1、第四讲主谓一致语法规则再现一、主谓一致的概念主谓一致即谓语动词的使用要与句子的主语在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。原则情况语法一致(1)主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。(2)many a单数名词/more than one所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。(3)代词each以及由every，some，no，any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each，every时，谓语需用单数。意义一致(1)形式单数但意义为复数的people，the police，cattle等谓语动词用复数。(2)The形容词表示一类人的the yo
2、ung/old/injured/wounded等谓语用复数。(3)表示某国人的总称的the Chinese，the British等谓语用复数。(4)以s结尾的不可数名词或学科名词：如news新闻，physics物理，mathematics/maths数学，economics经济学，politics政治学，谓语用单数。(5)有些单复数同形的名词，如means方式，aircraft飞机，deer鹿，fish鱼等，作主语时，应根据单数概念或复数概念判断谓语。(6)集体名词family，audience，crew，crowd，class，company，committee作主语时，主语指整体用单数，
3、反之用复数。(7)金钱，时间，价格，度量衡等复数名词作主语时，看成一个整体时谓语动词用单数。就近原则(1)由neither.nor.；either.or.；not only.but also.；not.but.等连接主语(2)there be.and.特殊情况处理方式举例不定式，动名词，名词从句作主语谓语用单数Doing sports is beneficial to our health.Atogether with，along with，with，except，as well asB作主语谓语动词与A一致Mary together with her sisters is studying
4、Chinese in China.先行词which/who/that(作主语)引导定语从句从句谓语与先行词一致I will play chess with my friends who are good at it.one of复数名词关系代词作主语引导的定语从句从句谓语用复数He is one of the students who win the first prize in our school.the only/very one of复数名词关系代词作主语引导的定语从句从句谓语用单数He is the only one of the students who wins the firs
5、t prize in our school.all/some/half/any/part/most/the restof名词或代词作主语谓语与of后的词一致The rest of the lecture is quite boring.A (large) number of复数名词作主语谓语用复数A number of cities in our country are becoming more and more beautiful.The number of名词复数作主语谓语用单数The number of athletes competing in the Olympic Games h
6、as increased.书名，剧名，报纸名称及国家名称的复数名词作主语谓语用单数The United States of America is one of the most developed countries in the world.Many a或More than one所修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数Many a computer game influences young peoples life badly.典型例题分析1(2019年湖南湘中名校高三第一次大联考)Hearing loss in a large number of teenagers caused because
7、of their listening to loud music.Ais BhasCareDhaveA考查主谓一致。句意：很多年轻人听力衰退是因为他们听了声音特别大的音乐而引起的。Hearing loss in a large number of teenagers是动名词短语作主语，当动名词短语作主语时谓语动词用单数，这里句子的主语与cause之间是被动关系，故选A项。2(2019年山西省长治市第二中学高三第二次联考)An increasing number of students，year by year，across China hard to realize their dream o
8、f studying abroad.Ais trying Bare tryingCwill tryDhave triedB考查时态和主谓一致。句意：随着学生数量越来越多，整个中国都在努力实现他们出国学习的梦想。从句意看是现在进行时，主语是China，因为后面用their，所以这里指中国人，谓语是复数，故选B项。语法专项对练单句语法填空1Everything goes (go) well as we expected.2There was (be) a playground and several trees at the end of this road ten years ago.3Whet
9、her they will come depends (depend) on the weather.4Most of the drinking water comes (come) from the Black River.5Not only the twins but also Mary does (do) morning exercises every day.6Either you or she has (have) made a wrong decision.7The police are (be) trying to catch the thief.8Recently the nu
10、mber of the visitors to Hong Kong is increasing (increase)，and a number of them are (be) for shopping.9More than one room is needed (need) tonight.10When and where to go has (have) been decided.11Reading books is playing (play) an important role in students life now.12The young are (be) the hope of
11、a country.13Lucy is the only one of the girls who gets (get) up at 6：00 every day.14Politics is studied (study) by more and more students.15Three hours were spent (spend) to finish this task last night.16Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is (be) often acceptable.17Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were (be) too violent for use at the table.