1、课时作业38Inventors and inventions.阅读理解(江西临川第二中学高三模拟)Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart. They will in a lifetime, push the chromeplated_contraptions many miles. But few will know or even think to ask who it was that invented them.Sylvan N. Goldman inv
2、ented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging groceries around in baskets they had to carry.One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his cust
3、omers, and would help to attract more business.On June 4,1937, Goldmans first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldnt wait to see them using his invention.But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the c
4、arts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they werent using his carts. “Dont you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket？” one shopper replied.But Goldman wasnt beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great succ
5、ess if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony (假的) customers.As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting
6、larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come those who came bought more. With larger easiertohandle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.Todays shopping carts are five times larger than Goldmans original model. Perha
7、ps that is one reason why Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937 the coming of the shopping cart.本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了购物车的发展史。购物车的发明者Sylvan N. Goldman为了使购物简易化，也为了扩大生意，发明了购物车。而现在购物车也有了很大变化，更加适应顾客需求。1What do the underlined words “chromeplated contrapt
8、ions” in the first paragraph refer to?ABaskets.BPrivate cars.CSuitcases. DShopping carts.答案：D解析：词义猜测题。由全文大意以及第一段内容和“shopping cart”可知，画线处所在句句意为“他们的一生中将推购物车数英里”。2What was the purpose of Goldmans invention?AIt was to prove him to be a good inventor.BIt was to reduce the burden of his employees work.CIt
9、 was to make shopping easier and attract more business.DIt was to help the disabled make shopping easily in his market.答案：C解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.”可知，Sylvan N. Goldman是为了吸引顾客以及让购物简易化而发明带轮子的购物车。3Go
10、ldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market in order to _.Aattract people to buy things in his marketBencourage people to use his shopping cartsCmake his market different from the othersDkeep the groceries from being stolen答案：B解析：细节理解题。由第七段“But Goldman wasnt beaten yet. He knew his
11、 carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try.”可知，Sylvan N. Goldman是为了鼓励人们使用推车。4What can we infer from the last paragraph?AGoldman will become very famous because of his invention.BGoldmans invention will be regarded as the greatest one in the world.CSupermarket
12、 business has benefited a lot from Goldmans invention.DThere will be nothing that can replace Goldmans invention.答案：C解析：推理判断题。最后一段“Perhaps that is one reason why Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937 the coming of the shopping cart.”意为随着购物
13、车体积增大人们购物消费也变多了。推理可知购物车促进了商业发展。.阅读填句(辽宁沈阳九中模拟)Most cars have seat belts as part of their equipment. Seat belts protect drivers and passengers in case of accidents. They also reduce the effect of a crash on the body. _1_ Worldwide, the devices have protected up to a million people.America first recog
14、nized the invention of an automobile seat belt in 1849. The government gave a patent to an engineer named Edward Claghorn of New York City so that others would not copy his invention of a safety device. _2_ This early version of safety belt was said to include hooks and other attachments for securin
15、g the person to a fixed object.Other inventors followed with different versions of the seat belt. _3_ It resulted from the work of a Swedish engineer, Nils Bohlin. His threepoint, lap and shoulder seat belt first appeared on cars in Europe 50 years ago.Nils Bohlin recognized that both the upper and
16、lower body needed to be held securely in place. His invention contained a cloth strap (带子) that was placed across the chest and another strap across the hips. _4_Volvo was the first company to offer the modern seat belt to its cars. This company also provided use of Nils Bohlins design to other carm
17、akers._5_ He received a gold medal from the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences in 1995. He died in Sweden in 2002.AThe design joined the straps next to the hip.BClaghorn called his invention a safety belt.CThe Swedish engineer won many honors for his seat belt.DClaghorn was a promising yo
18、ung engineer with many honors all his life.EBut more than 100 years passed before the current seat belt was developed.FSafety experts say that seat belts save thousands of lives a year in America alone.GThere are many companies adopting Nils Bohlins invention of the seat belt.1F解析：根据后面的“Worldwide, t
19、he devices have protected up to a million people.(安全带挽救了世界上一百多万人的生命)”可知，此处先说安全带在美国的作用，再说安全带在全世界的作用。故F项符合语境。2B解析：前面一句“The government gave a patent to an engineer named Edward Claghorn of New York City so that others would not copy his invention of a safety device.”交代这项安全装置的发明者申请了专利，接下来应该是发明者对该发明的命名。B
20、项符合语境。3E解析：根据前一句“Other inventors followed with different versions of the seat belt.”可知其他的发明者发明出不同款式的安全带，接着应该叙述现在的安全带的样式是如何形成的。故E项符合上下文。4A解析：从本段的第一句可知Nils Bohlin认为身体的上端和下端都需要安全地固定在某个地方；所以接下来的两句描述他的发明是如何做到这一点的。故A项衔接上一句。5C解析：根据下一句“He received a gold medal from the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering S
21、ciences in 1995.”可知安全带的发明者获得了很多荣誉，故C项为本段的主题句。.语法填空(山东青岛二中质量检测)I worked for a large company and one day as part of a team building exercise, each leader described who their hero was and why. As we went around the room, we heard about _1_ (lead) of great powers, CEOs, billionaires, politicians, and mo
22、vie stars. When they came _2_ (gain) my feedback, at first I was a little _3_ (embarrass). You see, my hero is _4_ 80yearold shoeshine man! You ask why. One day while he _5_ (shine) my shoes, I asked him some questions about his life. I discovered that this person had put every single one of his chi
23、ldren through college on his shoeshine wage and decided to give them a _6_ (good) life than he had.I was _7_ (total) blown away that this person had devoted his entire existence to his children and was still shining shoes after 50 years of doing so. Mr Johnson had such a happy and wonderful spirit i
24、nside him _8_ he touched every single client. Be sure to wish I _9_ track down this amazing person to tell him he is my hero. By now he would likely be 95 years old or more. What an _10_ (inspire) person he is and has been!本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己的偶像一位普通的擦鞋老人，以及他是如何成为自己的偶像的故事。1leaders解析：考查名词复数。根据下文的“CEOs, b
25、illionaires, politicians, and movie stars”可知，此处应为名词的复数形式。2to_gain解析：考查不定式。不定式在这里作目的状语。3embarrassed解析：考查形容词。be动词后接形容词作表语。embarrassed“困窘的，不好意思的”。4an解析：考查不定冠词。此处表泛指，且80yearold以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。5was_shining解析：考查谓语动词。分析语境可知，此处应用过去进行时态，表示过去正在进行的某一动作。6better解析：考查形容词比较级。根据下文的“than he had”可知，此处用比较级better。7tot
26、ally解析：考查副词。此处副词修饰动词。8that解析：考查连词。分析句子可知，该句考查“such.that.”这个结构 。9could解析：考查情态动词。分析句子可知，此处用could表示“过去的能力”，符合语境。10inspiring解析：考查动词ing形式。inspiring修饰person，意思是“鼓舞人心的”。.短文改错(四川成都开发区实验中学检测)When Jack bowed to someone, he always did it much too quickly. They neednt to wait any longer after he finished noddin
27、g his head. So he was blamed for bad manner. Then a warmhearted man teaches him, “When you bow to somebody next time, you can count the January, February, March, until December. Then you can lift your body. Thus, the ceremony will almost perfect.” The next day, he met his uncle, but he did as the ma
28、n told him. The bow was too long that it made his uncle escape soon with a surprising look. When Jack looked down, he found his uncle gone. So he asked a passerby, “In which month did she go away？”答案与解析When Jack bowed to someone, he always did it much too quickly. They neednt wait any longer after h
29、e finished nodding his head. So he was blamed for bad . Then a warmhearted man him, “When you bow to somebody next time, you can count the January, February, March, until December. Then you can lift your body. Thus, the ceremony will almost perfect.” The next day, he met his uncle, he did as the man
30、 told him. The bow was long that it made his uncle escape soon with a look. When Jack looked ， he found his uncle gone. So he asked a passerby, “In which month did go away？”1去掉to考查情态动词。此处用了neednt，表明need用作情态动词，情态动词后接动词原形，去掉to。2mannermanners考查名词单复数的用法。manner意为“态度、礼貌”时用复数形式。3teachestaught考查时态。本文讲述的是过去发
31、生的事情，热心人是“过去”教他，故谓语动词用过去时。4去掉the考查冠词。月份的前面不需要定冠词，去掉the。5will后加be考查句子结构。引号中的话为直接引语，will为助动词，perfect为形容词，需要补充be动词，构成将来时的“主系表”结构。6butand考查连词。“.he met his uncle”和“he did as.”两个动作之间是承接关系而不是转折关系，用and不用but。7tooso考查句子结构。本句的句子结构为“so.that.”句型结构，把too改为so。8surprisingsurprised考查非谓语动词。从上文看，应该是带着一副“感到惊奇”的表情，用surpr
32、ised。9downup考查副词。结合上文逻辑，Jack是低着头的，他只有“looked up”才发现情况。10shehe考查代词。根据上文可知离开的是uncle，用he指代。.书面表达(黑龙江齐齐哈尔八中质量检测)假设你是李华，你所在的城市福州为了提升国际形象，下个月将举行国际中文写作比赛。请你根据以下要点，给曾在你班学习两年的美国同学Tom发封邮件，邀请他参加比赛。1主题：我眼中的福州2截稿时间：2019年2月20日3字数：不限4投稿邮箱：fuzhou123.注意：1词数100左右(开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数)；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Tom，How is eve
33、rything going? You must be happy back with your family.Im writing to tell you that our city is going to hold an international Chineselanguage composition contest next month to promote our city image in the world. The theme of the contest is “Fuzhou in my eyes”. Having studied in our school for two years, you certainly know what this city can offer to the world. So your participation will be most appreciated!There is no limit to the number of the words and please send your composition to fuzhou123. The deadline is February 20,2019.Looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours，Li_Hua