2022年高考英语一轮复习：语法填空 短文改错 练习题精选汇编（含答案解析）.doc

1、2022年高考英语一轮复习：语法填空+短文改错 练习题精选汇编（A）Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 1, through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on 2 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops the

2、y had sown.Farming produced more food per person 3 hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food 4(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 5(change) lives.By about 6000 BC, people 6(discover) the

3、 best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later, they learned to work with the 7(season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 8(make) use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with 9 rise of science, changes began. New meth

4、ods 10(mean) that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers (化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. （B）A female Arctic fox traveled nea

5、rly 2,200 miles in 76 daysfrom Norway to Canadaand surprised Norwegian scientists in the process.The fox1(equip) with a satellite transmitter by scientists at the Norwegian Polar Institute, where scientists wanted 2(survey) just how far Arctic foxes travel from their birthplace. They found their ans

6、wer:In less than three months, it went from Spitsbergen, 3 island in northern Norway, to Ellesmere Island in the northeastern part of Canada.The fox moved4 a rate of 29 miles a day. At its fastest, it traveled nearly 100 miles in a single day while 5 (cross) Greenland. It set a record for the fastes

7、t movement rate ever6 (document) in an Arctic fox. “This is among the longest 7 (event) ever recorded for an Arctic fox, covering extensive stretches of sea ice and glaciers,” wrote Norwegian scientists Eva Fuglei and Arnaud Tarroux in a report.The journey was among the longest recorded by scientist

8、s,8 it also raises questions of the effects9 climate changes have on sea ice and animals that navigate the Arctic. The Arctic10(current) faces “its most excellent transition in human history”, said Emily Osborne of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. （C

9、）China reached a milestone in space exploration on January 3, 2019. Change-41 (successful) landed on the far side of the moons surface.This is the first time in history2 any country has performed a soft landing on the back of the moon. It is also a huge win for Chinese scientists who have been plann

10、ing out this work for3(year).Shortly after the landers arrival, it sent back a photo of the Yutu rover (月球车) 4 (roll) slowly across the moons dusty surface. As 5 (expect), the lander will conduct a number of challenging tasks. It will observe the low-gravity environment and explore 6 there is water

11、or other resources. Later, soil samples 7 (collect) and returned to the earth. Scientists believe that the back of the moon is 8 (ancient) than the front, so the soil age is valuable for studying the early history of the moon.Since the far side of the moon is quiet and free9 electromagnetic interfer

12、ence (干扰) from the earth, its a perfect place to research the space environment. Everything 10 (appear) to be working smoothly, and we can expect plenty of moon news out of China in the near future.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. （D）Theyre neither medical workers in close contact with the novel coron

13、avirus nor government officials who receive the 1(late) updates of the situationyet theyre keeping us 2(inform) of the development of the epidemic. They are the media, and their eyes are far-seeing.Zhu Xingxin is one such member:a 3(photograph) with China Daily. Having putting on protective gear(装备)

14、 like the doctors, he visited Tongji Hospital in Wuhan on Feb. 3 to report on the lives of medical workers.The eyes of the media are not just here to see, but 4(examine). On Feb. 9, for example, a bus in Wuhan carrying severely ill patients 5(catch) in traffic with no one guiding them and no hospita

15、ls claiming them. The incident was witnessed by Global Times journalists and was soon reported online. It ended with all the patients 6(settle) properly in hospitals and officials in charge being held responsible. But its possible 7 without journalists this incident would never have been exposed.“I

16、do hope that by writing about 8(they) stories, Im helping things change for 9 better,” said Li Xueqing, a China Daily journalist. Indeed, the media is like a pair of eyes watching out 10 us as they report on the worlds most important news.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. （E）Volunteering has a positive

17、 affect on our community. It benefited us in several ways. First of all,volunteering can help us learn much about society and gain value experience. Secondly, volunteering provides us a good opportunity to put what we have learned to a good use. I hope more and more students will join the voluntary

18、club of your school. Lets express our concern for the old and disable people around us but offer a helping hand. Lets clean the parks near our home. Lets go to nursing homes to bring love to those who is in need.Remember,we can make a difference to society if we are willing to lending a helping hand

19、, so lets act now.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. （F）There was a lively discussion held in my class last Friday. It was main about protecting the fine Chinese culture. Some suggested raising peoples aware of preserving our culture and making people fall in love with them. For example, we could conduc

20、t creative activity like discovery tours and culture shows to help people have better understanding of our culture. Others think some courses should be offered in schools, which goal was to help students learn more about our customs, ways of life and so on. And in my view, what was mattered was that

21、 everyone should feel proud in our own culture. Also, we should attempt to passing our fine culture down from generation to generation.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. （G）Yesterday, we had great fun. We participated in a competition of Tang poems at hall of our school on April 24. The competition enjo

22、yed great popular among us students. It was holding in an attempt to not only enrich our campus life and greatly motivate our passion for Tang poems. There was a great variety of interesting so well as exciting activity in the competition. We all fall in love with the competition. We true valued the

23、 chance to appreciate it the beauty of our culture from this competition. We all looked forward to more competitions aims at promoting Chinese culture.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. （H）I cant wait to tell you the decision my parents had just made. They plan to give birth to a second child. How excit

24、ed it is! Being the only child in the family, most teenagers like I grow up lonely, that does harm to our psychological health. However, things will change from now on. I am going to have a sibling to play. I will help my parents looking after my sibling when he/she is born, ensuring that he/she gro

25、ws up happy with love and affection all around. However, I am afraid that I know a little about how to take good care of a baby and how to set a good example to him/her. I want to get some advices from you but I am looking forward to your early reply.参考答案：（A）1.in考查介词。句意:公元前10,000年以后的一段时间,人类首次尝试通过农业来

26、控制他们生活的世界。根据文章中句子的结构可知,they lived1为限制性定语从句,先行词为world。将先行词代入定语从句后,应为they lived in the world,故填in。2.what考查宾语从句。此处表示:经过了几千年,他们开始较少地依靠狩猎或是野外采集食物。根据句子结构可知设空处引导介词后的宾语从句,且设空处在从句中作主语,表示“什么”,故填what。3.than考查介词。句意:每个人在耕种时比在狩猎和采集中生产的食物更多,所以人们可以养更多的孩子。题干中的“more”有比较含义,故填than。4.was needed考查时态和语态。句意:并且随着更多的孩子出生,(人们

27、)需要更多的食物。主语与谓语之间是被动关系,并且讲述的是过去的事情,故填was needed。5.to change考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到了改变生活的科技的力量。此处不定式作定语,修饰power,根据the power to do sth.可知此处填不定式。故填to change。6.had discovered考查时态。句意:到了大约公元前6000年,人们就已经发现了最适合种植的作物和养殖的动物。根据By about 6000 BC可知应用过去完成时,故填had discovered。7.seasons考查名词复数。此处表示:后来他们学着随着季节的变更劳作。根据句意,一

28、年有四季,可知此处应填名词复数。故填seasons。8.making考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学着随着季节的变更劳作,在合适的时间种植,在干旱的地区,充分利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。句中已经有了谓语动词learned,make和句子的主语they是主动关系, 故填making。9.the考查冠词。句意:然后随着科学的发展,变化产生了。设空处特指科学的发展, 故填the。10.meant考查时态。句意:新的方法意味着更少的人从事农业。设空处讲述的是过去的事情,故填meant。（B）1.was equipped考查动词时态和语态。句意:挪威极地研究所的科学家们给这只狐狸装备了一个卫星发射器。主

29、语与谓语动词之间是被动关系,根据第一段的traveled可知时态为一般过去时。故填was equipped。2.to survey考查非谓语动词。此处表达:科学家们想要调查北极狐从它们的出生地走了多远。want to do sth.想要做某事。3.an考查冠词。此处表达:挪威北部的一个岛屿。此处作同位语修饰说明前面的Spitsbergen。不定冠词表示泛指意思,island以元音音素开头,故填an。4.at考查介词。句意:这只狐狸以每天29英里的速度前进。at a rate/speed of.以的速度。5.crossing考查非谓语动词。句意:在穿越格陵兰岛的一天内,以它最快的速度可以走近10

30、0英里。设空处是非谓语动词作状语。设空处动作与其逻辑主语it之间是主动关系,应该用现在分词形式。故填crossing。6.documented考查非谓语动词。句意:它创下了北极狐有史以来最快的移动速度纪录。设空处是非谓语动词作定语,修饰前面的名词rate。 两者之间是被动关系,应该用过去分词形式。故填documented。7.events考查名词。句意:这是有记录以来北极狐活动时间最长的事件之一,覆盖了大片的海冰和冰川。根据语境和介词among可知,此次事件是多次事件之一,所以要用名词的复数形式。故填events。8.but考查连词。句意:这是科学家记录的最长的旅程之一,但它也提出了问题。前后

31、句子意思是转折关系,所以要用转折连词but连接。9.that/which考查定语从句。此处表达:气候变化对海冰和北极航行动物的影响。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词the effects,关系词在从句中作have的宾语,应该用关系代词that/which引导。10.currently考查副词。句意:北极正面临“人类历史上最完美的过渡”。考查副词作状语,修饰动词faces。故填currently。（C）1.successfully考查副词。应该使用副词修饰动词landed,故填successfully。2.that考查固定句型。this is the first time that.这是第一次。故

32、填that。3.years考查名词的数。year是可数名词,根据语境可知,这件事我国科学家已经筹备了很多年,应该用复数。故填years。4.rolling考查非谓语动词。此处是现在分词短语作后置定语,与the Yutu rover之间是主动关系。故填rolling。5.expected考查非谓语动词。as expected果然;正如被预料的那样。故填expected。6.whether考查连词。whether.or.或者或者。故填whether。7.will be collected考查动词的时态和语态。从前文可以看出是即将发生的事情,并且soil samples与collect是被动关系,故

33、用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be collected。8.more ancient考查形容词的比较级。从本空后的than可以看出,这里应该使用比较级。故填more ancient。9.from考查介词。free from免于。故填from。10.appears考查动词的时态。从本段可看出时态是一般现在时,讲述现在的客观事实,主语是Everything,要用第三人称单数形式。故填appears。（D） 1.latest考查形容词。此处表达:他们既不是与新型冠状病毒密切接触的医务人员,也不是收到最新情况的政府官员。the latest updates最新进展。2.informed考查非谓

34、语动词。此处表达:但他们一直向我们通报疫情的进展。考查“keep+宾语+宾补”结构。设空处与宾语之间为被动关系,要用过去分词形式。故填informed。3.photographer考查名词。句意:朱兴新就是其中一员:一名中国日报的摄影师。此处指“一名摄影师”。故填photographer。4.to examine考查非谓语动词。句意:媒体的眼睛不仅仅是用来观察的,而是用来审视的。分析句子结构可知,本句应是“not just.but.”结构,意为“不仅仅是而是”,因此设空处应与前面的“to see”为并列结构。故填to examine。5.was caught考查动词时态和语态。句意:例如,2月

35、9日,武汉一辆载着重症患者的公交车陷入交通堵塞,无人领路,也没有医院认领他们。设空处是句子的谓语动词,与主语a bus之间是被动关系,时态为一般过去时,故填was caught。6.being settled考查非谓语动词。句意:最后,所有的病人都被妥善安置在医院,负责的官员也被追究责任。根据并列连词and可知,all the patients 6(settle)应该与officials in charge being held responsible为并列结构,都要用being done结构。故填being settled。7.that考查主语从句。句意:但如果没有记者,这一事件可能永远不会

36、被曝光。分析句子结构可知, without journalists this incident would never have been exposed是主语从句,it为形式主语。从句意思完整、结构正确,要用that引导。8.their考查代词。句意:“我真的希望通过写他们的故事,我能帮助事情变得更好。”中国日报记者李学清说。设空处单词修饰后面的名词,所以要用形容词性物主代词their。9.the考查冠词。change for the better是固定搭配,意为:向更好的方向转变。10.for考查介词。此处表达:实际上,媒体就像一双注视着我们的眼睛。watch out for密切注意,留意

37、。故填for。（E）1.第一句:affecteffect句意:志愿者工作对我们的社区有积极的影响。考查固定搭配have a.effect on而affect是一个及物动词。2.第二句:benefitedbenefits本文谓语动词均为一般现在时,本句主语是it,故将benefited改为benefits。3.第三句:valuevaluable考查形容词,此处用形容词修饰后面的名词。valuable experience有价值的经验。4.第四句:在us后加with考查固定搭配:provide sb. with sth.给某人提供某物。5.第四句:去掉第二个good前的a此处表达:把我们学到的(知

38、识)好好运用。use是一个抽象不可数名词,不能有冠词修饰。6.第五句:yourour根据前面的描述,此处应该是:加入我们的志愿者俱乐部。故将your改为our。7.第六句:disabledisabled此处表达:让我们关爱老年人和残疾人。用形容词修饰后面的名词。disabled people残疾人。8.第六句:butand此处表达:伸出援助之手。与前面的帮助老人和残疾人在意思上是并列关系,故将but改为and。9.第八句:isare关系代词who引导的定语从句修饰先行词those。先行词是复数名词,所以从句谓语动词要用表示复数的are。10.第九句:lendinglend考查be willin

39、g to do sth.愿意做某事。（F）1.第二句:mainmainly句意:这次讨论主要是关于保护中国灿烂的文化。副词mainly修饰谓语动词。2.第三句:awareawareness句意:有人建议提高人们保护我们文化的意识。作raise的宾语,要用名词形式。raise awareness增强意识。3.第三句:themit此处表达:让人们爱上它。此处指的是爱上中国文化,所以要用it代替。4.第四句:activityactivities句意:例如,我们可以进行创造性的活动,如探索之旅和文化表演,以帮助人们更好地了解我们的文化。后面列举了几个活动内容,所以activity要用复数形式。5.第四

40、句:better前加a此处表达:对有一个更好的理解。a better understanding一个更好的理解。6.第五句:thinkthought本文时态为一般过去时,故将think改为thought。7.第五句:whichwhose句意:另一些人认为学校应该开设一些课程,其目的是帮助学生更多地了解我们的习俗、生活方式等。定语从句的引导词作定语,修饰后面的名词goal,应该用关系代词whose。8.第六句:去掉第一个was句意:在我看来,重要的是每个人都应该为自己的文化感到自豪。matter是一个不及物动词,不能用被动语态。9.第六句:inof考查固定搭配:be proud of以为自豪。1

41、0.第七句;passingpass句意:同时,我们应该努力把我们的优秀文化一代一代地传下去。attempt to do sth.尝试/试图做某事。（G）1.第二句:hall前加the句意:4月24日,我们在学校礼堂参加了唐诗比赛。特指我们学校的礼堂,故在hall前加定冠词the。2.第三句:popularpopularity句意:这项比赛在我们学生中很受欢迎。充当enjoyed的宾语,且有形容词great修饰,所以要用名词形式popularity。3.第四句:holdingheld此处表达:竞赛被举办。应该用一般过去时的被动语态。4.第四句:andbut考查并列连词:not only.but

42、(also).5.第五句:soas此处考查固定搭配:as well as:也。6.第五句:activityactivities根据修饰词a great variety of可知,后面要用名词的复数形式activities。7.第六句:fallfell本文动词时态均为一般过去时,故将fall改为fell。8.第七句:truetruly修饰句子的谓语动词valued应该用副词truly。9.第七句:删掉 it句意:我们非常珍惜这次从比赛中欣赏我们文化之美的机会。it重复了,后面有the beauty of.。10.第八句:aimsaiming/aimed句意:我们都期待能有更多的比赛来推广中国文化

43、。考查非谓语动词作定语,应该用aimed或aiming。相当于:which aims。（H）1.第一句:hadhave或去掉had句意:我迫不及待地想告诉你我父母刚刚做出的决定。表达刚刚做出的决定,可以用现在完成时,也可以用一般过去时,表示发生在过去某个时间的事情。2.第三句:excitedexciting句意:这件事是多么令人激动啊!表达某事“令人激动的”要用形容词exciting。3.第四句:Ime此处表达:大多数像我这样的青少年都是在孤独中长大的。充当介词like的宾语,应该用宾格代词me。4.第四句:thatwhich逗号后是非限制性定语从句,不能用关系代词that引导,要用关系代词w

44、hich引导。意为“这对我们的心理健康有害”。5.第六句:在play后加with句意:我将有一个兄弟姐妹和我一块玩了。play with sb.和某人一块玩。6.第七句:lookinglook此处考查:help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事。7.第七句:happyhappily此处表达:确保他/她幸福地成长。应该用副词修饰动词词组grows up。8.第八句:去掉little前的a此处表达:可是,我害怕对如何照料一个小宝宝知道得不多。表示否定含义,应该用know little about sth.。9.第九句:advicesadvice此处表达:我想得到你的一些建议。advice是不可数名词,不能用复数形式。10.第九句:butand此处表达:并且我希望尽快得到你的回复。前后两句话在意思上是并列关系,应该用and连接。