衣衫褴褛的人走进一家餐馆，在非常有限的时间完成了两份食物。当人们怀疑这个人是否付得起食物的钱时，他拿出了一张百万英镑的钞票。Clements先生说这个面额的两张钞票是今年英国银行发行的，这一张不可能是假的。解析：1句意：没有人知道他是谁。who引导宾语从句，且
15、在从句中作表语。故根据句意和语法结构填who。2句意：我们想知道为什么他这么饿。why引导宾语从句，在从句中作状语。故填why。3此宾语从句意义完整，从句中也不缺成分，故用that引导。4通常在否定句和疑问句中doubt后接从句时用that引导，而在肯定句中doubt后用whether或if引导。故填whether/if。5根据语境此用whether/if“是否”引导宾语从句。故填whether/if。6see后的宾语从句中句子结构完整，故用that引导。7根据语境，此应用whether/if“是否”引导宾语从句。故填whether/if。8show后接双宾语show sb. sth. ，用w
16、hat作其宾语，同时又引导主语从句。故填what“东西/事情”。9根据下文的a big puzzle的暗示，此处应填引导主语从句的why。10句意：我真的不能描述我有多激动。此how为引导宾语从句的连接副词，其作状语修饰形容词excited。故填how。短文改错I am so glad you can visit me in London. Knowing that youve never travel outside of Asia，Id tell you a bit about you can expect to find. When I first arrived, I found th
17、at London is such a international city. There are many Chinese restaurants, so British people hardly eat Chinese food for breakfast. Most of them get used to bacon or egg with a few slices of toast. Tipping always puzzles me. If you want to avoid to getting confused, you should always leave 10% of t
18、he bill to the service. Besides，its very difficult for our Chinese to understand British humour. So dont be surprised when you dont think anything is funny. The majority of British people is friendly. Anyway, I am so looking forward to your visit there. 答案：I am so glad you can visit me in London. Kn
19、owing that youve never outside of Asia，Id tell you a bit about you can expect to find. When I first arrived, I found that London is such international city. There are many Chinese restaurants, British people hardly eat Chinese food for breakfast. Most of them get used to bacon or with a few slices o
20、f toast. Tipping always puzzles me. If you want to avoid to getting confused, you should always leave 10% of the bill the service. Besides，its very difficult for Chinese to understand British humour. So dont be surprised when you dont think anything is funny. The majority of British people friendly.
21、 Anyway, I am so looking forward to your visit . . 增分写作训练利用从句可以使作文句式灵活多变，使句子生动，请按要求利用三大从句升级以下句式1We are delighted to accept the invitation to play a friendly table tennis match, and it will no doubt strengthen our friendship. (利用非限制性定语从句升级)_We are delighted to accept the invitation to play a friendly
22、 table tennis match, which will no doubt strengthen our friendship._ 2My classmates and I often noticed shared bikes were placed very messily everywhere, so we felt upset and decided to do something. (利用so that 引导状语从句升级)_My classmates and I often noticed shared bikes were placed so messily everywher
23、e that we felt upset and decided to do something._ 3We know that it is one of the most significant festivals for us in Chinese culture. _It is known that it is one of the most significant festivals for us in Chinese culture._ (利用主语从句升级) _What is known is that it is one of the most significant festivals for us in Chinese culture._ (利用主语从句及表语从句升级) _As is known to us, it is one of the most significant festivals for us in Chinese culture._ (利用非限制性定语从句升级)
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