1、专题十二构词法名词后缀1动词变名词的后缀后缀例词ion/tion/ sion/ationcorrectcorrection改正celebratecelebration 庆祝；庆祝会concludeconclusion 结论；结束discussdiscussion 讨论；辩论decidedecision 决定admitadmission 接纳；准许入学attractattraction 吸引inviteinvitation 邀请；请柬explainexplanation 解释graduategraduation 毕业expectexpectation 期望；期待er/ordrivedriver
2、司机；驾驶员gathergatherer 收集者；采集者conductconductor 指挥；售票员teachteacher 老师announceannouncer 播音员mentpunishpunishment 惩罚achieveachievement 功绩；成就argueargument 辩论；论据treattreatment 对待；治疗equipequipment 装备；设备governgovernment 政府ance/enceappearappearance出现；外貌guideguidance 指引；指导performperformance 表演；节目existexistence
3、存在；生存preferpreference 偏爱referreference 参考；查阅inghearhearing听力；听觉beginbeginning 开头；开端ure/turefailfailure失败；没做到presspressure 压力mixmixture 混合；混合物departdeparture 离开；出发yrecoverrecovery 恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现其他choosechoice选择varyvariety 多样化；种类tendtendency 趋向；趋势growgrowth 生长；增加weighweight 重量2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例
4、词ageshortshortage不足；短缺cyefficientefficiency 效率；功效fluentfluency 流利；流畅accurateaccuracy 准确性privateprivacy 隐私；私密domfreefreedom 自由；自主wisewisdom 明智；智慧encedifferentdifference差异silentsilence 沉默nessweakweakness 虚弱；弱点kindkindness 仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness 粗心大意thstrongstrength 力气；强项warmwarmth 温暖；热情y ty ityhone
5、sthonesty 诚实difficultdifficulty 困难cruelcruelty 残酷；残暴safesafety 安全disabledisability 无能；伤残responsibleresponsibility 责任命题点感悟 单句语法填空(2018全国卷)This switch has decreased _ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.解析：pollutiondecrease“降低，减少”，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语
6、，故填名词pollution。(2018浙江6月高考)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in _(weigh) problems.解析：weight根据语境可知，此处表示体重方面的问题，故此处填名词作定语。(2017全国卷)This development was only possible with the_ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and l
7、ifts.解析：introduction根据空格前面的定冠词the可知此处需要填名词。with the introduction of表示“随着的引进”。(2017全国卷)She is determined to carry on with her _(educate)解析：education空格前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education。(2016浙江10月高考)Magically, that show remains the Great Jasons best _ (perform) to this day.解析：performance根据前面
8、的show可知此处需要填名词。“这是Great Jasons迄今最好的表演”。形容词、副词后缀1.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词ableacceptacceptable可接受的comfortcomfortable 舒适的fashionfashionable 时髦的suitsuitable 合适的reasonreasonable 有道理的almusicmusical 音乐的originoriginal 最初的personpersonal 个人的；私人的centercentral 中央的；中心的naturenatural 自然的；天生的fuldoubtdoubtful怀疑的forgetfor
9、getful 健忘的harmharmful 有害的hopehopeful 有希望的peacepeaceful 和平的edscarescared感到恐惧的confuseconfused 感到困惑的underlineunderlined 下划线的ingsurprisesurprising 令人惊异的convinceconvincing 令人信服的satisfysatisfying 令人满意的ibleaccessaccessible 容易取得的horrorhorrible 可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible 可怕的iveactactive 积极的；活跃的effecteffective 有效的
10、；生效的attractattractive 有吸引力的impressimpressive 给人深刻印象的ouscontinuecontinuous不断的；持续的anxietyanxious 忧虑的cautioncautious 十分小心的；谨慎的somecuriositycurious 好奇的humorhumorous 幽默的tiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletroublesome 麻烦的ytastetasty 美味的；可口的healthhealthy 健康的wealthwealthy 富裕的；丰富的erneasteastern 东方的；向东的ishchildchildish孩子
11、气的foolfoolish 愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish 自私的2.形容词变副词的后缀在形容词后加ly可变成相应意义的副词直接加ly clearclearly清楚地slowslowly缓慢地改y为ilyhappyhappily高兴地easyeasily容易地去e加lytruetruly真诚地；确实possiblepossibly可能地命题点感悟 单句语法填空(2018全国卷)A taste for meat is _ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, p
12、igs, and cattle.解析：actually此处用副词作状语修饰系动词is。(2017全国卷) However, be_ (care) not to go to extremes.解析：careful此处表示“小心不要走极端”。根据语境和be可知此处应用形容词careful作表语。(2017全国卷) It is _(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.解析：certainly此处应该使用副词形式作状语，修饰“fun”。(2017江苏高考改编)Only five years after Steve Jobs death,
13、smartphones defeated _ (convention) PCs in sales.解析：conventional句意：仅仅在史蒂夫乔布斯去世五年后，智能手机的销售额就打败了传统的个人电脑。由空格后的名词“PCs”可知，应填形容词形式conventional，表示“传统的”。(2016浙江10月高考)I looked _ (quick) at the clock.解析：quickly根据looked可知此处应该使用副词。(2016全国卷) The title will be _ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.解析：o
14、fficially此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我，根据句子结构可知，应该使用副词officially作状语修饰动词given。(2016全国卷)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _ (regular)解析：regularly此处需要用副词形式修饰动词短语“take short breaks”。(2015全国卷)As_ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly
15、how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.解析：natural此处需要用形容词形式作定语修饰后面的名词architects。专题过关训练 .单句语法填空1They had both been sentenced to death (die)2The girl then plants a kiss on the grass in a heartwarming show of affection (affect)3My application (apply) was successful a
16、nd I spent an enjoyable month learning filmmaking.4Perhaps he can make his_fortune_(fortunate) at football.5I really needed Snow, because it was good for my recovery (recover)6I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time. Unfortunately (fortunate), I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.7People c
17、ertainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is useless (use)8There are so many different labels on food nowadays. They are not only confusing (confuse) but also misleading.9Disappointed (disappoint) as I felt at the shabby campus and t
18、he poorlyequipped classroom, I found the teachers patient.10Similarly (similar), people prefer movies that reflect their mood.11I have read lots of inspiring (inspire) stories of kindness.12In order to make myself understood, I told him how to go there as clearly (clear) as possible.13She always spo
19、ke kindly (kind) to the children.14Im looking forward to your kindly reply at your earliest convenience (convenient)15Even closest friends have quarrels, so dont take it too seriously (serious).语法填空Bri is a junior at Marquette University studying Social Welfare and Justice. She _1_ (original) came f
20、rom Monterey Park, California. Bri and her four siblings _2_ (adopt) by her two loving parents at a young age. Her parents are a main source of her _3_ (inspire) to explore the world and meet different people. Bri is always _4_ independent girl and moved away from home for college _5_ (experience) a
21、 different atmosphere. She went to Milwaukee by _6_ (she) without even visiting the city. She said, “Marquette just felt right to me.”It is no surprise that Bri began to get _7_ (involve) in many student organizations when she arrived in Marquette. Her faith guided her to join the Midnight Run team
22、and work at Campus Ministry. Midnight Run is an organization led _8_ students and provides services for the homeless and the impoverished population of Milwaukee. Bri quickly took on the leadership role of cocoordinator. Bri also took part in Justice, a student organization _9_ students advocate for
23、 change in social justice issues in Milwaukee. Through volunteering at multiple locations in Milwaukee, she is able to meet a diverse population of individuals and build relationships. She loves it when people are _10_ (passion) about their dreams and she also enjoys pushing individuals to do what t
24、hey love.语篇解读：Bri是马凯特大学的大学生，她积极参加各种公益组织，去帮助他人并且维护社会正义。1.originally修饰动词came，故用副词形式。2were adopted“Bri and her four siblings”与adopt 之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。3inspiration根据语境可知，她想要去探索世界接触不同的人的灵感主要源于她的父母。用在形容词性物主代词之后，故用名词形式，inspiration“灵感”。4an根据语境可知，她一直是一个独立的女孩。故用不定冠词修饰， independent的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。5to experience根据语境可知，为了体验一种不同的氛围，她离开家去上大学。此处用动词不定式短语作状语，表示目的。6herself根据语境可知，她甚至没有游览过密尔沃基，就独自一个人去了那里。by herself表示“独自地”。7involvedget involved in“参加，参与”，为固定搭配。8by根据语境可知，Midnight Run 是一个由学生领导的组织，故用介词by。9where先行词是organization，定语从句缺少地点状语。10passionate固定搭配be passionate about 表示“热衷于；热爱”。