1、-1-Section Learning about Language K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 一 二 一、根据单词释义写出单词 1.(of fruit,crops,etc)fully grown and ready to be eaten 2.supplying(land or crops)with water 3.unwanted wild plant,esp among crops or garden plants 4.weapon with a metal point on a long handle used for hunting or
2、 fighting 5.to delay;to move to some later time 6.building,column,statue,etc built to remind people of a person or event ripe irrigation weed spear postpone monument K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 一 二 二、同义句转换 1.She passed him the salt.答案:She passed the salt to him.2.Her uncle bought her an Engl
3、ish-Chinese dictionary yesterday.答案:Her uncle bought an English-Chinese dictionary for her yesterday.3.Mr.Johnson taught us German last year.答案:Mr.Johnson taught German to us last year.K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 一 二 4.He showed the ticket to the conductor.答案:He showed the conductor the tick
4、et.5.This term I have written three letters to my parents.答案:This term I have written my parents three letters.6.My father has bought me a new bike.答案:My father has bought a new bike for me.7.Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.答案:Robinson Crusoe made a boat for himself.K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHEN
5、RU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6 1.After three months at sea,we finally arrived and lowered theanchor in the harbour of our destination.(P34)经过三个月的海上漂泊,我们最后终于到达目的地并在海港抛锚。考点:lower v.降低;跌落;减弱 Can you lower those bright lights a little?你能把那些灯的亮度减弱一点吗?Examinations also lower the standards of teaching.考试也使教学标准降低。K EQI
6、AN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6 考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出lower 的词性、短语和含(意)义 He belongs to the lower middle class.他来自中产阶级下层。词性:形容词 含义:低的;下级的;下层的 Dont lower yourself by asking him for help.不要向他求助以免降低你的身份。短语:lower oneself 意义:降低身份 She lowered her head and brushed past photographers as she went back insi
7、de.她再次回到里面时低着头,与摄影师们擦肩而过。短语:lower ones head 意义:低下头 K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6 即学即用 完成句子 1)中央银行已将利率调低了两个百分点。The Central Bank by 2 percent.2)无固定收入的人入场费从优。Unwaged members pay .has lowered interest rates a lower entrance fee K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6 2.We were
8、dirty and had long beards,for we had no fresh waterto wash in and we didnt shave at all.(P34)我们很脏,胡子很长,因为没有淡水洗,而且根本没有刮胡子。句中动词不定式to wash in作后置定语,修饰fresh water,即wash in fresh water。此处介词in不可省略。Id like a few books to read during the long summer vacation.我想要几本在长期的暑假中可以读的书。He is always the last to leave t
9、he office.他总是最后一个离开办公室的人。Her wish to be an air hostess has come true.她想成为空姐的愿望实现了。K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6 注意1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。Henry is a pleasant man to talk with.与亨利谈话是令人愉快的。2)不定式作定语时,当在句子中能找到不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时,这时不定式可用主动形式表示被动含
10、义。I had nothing to do at that time.那时我无事可做。K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6 即学即用 完成句子 1)Do you have (有话要说)on the question?2)Would you please give me (写字用的纸)?3)My (参观法国的愿望)has come true at last.anything to say some paper to write on wish to visit France K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课
11、堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6 3.Can you give one kilo of ripe peaches to me?(P35)你能给我一千克成熟的桃子吗?考点:ripe adj.熟的;成熟的 Autumn is a busy season,and the crops are ripe.秋天是一个繁忙的季节,庄稼成熟了。The government decided the time was ripe for an election.政府认为选举的时机已成熟。K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6 考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的
12、词性和含义 The pears will sweeten as they ripen.梨子熟了就会变甜。词性:动词 含义:(使)成熟;(使)熟 I could smell the honeyed ripeness of melons and peaches.我能闻到瓜桃熟透了的香甜味道。词性:名词 含义:成熟,老练 K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6 即学即用 完成句子 1)Some of the smaller firms (时机已到)take over.2)She lived to (活到100岁高龄).3)The peaches
13、 are (已成熟)to pick up.are ripe to a ripe age of 100 ripe enough K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6 4.He showed me the weeds so that I wouldnt pull out his newseedlings.(P35)他给我看了杂草以便我不把他新长出的小苗拔掉了。考点:weed n.C 野草;杂草 There are so many weeds in his field!他的田里有那么多杂草!K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG S
14、HENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6 考点延伸 1)阅读下列句子,指出weed的词性和含义 Were you hungry after weeding the fields?除草后你们饿了吗?词性:动词 含义:除草 The worthless books in a library should be weeded out.应该清除图书馆里无价值的图书。词性:动词 含义:剔去,淘汰,清除 2)阅读下列句子,指出weed的短语和意义 We have to weed out unqualified applicants.我们必须淘汰不合格的申请人。短语:weed out 意义:除去;剔除 K
15、EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6 即学即用 完成句子 1)我花了一整天时间给草坪除草。I spent all day .2)在河边上有一个长满杂草的花园。There is a garden along the river.3)警察正在取缔无证酒贩。The police officers the unlicensed liquor sellers.weeding the lawn full of weeds are weeding out K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6 5.
16、My parents suggested to postpone our visit to the pyramidsbecause we didnt have enough time to see them before we leftEgypt.(P35)我的父母建议推迟到金字塔参观的时间,因为我们离开埃及之前没有足够的时间去看了。考点:postpone vt.使延期,延缓 The concert has been postponed to Saturday.音乐会延迟到星期六。They postponed sending an answer to a request.他们耽搁了对一项请求的
17、答复。归纳:postpone后常跟 doing sth.,表示“推迟做某事”。K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6 考点延伸 辨析delay,postpone,put off(1)delay 指“暂时阻挠或阻挡,稍后可再继续进行”。(2)postpone是正式用语,语意较强,指“有意识地延至将来某一特定时间”,在多数情况下,后面说明改在何时进行。(3)put off与postpone大致同义,但较口语化。The steamer was delayed by bad weather.汽轮因天气不佳而延期了。The meeting has
18、been postponed to Friday.会议推迟到星期五举行。Lets put this off till some other time.我们还是把这搁一搁,以后再说吧。K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6 即学即用 完成句子 Lets (推迟做决定)until we have more information.答案:postpone making a decision K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.Grammer宾语 宾语在句中主要充当动作的承受者,因此
19、一般皆置于及物动词或介词之后。可以用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、-ing形式、名词性的形容词和从句等。将下列句子译成汉语,并注意黑体部分(1)名词、代词和数词作宾语 She is expecting a baby in July.翻译:答案:她将于7月分娩。They wont hurt us.翻译:答案:他们不会伤害我们。K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6 Where did you buy that?翻译:答案:你在哪儿买的那个?If you add 5 to 5,you get 10.翻译:答案:5加5得10。K EQ
20、IAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6(2)动词不定式或-ing形式作宾语 英语中有些动词或词组后面只能接动词的-ing形式作宾语,有些只能接不定式作宾语,有些两者都可以,但含义不同。a.牢记需接动词-ing形式作宾语的常用动词和词组有:enjoy,mind,excuse,forgive,practise,imagine,suggest,advise,recommend,miss,escape,avoid,admit,acknowledge,appreciate,finish,complete,consider,delay,postpone,ri
21、sk,resist,tolerate,be busy,keep on,insist on,be worth,be worthy of,give up,succeed in,feel like,put off,have difficulty/trouble/fun/pleasure(in),prefer.to.,lead to,look forward to,get down to,pay attention to,devote.to.,be devoted to,contribute to,object to,be on the way to,be close to,be/get used t
22、o等。K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6 b.能接不定式作宾语的常为一些表示“希望、打算、决定、计划、承诺、努力”等意义的动词及词组有:plan,decide,determine,expect,intend,promise,wish,hope,desire,attempt,hesitate,learn,offer,afford,manage,fail,pretend,refuse,prepare,make an effort,make up ones mind,try/do ones best,do all/what/anything
23、 one can,take steps,take measures,take trouble,take pains,make use of sth.,would like/love等。Does she really mean to leave home?翻译:答案:她真的要离开家吗?Remember to buy some stamps,wont you?翻译:答案:记着买一些邮票,好吗?K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6 He denied visiting her house.翻译:答案:他否认去过她的家。(3)名词化的形容词用作
24、宾语 He never did the unexpected.翻译:答案:他从不做使人感到意外的事。K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6(4)从句用作宾语 陈述性的、结构完整的名词性从句用that引导;一般疑问句变来的宾语从句用whether或if引导;特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句用相应的疑问词引导;也可用what/whatever,whichever,whoever来引导带名词含义的宾语从句。I really doubt whether/if he can pass the driving test.翻译:答案:我真的怀疑他是否能通过驾驶
25、考试。The manager asked who was responsible for the accident.翻译:答案:经理问谁对这次事故负责。Ill take whoever wants to go.翻译:答案:谁想去我带谁。K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6(5)有一些动词后面常跟两个宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语。宾语的位置一般在谓语动词的后面,而间接宾语通常在直接宾语的前面。常见结构有:award sb.sth.=award sth.to sb.颁奖给某人 bring sb.sth.=bring sth.to sb.把某物
26、带给某人 lend sb.sth.=lend sth.to sb.把某物借给某人 offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.给某人提供某物 owe sb.sth.=owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物 pass sb.sth.=pass sth.to sb.把某物递给某人 return sb.sth.=return sth.to sb.把某物还给某人 K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3 4 5 6 send sb.sth.=send sth.to sb.把某物送给某人 show sb.sth.=show sth.to sb.拿
27、某物给某人看 teach sb.sth.=teach sth.to sb.教某人某物 buy sb.sth.=buy sth.for sb.为某人买某物 choose sb.sth.=choose sth.for sb.为某人选某物 prepare sb.sth.=prepare sth.for sb.为某人准备某物 Tom gave me some storybooks yesterday.=Tom gave somestorybooks to me yesterday.翻译:答案:昨天,汤姆给了我一些故事书。K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1 2 3
28、 4 5 6(6)介词后也需接宾语,称为介词宾语,合称为介词短语或介宾结构。介词后接动词时,一般需用动词-ing形式。They discussed the topic about how to deal with pollution.翻译:答案:他们讨论了如何解决污染的话题。We heard the sound of opening the door.翻译:答案:我们听到了开门的声音。I am terribly sorry for not telling you the truth.翻译:答案:我很抱歉没有告诉你真相。K EQIAN XUEXI课前学习 KETANG SHENRU课堂深入 1
29、2 3 4 5 6(7)有时为了平衡句子结构,常用形式宾语“it”来替代动词不定式、-ing形式或宾语从句,而把它们放到句子的后面去。it作形式宾语,常用于下列句型中:a.有补足语型:sb.+think/find/make+it+补足语(名词/形容词)+动词不定式/-ing形式/宾语从句 We thought it strange that Mr.Smith didnt come last night.b.无补足语型:有时it与所代替的从句之间没有补足语。I remember it when this used to be a quiet village.I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food.I like it when it is clear and bright.