1、第3讲主旨大意类题型概述题型破解1 寻找主题句确定文章大意解题指导文章由段落组成，段落的中心思想服务于文章的中心思想，因此找到每个段落的主题句，总结概括后便不难得出文章的主旨大意。一般情况下，段落的主题句通常在该逻辑段落的首尾，但也有些难度较大的试题会隐含在段落之中，此时要理解全文结构，找到支撑性细节内容。考生速读文首文尾、段首段尾，搜索主题线索及信息便可快速找到主题句，以下为找到主题句的5个小窍门：1.段落中出现表转折的词语(however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等)时，其后的句子通常为主题句；
2、2.首段出现疑问句时，对该句的回答很可能就是主题句；3.作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词(主旨句通常包含关键词)；4.首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后的内容通常为主题句；5.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, in short, conclude, conclusion, thus等词。典例(2019全国卷C篇)Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her ebook as she waits
3、for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtels “me” time. And like more Americans, shes not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. O
4、nly at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like m
5、any of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing hi
6、s lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a firstname basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流). “I reflect on how my days gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said. “Its a chance for selfreflection. You re
7、turn to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesnt feel as a
8、lone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.31What is the text mainly about?AThe trend of having meals alone.BThe importance of selfreflection.CThe stress from working overtime.DThe advantage of wireless techn
9、ology.解析A第一段最后一句，第五段第一句分别是第一段和第五段的主题句，结合全文尤其是第二段的描述及其中反复出现的关键词“eaten alone”，“have breakfast alone”“have lunch by themselves”(一般与主旨相关)，由此可知，本文主要说了独自用餐已经逐渐成为一种趋势，故答案为A。2 通过结构或暗示概括段落大意解题指导1.根据逻辑结构概括段落大意：要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句在段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大
10、意。2.通过暗示揣摩段落大意：有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。典例(2019全国卷D篇)During the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and m
11、ean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a wellexplored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular
12、 into two categories：the likable and the status seekers. The likables playswellwithothers qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jumpstart interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence：statu
13、s born of power and even dishonorable behavior. . 33What is the second paragraph mainly about?AThe classification of the popular.BThe characteristics of adolescents.CThe importance of interpersonal skills.DThe causes of dishonorable behavior.解析A根据第二段第二句可知Dr Prinstein，一位临床心理学教授将受欢迎的人分为两类，第三句和第四句分别用“T
14、he likables . ”和“Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence .”引出后文内容，恰恰就是介绍了受欢迎的两类人：讨人喜欢型和追求地位型。同时本段第二句中的关键词sort . into . (把分成)与A项中的classification相呼应，所以A项可以概括本段大意。3 三大方法定标题解题指导1.最佳标题应具备以下三大特征：概括精准而简洁；针对性强，标题外延与文章内容恰好相符；醒目，能引发读者阅读欲望。2.三大方法：正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；方面否定法：撇开原
15、文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项；研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。典例(2019全国卷D篇)Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each w
16、eek. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? Its turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is
17、designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think theyre close to a solution (解决方案). “We dont give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” sa
18、ys Florence Gold, a project manager.“There are no tests，” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other thanAre you working towards your goal？ Basically, its Ive got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.Engineers come and really
19、do an inperson review, and . its not a very nice thing at times. Its a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I dont teach.” And that an
20、noying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.35What is the best title for the text?ANASA: The Home of AstronautsBSpace: The Final Homework FrontierCNature: An Outdoor ClassroomDHUNCH: A College Admis
21、sion Reform解析B本文主要介绍了一个项目：把高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来，使学生们得到NASA工程师们的指导。因此在选标题时既要有太空，还要有学生，分析选项可知，只有B能将其完美地结合起来，故答案选B。过关检测(限时：35分钟)Next time you go shopping, keep in mind that there may be hidden cameras analyzing your habits. According to a 2015 survey of 150 managers from Computer Services Corporation, a q
22、uarter of British shops use facial recognition software to collect data on shopper behavior.With concerns that facerecognition cameras “are kind of invasive (侵犯的)”， British analysis firm Hoxton Analytics has come up with a new way of measuring footfall (客流量)by filming peoples shoes. The technology c
23、an collect a large amount of personal information. “We have cameras at 50 cm off the ground and they point down so they are less invasive than facial recognition，” Duncan Mann, Hoxtons officer said. As modern cities get fuller70 percent of the population will live in urban areas by 2050cameras and o
24、ther technologies are taking over public spaces and collecting our data. Their purpose is to keep people safe, provide efficient services and prevent disasters and crimes. But some are not happy with the cameras as far as their privacy (隐私) is concerned. “Very few of us have any real concept of what
25、 data smart cities are gathering，” said Renate Samson.We begin giving away data as soon as we wake up. When we enter the transport system, we are giving away even more details about ourselves through smart cards, mobile phones or credit cards.Nick Millman, director at a consulting firm thinks statis
26、tics are the key to the privacy concern. He used the example of Google Maps, which is to monitor the flow of traffic in Stockholm. He explained, “It is basically adding privacy controls to statistics so that you only see the data you need to know about.” In this case, Google gets enough data to impr
27、ove traffic but not so much that it shows individual journey patterns. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讨论了在现代生活中，人们对于个人信息以科技途径泄漏的状况的担忧和可能的解决方法。1What is the article mainly about?AAn introduction to collecting shoppers data.BThe concerns about giving away personal data.CThe problems caused by imbalanced distribution
28、of population.DAn invention recording and collecting customers information.答案：B主旨大意题。第二段第一句中的“With concerns that facerecognition cameras are kind of invasive (侵犯的)”，第四段首句中But后的内容以及第五段关键词“giving away data”并结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是对于泄露个人信息这一问题的担忧，故选B。2The new technology invented by Hoxton Analytics _.Acan gat
29、her a lot of peoples personal data from their shoesBuses cameras fitted on the ground to collect customers dataChas improved the accuracy of facial recognition softwareDoffers a perfect solution to customers privacy concerns答案：A细节理解题。根据第二段前三句可知，Hoxton Analytics公司所发明的新技术通过分析客人的鞋子而收集有关他们的大量个人信息，故选A。3A
30、ccording to the author, cameras in modern cities _.Acause a huge waste of public spacesBhelp reduce the size of population in urban areasCare likely to help improve traffic conditionsDare to avoid crimes and disasters and provide efficient services答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Their purpose is to keep people
31、safe, provide efficient services and prevent disasters and crimes.”可知，作者认为摄像头在现代城市应用是为了避免犯罪、灾难并提供有效服务，故选D。4What is Renate Samsons attitude toward the rise of smart cities?AWorried. BOptimistic.CConfused. DUninterested.答案：A推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，Renate Samson对于智能城市的出现是很担忧的，这与本段最后一句“Very few of us have any
32、real concept of what data smart cities are gathering， said Renate Samson.”呼应，故选A。(2019华中师大附中高三模拟)Those who claim bananas are fattening argue that bananas cause the body to make lots of insulin (胰岛素), and insulin causes fat growth.How much insulin we produce is related to how fast food becomes sugar
33、in our bloodstream. How can you know if food makes a lot of sugar quickly? The glycemic index (血糖指数), or GI rating tells us. Foods with GI scores above 75 are considered highGI foods, leading to faster sugar development. Bananas have a GI of 62, which is considered low.Weight loss can be a struggle
34、for anyone, but it is especially hard for diabetics (糖尿病患者). A study looked at how the starch from unripe bananas affected the weight of a group of obese diabetics. After four weeks of a diet high in bananas, diabetics lost significantly more weight than on a control diet. They also saw improvements
35、 in insulin sensitivity from the banana diet.Whats more, bananas have been shown to cut risks of strokes, diabetes and cancers (Bananas are the most powerful fruit for lowering the risk of kidney cancer.). Bananas are also a rich source of fiber, which has been shown to help weight loss. Bananas tha
36、t still have some green on the skin are even higher in fiber.Skins from green bananas can be taken and, after removing the stem and dark tip, cut into small pieces 23 inches long and 1/2 inch wide. These pieces can be made into a tea or added to a dish. When you eat the skins, be sure you are eating
37、 organic bananas. The flesh of regular bananas is low in pesticides, but the skins are not.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章反驳了“吃香蕉会使人发胖”这一错误观点，告诉大家香蕉不会使身体分泌很多胰岛素而导致脂肪增加，相反，香蕉对身体健康有着诸多好处。5What conclusion can we draw from Paragraphs 1 & 2?ABananas are likely to make people fat.BInsulin determines the amount of sugar.
38、CLowGI foods can turn into sugar more slowly.DThe faster the food becomes sugar, the less insulin.答案：C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“How can you know if food makes a lot of sugar quickly? The glycemic index (血糖指数) . faster sugar development. Bananas have a GI of 62, which is considered low.”可知，血糖指数高的食物往往能更快地转化成糖分，反之
39、，血糖指数低的食物转化成糖分的速度较慢。故选C。6What does the author say about bananas?AIncluding bananas in diets is good for health.BBananas can cure people suffering kidney cancer.CEating organic bananas protect people from strokes.DBananas abundant fiber improves insulin sensitivity.答案：A推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“After four week
40、s of a diet high in bananas, diabetics lost significantly more weight than on a control diet. They also saw improvements in insulin sensitivity from the banana diet”及第四段中的“bananas have been shown to cut risks of strokes, diabetes and cancers . weight loss”可知，香蕉可以帮助人们减肥，也能降低人们患中风、糖尿病及癌症的风险，由此可得出这样的结论
41、：将香蕉列入日常饮食对人们的健康有益，故选A。7What is discussed in the last paragraph?AThe use of banana skins. BThe benefits of banana skins.CThe importance of banana skins. DThe ways of choosing organic bananas.答案：A段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“. can be made into a tea or added to a dish”可知，本段主要讲的是香蕉皮的用途。故选A。8In which section of
42、a newspaper can we read this passage?AEducation. BHealth.CCulture. DScience.答案：B推理判断题。纵观全文可知，香蕉不仅有助于减肥，还能降低人们患中风、糖尿病及癌症的风险，而且香蕉皮也有用处。由此可知，本文最有可能出现在报纸的健康专栏。故选B。(2019北京高考)By the end of the century, if not sooner, the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a n
43、ew study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentratio
44、n of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the oceans appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these orga
45、nisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and car
46、bon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MITs Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3， it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.
47、 The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean chan
48、ging，” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect
49、the food chain.Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “Itll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，” Dutkiewicz said, “bu
50、t the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。调查表明，由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。9What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?AThe various patterns at the ocean surface.BThe cause of the changes in ocean colour.CThe
51、way light reflects off marine organisms.DThe efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.答案：B段落大意题。文章第一段点题：由于气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。第二段介绍由于光从生物体反射的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案；气候变化又使得这些浮游植物在某些区域加速生长而在其他地方有所减少，导致海洋表面的颜色变化。由此可知前两段讲了海洋颜色变化的原因，故B项正确。10What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 p
52、robably mean?ASensitive. BBeneficial.CSignificant. DUnnoticeable.答案：A词义猜测题。画线词后一句提到，气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点并能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们要生长不仅仅需要阳光和二氧化碳，也需要营养。由此可知，这些浮游植物对海洋变暖很敏感，故A项正确。11What can we learn from the passage?APhytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.BDutkiewiczs model aims to project phyto
53、plankton changes.CPhytoplankton have been used to control global climate.DOceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.答案：D推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到这些浮游植物是海洋食物链的基础，如果某些种类的浮游植物消失了，会影响能存活的鱼的类型，从而影响海洋食物链，并结合文章第四段倒数第二句可知浮游植物多的区域海水会变得更绿，故D项正确。12What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo assess the consequenc
54、es of ocean colour changes.BTo analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.CTo explain the effects of climate change on oceans.DTo introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.答案：C主旨大意题。通读全文并由第二段最后一句，第四段第一句及最后一段第二句(主旨句及关键词)可知，文章主要论述了随着气候变暖，全球的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，即气候变化对海洋有影响，故C项正确。3D printing is becomin
55、g more and more popular. We are now able to create things we need very quickly and easily using 3D prinlers. But can you imagine printing food?Some scientists are trying to revolutionize the dining experience by doing this. They hope that having a 3D printer in the kitchen will be as common as the m
56、icrowave oven or blender.Scientists say that itll be quite easy: you simply have to sclect a recipe and put the raw food inks into the printer. You can also modify the instructions to make the food exactly how you want it. This means that it would be very quick and easy to create tasty and nutritiou
57、s meals.Using 3D printers to create your meals would also be saving the environment. There would be less need for traditional growing, transporting and packaging processes as food production would be a lot more efficient. For example, alternative ingredients (原料) such as proteins from algae, beetroo
58、t leaves and insects could be converted into tasty products.Printing food could also help people who suffer from dysphasia (a swallowing disorder). They could program the printer to print softer versions of their favorite foods so that they would not have trouble in swallowing them.However, some peo
59、ple think that a future of 3D food printing would be a disaster. It could take away many jobs, including those for growing, transporting and packaging food. Imagine a world where there was no need for farming or growing crops and the same tastes could be printed from a raw “food ink”. Likewise, trad
60、itional cafes and restaurants might lose business. Also, there are concerns about the nutritional value of printed food: is it really possible to be get the nutrients we need from foodbased inks and gels (凝胶)?Whats more, cooking and eating together with family and friends has long been a traditional
61、 and enjoyable activity. It is hard to imagine a world where the pleasure of cooking is dead and meals can be created at the touch of a button.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一项新技术3D食物打印，它是一种能像打印文件一样把食物“印”出来的技术。13Which of the following best describe 3D food printing?AQuick and popular. BEasy and efficient.CNutri
62、tious and tasty. DSoft and convenient.答案：B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“This means that it would be very quick and easy to create tasty and nutritious meals.”可知，3D食物打印很快、很容易就能创造出好吃、有营养的食物。故选B。14Why do some think that 3D food printing would be a disaster?ATraditional food would disappear.BMany people could lose th
63、eir jobs.CIt would affect the peoples health.DWe could all eat the same food.答案：B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段前两句可知，一些人认为3D食物打印在未来将会是一个灾难，因为它会抢人们的饭碗比如食物的种植、运输、打包工作，故选B。15What can we infer from the last paragraph?A3D food printing will replace traditional cooking.BThe future of 3D food printing is uncertain.CIt woul
64、d hurt our tradition of food culture.D3D food printing would be a failure.答案：C推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，烹饪和聚餐是人类的传统活动，很难想象3D食物打印带来的按钮世界，在此，烹饪的乐趣完全丧失。由此可推知，3D食物打印的应用会破坏我们的传统饮食文化。故选C。16Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A3D Food Printing: Coming to the KitchenBCan 3D Printing Create Everyt
65、hing?C3DPrinting Food Will Be in Fashion!DThe Disadvantages of 3D Food Printing答案：A标题判断题。通读全文并结合主题句：第一段和第二段的最后一句可知，本文讲述了一项新技术即将进入厨房的3D食物打印。故选A。强化特训5主旨大意类(限时：25分钟)1Ambar presses her hand to her forehead as she considers the question on her screen: how many sevens in 91? The tenyearold has been strugg
66、ling with it for about a minute when she smiles, “13！” Her tutor responds by posting a large smiling cat picture on her screenthe virtual (虚拟的) meaning of a pat on the back. He is sitting on the other side of the world in an online tutoring centre in India.Ambar, who attends Pakeman Primary School i
67、n London, is one of nearly 4,000 primary school children in Britain that have signed up for weekly onetoone maths sessions with tutors based in India and Sri Lanka. The lessons, provided by a company called Third Space Learning, are targeted at pupils struggling with mathsparticularly those from dis
68、advantaged backgrounds.From next year, the platform will become one of the first examples of artificial intelligence (AI) software being used to monitor, and ideally improve, teaching. Together with some British scientists, the company has analysed around 100,000 hours of audio and written data from
69、 its tutorials (辅导课) with the goal of identifying what makes a good teacher and a successful lesson.Tom Hooper, the companys CEO, said, “Weve recorded every lesson that weve ever done. By using the data, weve been trying to introduce AI to improve the teaching.” But he argued that the aim is not to
70、replace teachers with robots. “Theres a slightly dubious (不确定的) conversation about how AI will make humans irrelevant, but its not at all about replacing humans，” he said. “Our whole belief is that for children not doing well in the subject, people are what matters.”Pupils on the program have a 45mi
71、nute session with the same tutor each week. They communicate through a headset and a shared “whiteboard”. The lessons at Pakeman Primary School are tailored to the individual, including visual rewards linked to the childs interests. In addition to the raw audio data, each lesson has various success
72、metrics attached: how many problems are completed, how useful the pupil finds the session, how the tutor rates it.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。数学成绩不好怎么办？没关系。坐在家里，你就可以享受高科技公司Third Space Learning为你提供的一对一网上教学服务。1Why does the author mention Ambar in the beginning?ATo praise her tutor.BTo show her struggle with maths.C
73、To introduce a company.DTo encourage pupils to learn maths online.答案：C推理判断题。第一段提到了Ambar在网上接受一对一的数学教学，该网上家教中心位于世界的另一端印度。由此引出下文介绍的一家公司Third Space Learning。故作者在文章一开始提到Ambar是为了引出这家公司。2What do we know about Third Space Learning?AIt makes good teachers and lessons.BIt is aimed at students from poor backgr
74、ounds.CIt is being used to monitor and improve teaching.DIt provides online maths lessons for schoolchildren.答案：D推理判断题。根据第二段中的“signed up for weekly onetoone maths sessions with tutors based in India and Sri Lanka . are targeted at pupils struggling with maths”可知，Third Space Learning为小学生提供网上一对一的数学课程，
75、故选D项。3Which may Tom Hooper agree with?AAI makes man irrelevant.BAI is beneficial to teaching.CRobots are smarter than man.DRobots will replace humans.答案：B推理判断题。根据第四段中的“By using the data, weve been trying to introduce AI to improve the teaching.”可知，Hooper认为AI对教学是有好处的，故选B项。根据本段中的“Theres a slightly dub
76、ious (不确定的) conversation about how AI will make humans irrelevant, but its not at all about replacing humans”可排除A项。4What is the last paragraph mainly about?AWhat is taught in the lesson?BHow is the lesson taught?CWho learns the lesson?DWhy is the lesson taught?答案：B段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段主要介绍了这种课的教学模式。故
77、选B项。2Boom said at the Paris Air Show Tuesday that passengers could fly between London and New York aboard a supersonic (超音速的) commercial airplane in about 2.5 hours within the next six years. The company also aims to shuttle passengers from San Francisco to Tokyo in 5.5 hours, vs the current 11hour
78、travel time. Flights from Los Angeles to Sydney would take just under 7 hours, compared with the current 15 hours.“Airlines are eager to find something new and different to offer their passengersand were thrilled that major world airlines share our idea of a future of faster, more accessible superso
79、nic travel，” Blake Scholl, Booms founder, said at the show. Five airlines have already placed more than 70 orders for Booms fasterthansound passenger airliners, the company announced.Some experts, however, are skeptical that Boom can make its idea a reality and offer a product that makes financial s
80、ense. “The European aircraft Concorde, which ended its transatlantic supersonic flight in 2003, was never commercially workable, and with an airfare of $20,000, appealed to only a very narrow slice of travelers，” said Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. “Fuel economy, unproven technology, and r
81、egulations against supersonic commercial flight are key difficulties Boom faces，” Mann said.There are also some travel limitations. The United States and many other countries do not allow supersonic commercial flights over land, because of the loud shock wave that can be annoying to communities belo
82、w. But a Boom spokesman said that its passenger airliner is being designed to minimize the noise it makes and that Boom will work to change those regulations.The company said that it will succeed where Concorde failed because Boom is using better engines and improved materials to help reduce the cos
83、ts of operating its aircraft. And a businessclass ticket from New York to London could cost $5,000, Boom estimates (估计), far less than the $20,000 charged by Concorde.篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。从纽约到伦敦仅需2.5小时，这可能吗？美国一家航空航天公司Boom在巴黎航空展上宣布他们的超音速飞机有望在六年内将此变为现实。5In which aspect will Booms new airplane stand out?AIts
84、 safety. BIts speed.CIts flight paths. DIts degree of comfort.答案：B细节理解题。文章第一段采用举例子、列数字和对比的写作手法，通过对三条航线目前和将来可能的飞行时间进行对比，主要说明超音速飞机可以大大缩短旅行时间，即它在速度上有优势，故选B项。6What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?AThe aim of Boom.BThe partners of Boom.CThe public reaction to supersonic flight.DThe potential market for super
85、sonic flight.答案：D段落大意题。第二段中Boom的创始人称一些航空公司对航空创新和高速商业飞行的发展充满热情，并提到有五家航空公司已向他们订购了七十余架飞机，由此可以看出本段主要介绍超音速飞机的市场潜力，故选D项。7What was the main reason for Concordes failure?AIt was poorly designed.BIt created terrible noise.CIt was very expensive.DIt burnt too much fuel.答案：C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“with an airfare of $20
86、,000, appealed to only a very narrow slice of travelers”和最后一段中的“where Concorde failed . to help reduce the costs of operating its aircraft”以及最后一句中价格的对比可知，Concorde失败的主要原因是其价格太高，只能吸引极少的乘客，故选C项。8What is Manns attitude toward supersonic commercial flight?AFavorable. BDisappointed.CDoubtful. DAmbiguous.答
87、案：C推理判断题。第三段中Mann举了以失败而告终的Concorde的例子，又列举了一些超音速飞机面临的问题，由此可推断，他对超音速飞行持怀疑态度，故选C项。3The loud continuous noise of the cars or the sound of a plane can force its way into the deepest forest, yet its not only humans that are bothered by the noise.Bioacoustician Bernie Krause has been studying the effect of
88、 noise pollution on wildlife, and has come across some interesting behavior, especially among animals that communicate by vocalization (发声), like humans. Birds use sound to communicate, but in noisy places, these animals have to shout over the natural noise to be heard.Krause mentions a study of nig
89、htingales to clarify what he means. The birds responded to traffic noise by singing louder and louder until they actually went beyond noise pollution standards in the city. To belt out their songs, they increased their lung pressure fivefold, but scientists state that this is not dangerous for the b
90、irds themselves.Studies show that sudden noise can cause certain birds to leave their nests, exposing the young to their enemies. One study also showed that songbirds that nested closer to busy motorways were much less productive than those that nested farther away. Mammals (哺乳动物) too are affected.
91、A recent study showed that nursing caribou respond to plane noise by not producing enough milk to feed their young.In some cases noise pollution can actually help some animals while harming others. Toads (蟾蜍) and frogs are known to vocalize in synchrony (同步；同步方式) so that no predator can zero in on t
92、hem. Krause found that when planes flew overhead and masked the toads songs, they lost their synchronicity, and it took them 45 minutes to get it back again. That gave Great Horned Owls and coyotes plenty of time to find individual toads by sound.According to Krause, “Not only will noise pollution b
93、other wildlife, but it wont help our lives either.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。噪音污染不仅困扰着人类，也对野生动物产生了巨大的影响。9How did nightingales react to traffic noise?ABy synchronizing their singing.BBy producing louder sounds.CBy harming themselves.DBy leaving their nests.答案：B细节理解题。由题干中的the nightingales可以定位到文章第三段，根据该段中的“The bir
94、ds responded to traffic noise by singing louder and louder until they actually went beyond noise pollution standards in the city.”可知，夜莺面对交通噪音会用更高的声调来唱歌。10How do young caribou suffer from aircraft noise?AThey receive less food.BThey cant sleep at night.CThey are often displaced.DThey cant hear their
95、mothers.答案：A细节理解题。文章在第四段的末尾提到caribou，由文中的描述“nursing caribou respond to plane noise by not producing enough milk to feed their young”可知，在有飞机噪音的情况下，哺乳期的北美驯鹿不会生产足够的奶水来喂养它们的幼崽。11What would happen if toads and frogs failed to sing in union?AThey might become defenceless.BThey would stop communicating.CTh
96、ey would soon regain their rhythm.DThey might be unable to hunt in groups.答案：A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Toads (蟾蜍) and frogs are known to vocalize . it took them 45 minutes to get it back again. That gave Great Horned Owls and coyotes plenty of time to find individual toads by sound.”可知，蟾蜍和青蛙齐声和鸣，这样掠食者便难以找到目标
97、；当飞机从上空飞过，蟾蜍的声音被噪音所影响，它们的声音便会失去同步性，而它们需要45分钟时间才能再次找到声音的协调性，这就给了大角猫头鹰和郊狼足够的时间来捕食蟾蜍。12What is the text mainly about?AOnly humans are bothered by the plane noise.BThe causes of noise pollution.CThe effects of noise pollution on wildlife.DThe ways animals communicate with each other.答案：C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了噪音污染对野生动物造成的影响。