1、高考题型重组练(十二).阅读理解A2019长春市质量监测二 My wife and I were at a crowded grocery store not long ago. It was a weekday evening, cold and wet and tense. People were carelessly blocking aisles, complaining and cutting one another off with their carts. Things got worse at the checkout line. The cashier scanned a m
2、ans discount card, but he misread the savings on her screen as an additional charge. He decided she was acting deliberately and began to argue. “She is being spiteful (恶意的)！” he yelled. “This is unbelievable.” Other customers looked away as the cashier tried to reason with him. She called a manager,
3、 who accompanied the man to customer service. Shaken, she moved to the next customer in line. Weve all witnessed uncomfortable scenes like this in public places. The grocery scene was another example of how our trust in others has eroded. But it was also a teachable moment on how we can rebuild our
4、faith starting with just one person. Back at the grocery store, my wife and I reached our uneasy cashier. I grabbed a bottle of water from a nearby cooler and handed it to her. “We felt bad about how that man treated you and wanted to buy this for you，” I said. Her face lit up, and we talked as she
5、scanned our items. She told us she had been working that evening through severe foot pain and would be having surgery later that week. We wished her well in her recovery, and she thanked us as we left. Those are the balancing acts, the moments of responding social and emotional pain with healing, wh
6、ich will add up to restore trust among people. You can start that pattern in someone elses life, even in a place as ordinary as the neighborhood grocery store.体裁：夹叙夹议题材：个人经历主题：人与人之间信任感的缺失和重建【语篇解读】本文记叙了作者和妻子在一个杂货店中遇到了一位男士与收银员争吵，从而发觉人与人之间缺乏信任，而作者和妻子买水安慰收银员，以期重新建立人与人之间的信任。1Why did the man at the checko
7、ut line argue with the cashier?AThe cashier called a manager to help her.BSomeone jumped the queue waiting to check out.CThere was something wrong with his discount card.DHe believed the cashier charged him more on purpose.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“but he misread the savings on her screen as an addition
8、al charge. He decided she was acting deliberately and began to argue.”可知，他误把省下来的钱当成了额外的收费，他认为收银员是故意的，并和她吵了起来。也就是说，他认为收银员是故意多收他的钱。故选D项。2Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “eroded” in Paragraph 5?AChanged. BIncreased.CFaded. DFormed.答案与解析：C考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“Weve all witnessed un
9、comfortable scenes like this in public places. The grocery scene was another example of how our trust in others has eroded.”可知，我们都在公共场所目睹过这些不愉快的场面。而这些不愉快也说明了人与人之间缺乏信任，即彼此之间的信任削弱了。因此，erode与fade同义，意为“逐渐削弱；消失”。故选C项。3Why did the author buy a bottle of water for the cashier?AHe thought the cashier might
10、feel a little bit thirsty.BHe knew she had gone through much trouble recently.CHe wanted to restore the trust between her and the man.DHe wanted to comfort her after the terrible experience just now.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“We felt bad about how that man treated you and wanted to buy this for you”可知，
11、作者和妻子对于那个男人对待收银员的方式感到难过，因此给收银员买了一瓶水。由此可知，他们是想要安慰收银员。故选D项。4What is the last paragraph intended to do?AAdd a warning. BMake a suggestion.CIntroduce a topic. DPresent an argument.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。作者在最后一段呼吁人们行动起来，增强人与人之间的信任。因此，最后一段是作者对读者的建议。故选B项。B2019南昌二模 Robots are now being employed not just for dangerou
12、s tasks, such as discovering mines or rescuing people in disasters. They are also finding applications as household help and as nursing assistants. As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the qu
13、estion of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent. A team led by Sari Nijssen of Radboud University and Markus Paulus, Professor of Developmental Psychology at LudwigMaximiliansUniversitat (LMU), have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show conce
14、rn for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles. According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question: “Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives？” The participants were faced with a hypothetical (假设的) moral dile
15、mma: Would they be prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons? In the situations presented the intended victim was either a human, a humanoid robot that had been humanized to various degrees or a robot that was clearly recognizable as a machine. The study sug
16、gested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it. Situations that included vivid stories in which the robot was described as a merciful being or as a creature with its own understandings, experiences and thoughts, were more likely to stop the study part
17、icipants from sacrificing it in the interests of anonymous (无名的) humans. “This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot，” says Paulus. “One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far. Such efforts could come
18、 into conflict with their intended function to be of help to us.”体裁：说明文题材：科技前沿主题：人性化机器人【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。机器人不仅可以帮助人类执行危险的任务，现代智能机器人还能帮助人们处理日常生活问题。研究表明，将机器人过于人性化的尝试将对人产生困扰。【难句分析】The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it.分析：该句为主从复合句。句中tha
19、t引导宾语从句，作及物动词suggested的宾语；“the比较级，the比较级”表示“越，越”。译文：研究表明，机器人人性化越高，参与者越不可能牺牲它。5What has become a concern about robots?AHow to humanize them.BHow to treat them in life.CHow to use them effectively.DHow to find more applications.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“the question of how people see them and behave towar
20、ds them becomes ever more urgent”和第二段中的“have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles”可知，如何在生活中对待机器人已经成为人们担心的一个问题，故B项正确。6In the study the participants probably have to decide _.Awhen to sacrifice a robotBwhe
21、re to experience risksCwhich robot to work withDwhat robots should be like答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question: Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives？”可知，该研究将要回答“在什么情况下成年人愿意牺牲机器人来拯救人类生命
22、？”这一问题，故A项正确。7What can be inferred from Paulus words?AHumanized robots offer less help to people.BHumanizing robots too much may be improper.CCertain moral status should be attached to robots.DConflicts often happen between humans and robots.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据本文最后两句Paulus所说的话可知，Paulus认为，这一发现表明，使机器人人性化
23、的尝试不应该走得太远。这些努力可能会与机器人的预期功能(帮助人类)发生冲突。据此可推知，Paulus认为机器人过于人性化可能不恰当，故B项正确。8Which of the following would be the best title for the text?ARobots, a Must for FutureBHumanized Robots, a New TrendCRobots Saved, People Take the HitDHumanized Robots Replace Human答案与解析：C考查标题判断。通读全文可知，本文主要提出“过度将机器人人性化，将人的道德水准赋
24、予机器人，将会使人受到困扰”这一观点，故C项最适合作本文标题。.七选五2019成都第三次诊断Society tells us that you cant teach an old dog new tricks. But it doesnt have to be that way. A new study published in Human Development points out that using a proper approach to learning can help people of any age take on and rise to new challenges. _
25、1_Venture outside your comfort zone. As adults, we tend to use similar skills day in and day out: We take jobs in fields were already good at, drive the same routes to the same places, and fall into routines were comfortable with. _2_ Switching to something more challenging may have more cognitive b
26、enefits._3_ A fear of making mistakes is another reason adults are so slow to learn new things; if we try and fail, we can face criticism, lose money, or get fired. Thats why its important to build up a support network of people at work and at home who allow you to make mistakes and learn from them.
27、Make a serious commitment and dont give up. _4_ If you can afford it, spending money on a new pursuit for example, booking a trip to Rome to practice your Italian might also make it harder to throw in the towel.Learn more than one thing at once. We tend to zero in on one hobby or one skill. But divi
28、ding that time and energy into three or four areas will stretch your brain in all different directions. _5_ For example, maybe you started learning a new language in 2018, and this year you add singing lessons, and next year you try something else. You can add things gradually based on what you can
29、handle.ATurn to your friends and family.BThe following strategies will do the trick.CSurround yourself with encouraging people.DTelling friends about your new goal can help keep you motivated.EBut all this familiarity limits the parts of the brain were using regularly.FThat doesnt mean you should st
30、art all the new challenges all at once, though.GSo feeling comfortable can reduce stress and make you happier and more productive.体裁：说明文题材：社会生活主题：如何迎接新的挑战【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了几个迎接新的挑战的策略。1答案与解析：B文章第二至第五段分别给出迎接挑战的策略。由此可知，该空承上启下，故选B。2答案与解析：E根据空前一句可知，我们倾向于日复一日地用相似的技能：从事我们擅长的领域的工作，开车走相同的路线，去相同的地方，做我们觉得舒服的事；结合空后
31、的“Switching to something more challenging”可推知，这种熟悉限制了我们正在经常使用的大脑的部分，故选E。3答案与解析：C空处为本段的主题句。通读本段可知，本段讲述的是寻找支持你的人的重要性，故C项符合语境。4答案与解析：D根据该空前一句可知，做出一个严肃的承诺且不放弃。由此可推知，空处应是表明向谁承诺以及承诺做出后的作用。故D项符合语境。5答案与解析：F根据本段首句可知，一次可以多学点东西；空后一句是说，比如，你可能在2018年开始学一门新的语言，今年你添加了歌唱课，下一年你尝试其他的东西。由此可知，F项“但是这并不意味着你应该一次性开始所有新的挑战”符
32、合语境。.短文改错2019广州综合测试二It was a still and quiet morning on the lake. There was no human voices or cars to break the silent. It was a perfect day for fishing.We sat at there, afraid to talk, thinking fish would hear us and flee. My father, hold our lunch bag in one hand, passed me a sandwich. It was ter
33、rible hot and clouds of mosquito were feasting on my blood. With my legs covering with bite marks, I complained, “When will the fish come？”Suddenly I felt a fish bite. My father became so excited as I was, and together we pulled the fish out that would be part of us dinner that night.答案与解析：It was a
34、still and quiet morning on the lake. There wa no human voices or cars to break the silen. It was a perfect day for fishing.We sat there, afraid to talk, thinking fish would hear us and flee. My father, hol our lunch bag in one hand, passed me a sandwich. It was terribl hot and clouds of mosquit were
35、 feasting on my blood. With my legs coverin with bite marks, I complained, “When will the fish come？”Suddenly I felt a fish bite. My father became s excited as I was, and together we pulled the fish out that would be part of u dinner that night.was改为were考查主谓一致。此处为“there be”句型，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则，靠近be动词的名词词
36、组“human voices”为复数形式，故谓语动词用复数。silent改为silence考查名词。根据其前的“the”并根据语境可知，该处应用名词形式。删除at考查介词。there为副词，直接用在不及物动词sit的后面，介词at多余，故删除。thinking后加the考查冠词。根据第一段第一句中的“on the lake”和第一段尾句中的“for fishing”可知，该处特指该湖里的鱼，故用定冠词the。hold改为holding考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，主语My father和动词hold之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，此处作伴随状语，故用现在分词形式。terrible改为terribl
37、y考查副词。副词修饰形容词，该处修饰形容词hot，表示“非常炎热”，故用terrible的副词形式。mosquito改为mosquito(e)s考查名词的单复数。mosquito为可数名词，根据该句中的“clouds of”可知，该处指一群蚊子，故用复数形式。covering改为covered考查with的复合结构。分析该句结构可知，my legs为该句中With的宾语，后接宾语补足语；my legs和动词cover之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用with sth. done结构。so改为as考查固定用法。as形容词/副词原级as.为固定用法，表示“和一样”。根据该句中的“excited as I was”和语境可知，该处应用as。否定比较时用not so/as形容词/副词原级as.。us改为our考查人称代词。根据该句中的“we”并结合“dinner”可知，该处表示“我们的晚餐”，故用形容词性物主代词our。