1、Section Learning About Language非限制性定语从句考点一非限制性定语从句的引导词1关系代词的选择(1)非限制性定语从句不能用关系代词 that 引导。指人时，如果引导词在从句中作主语，要用 who，作宾语要用 whom/who；指物时要用 which/as。在句中，即使引导词作的是宾语也不能省略。Mr Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my fathers.张先生昨天来看我，他是我父亲的一位老朋友。(作主语)Peter, whom you met in London, is now ba
2、ck in Paris.彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。(作宾语，不能省略)(2)as 和 which 的选择1)as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可置于句首、句中和句末先行词不可是一个词，通常是整个主句as 有“正如，就像”的意思，表示依据、评论、态度、看法等常用于以下动词的主、被动语态：know， say， expect， suggest， report 等She has been late again, as was expected.她又迟到了，这是预料之中的事。(位于句末)As we had expected, Tom passed the driving test.正如我们预
3、料的那样，汤姆通过了驾照考试。(位于句首)Global warming, as we all know, has caused a lot of natural disasters.众所周知，温室效应已经引发了很多自然灾害。(位于句中)2)which 引导的非限制性定语从句These apple trees, which I planted three years ago, have not produced any fruits.这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。(which 指代 these apple trees)Tom passed the driving test, whic
4、h made his parents very happy.汤姆通过了驾照考试，这使他的父母很高兴。(which 指代整个主句)He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.他说他以前从没见过她，这不是真的。(which 指代主句中的宾语从句)2关系副词的选择在非限制性定语从句中，关系副词(when, where, why)的选择方法和在限制性定语从句中的一样，即引导词在从句中作时间状语时用 when，作地点状语时用 where，作原因状语时用 why。The story in the book happened i
5、n Canada, where Doctor Bethune was born.书中的故事发生在加拿大，白求恩大夫就是在那里出生的。I left on Sunday, when everyone was at home.我星期日离开的，那天所有人都在家。考点二限制性/非限制性定语从句的区别区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号与主句隔开。如：Do you remember the man who taught us English？你还记得教我们英语的那个人吗？用逗号与主句隔开。如：Ive been to London, which is a beautiful city.我去过伦敦
6、，那是一座美丽的城市。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删去，句子意思将不完整。如：This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday.这就是他昨天丢的那本书。只是对先行词的补充说明，如删去，句子意思仍然完整、明确。如：The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found.这本书已经找到了，他昨天弄丢了它。译法上译成先行词的定语。如：He is the man who lives next to me.他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。通常译成与主句并列的分句。如：He is a generous man, who
7、 lives next to me.他很慷慨，他住在我隔壁。关系词的使用上1.作宾语时可省略1.不可省略2.可用 that2.不可用 that考点三“介词关系代词”引导定语从句1关系代词的选取在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词通常用 whom，不可用 who 和 that；先行词指物时关系代词通常用 which，不能用 that。注意：关系代词在从句中作定语时，要用 whose。The young man with whom I travelled could speak French.同我一起旅行的那个年轻人会说法语。This is the ring on which she spent 1,
8、000 dollars.这就是她花1 000美元买的戒指。This is Mr Smith, in whose factory we work.这就是史密斯先生，我们就在他的工厂里工作。2介词的选取(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。该动词与介词搭配构成动词短语。Is this the car for which you paid a high price?这就是你花高价买的车吗？(pay for sth.)She is the person with whom I talked.她就是我曾与之交谈的人。(talk with sb.)(2)根据定语从句中的主要形容词与介词的
9、搭配确定介词。该形容词与介词搭配构成形容词短语。He brought the result with which the boss was satisfied.他带来了老板非常满意的结果。(3)根据先行词与介词的搭配确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词，它与介词之间有一定的联系。Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time？你还记得我们第一次见面的日子吗？Do you still remember the days during which we worked together? 你还记得我们
10、在一起工作的那些日子吗？(4)根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词与介词也不能构成固定的动词短语，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。3.“介词关系代词”的特殊用法(1)含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开使用，即介词不能提前，常见的此类短语动词有 look for, li
11、sten to, look after, take care of 等。这就是我正在寻找的手表。【正】This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for.【误】This is the watch for which I am looking.(2)“介词关系代词”前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few, three, several 等代词或数词(相当于“介词关系代词代词/数词”)，也可以有名词(相当于“whose名词”)。I bought many books yesterd
12、ay, three/most of which (of which three/most) are written by Lu Xun.我昨天买了很多书，其中三本/大部分是鲁迅写的。(3)介词 in, on, at, for 等与关系代词 which 一起引导定语从句时，有时可用相应的关系副词 when, where, why 等替换。The reason for which (why) he refused the invitation is not clear.他拒绝邀请的理由还不清楚。Great changes have taken place in the city in which
13、(where) I was born.我出生的城市发生了很大的变化。(4)“the名词of which/whom”一般可用“whose名词”替换，非正式文体中可以用“of which/whomthe名词”替换。I came across a sentence when reading the newspaper, the meaning of which I didnt understand.I came across a sentence when reading the newspaper, whose meaning I didnt understand.我看报纸时碰到一个句子，我无法理
14、解它的意思。单句语法填空1We have launched another manmade satellite, which is announced in todays newspaper.2Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, who,_for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.3There is no simple answer, as is often the case in science.4Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for
15、Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.5I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me.6I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade, when I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the br
16、anches of a tree.7I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, as many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin do.8Whenever I met her, which was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.9Just as a famous saying goes, every coin has two sides.10The famous footballer, in whose h
17、onour a party will be held, is to arrive this afternoon.11As is reported in the newspaper, a serious accident has happened recently.12The owner paid the worker for cleaning the whole building, most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least one month.13I shall never forget those years when I lived in the country with the farmers, which has a great effect on my life.14Her father works in a factory, where he makes cars.15The old lady has two daughters, one of whom is working abroad.16This is one of the reasons why you have to give it up.
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