1、第二课时Using language.词汇初探1forecast n. 预测；预报 vt. 预报forecast/forecast或forecasted/forecasted (过去式/过去分词)2grab v. 获取；抓住3reliable adj. 可信赖的；可靠的reliably adv. 可靠地rely vi. 相信；依赖4rescue n& vt. 援救；营救5emergency n. 紧急情况；突发事件emerge v. 发现，显现出来emergent adj. 紧急的6typhoon n. 台风7claim v. (战争、事故等)夺去(生命)8threaten v. 威胁thre
2、atening adj. 恐吓的；具有威胁的threat n. 威胁9satellite n. 人造卫星10precisely adv. 精确地，准确地precise adj. 精确的，准确的.短语互译1省略；遗漏 leave_out2在路上；即将来临 on_the_way3朝前进 head_for4遭受 suffer_from5in history 在历史上6consist of 由组成7result in 导致8lead to 导致；通向.经典句式1It_is also said_that mice and snakes head for safer ground several days
3、 before an earthquake，while dogs avoiding the beach may be a sign that a tsunami is approaching.(P65)据说，地震前几天，老鼠和蛇会前往更安全的地方，而狗避开海滩可能是海啸即将来临的征兆。2On_hearing the news，China was quick to start organising emergency aid.(P65)听到这个消息，中国很快就开始组织紧急援助。3By early May, emergency aid worth 9.7 million US dollars ha
4、d_been_donated by China，with a further round of emergency aid to follow.(P65)到5月初，中国已捐赠了970万美元的紧急援助，随后将有新一轮的紧急援助。.语法初探单句语法填空1When walking (walk) in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.2Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients dont take medicine as directed (direct)3Just now the
5、patient opened her mouth as if to_say (say) something to her husband.4Will you leave for Australia for vacation on May Day?No, we finally decided not to.5It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. If so,_wed better take it to the garage immediately.1 教材原句So, for accurate and reliable pr
6、edictions，its best to check an official，scientific report.(P65)所以，为了准确可靠的预测，最好检查一份官方的科学报告。She is reliable and she always keeps her word.她可以信赖，她总是说到做到。 归纳拓展rely vt.& vi. 依赖；信赖rely on/upon 依靠(同义词depend on/upon)rely on itthat 从句指望；相信(某事) 即时巩固单句语法填空/完成句子Is the source of the information reliable (rely)?D
7、ont rely on/upon others all the time.You may rely_on_it_that he will pay back all the debts.你相信好了，他会偿还所有债务的。2 教材原句International rescue teams soon began to arrive in the country.(P65)国际救援队很快就开始抵达该国。Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.一些救援工人和医生被困在了废墟之下。 归纳拓展come/go to s
8、b.s rescue 前来(去)救某人rescue sb. from. 把某人从中解救出来 即时巩固单句语法填空We were about to close down the business, but the bank came to our rescue with a huge loan.The whole family were_rescued (rescue) from the fire last night.She died trying to rescue her children from the big fire.3 教材原句Caused by exceptionally he
9、avy snowfall within a short period of time，they destroyed buildings and forests，and claimed over 256 lives.(P66)由于短时间内的特大降雪，雪灾摧毁了建筑物和森林，夺去了256多人的生命。 归纳拓展(1)claim to do sth./that. 声称/主张做claim to have done sth. 声称做过某事It is claimed that. 有人主张(2)make a claim for sth. 要求；对提出赔偿要求lay claim to 据理力争；有权利去获得 即
10、时巩固单句语法填空/完成句子He claimed to_be (be) the owner of the car.As the victim in the accident, I will make a claim for the injuries I suffered.Doctors claimed to_have_discovered (discover) a cure for the disease.It_was_claimed_that some doctors were working 80 hours a week.据说有些医生每周工作80小时。1 教材原句What has bee
11、n left out in sentences (a) and (b)？(P65)在句子(a)和(b)中省去了什么？ 归纳拓展leave for someplace 离开去某地leave behind 遗留，遗忘leave off 停止；不再使用；戒除leave sb. alone 不打扰某人，不管某人leave sth. aside 不予考虑，搁在一边 即时巩固(1)写出下列句中leave out 的含义In copying this paper, be careful not to leave out any word.漏掉You can leave out the parts of th
12、e story that are not interesting.省去Mary talked to the shy girl so that she wouldnt feel left out.忽视We left out the possibility of his coming to the party.没考虑(2)介、副词填空They were so careless that they left out an important detail.He was left behind in physics after he missed three classes.She wants to
13、think things out quietly, so we had better leave her alone.2 教材原句Unusual animal behaviour, for example, can indicate whether its cold，wet weather thats on the way or a hot，dry period.(P65)例如，不寻常的动物行为可以表明，是寒冷潮湿的天气还是炎热干燥的时期即将来临。He stopped for breakfast on the way.他中途停下吃早点。 归纳拓展all the way 一路上；一直；完全by
14、way of 经由；途经by the way 顺便说in a way 在某种程度上in the way 妨碍；挡路in this way 以这种方法in no way 决不；无论如何都不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)on ones way to. 在某人去的途中lose ones way 迷路make ones way (to). 朝去 即时巩固完成句子They have got three kids and one on_the_way.他们有三个孩子，还有一个尚未出生。In_a_way,_Im a little surprised he accepted the offer.从某种意义
15、上讲，他接受了这个报价让我觉得有点儿惊讶。Dont stand in_the_way. Move aside and let me pass.不要挡着路，靠边点让我过去。3 教材原句Winter storms brought as much as 7.9 metres of snow in the south of the country, resulting in the deaths of about 4,000 people.(P66)冬季风暴给该国南部带来了高达7.9米的降雪，导致约4 000人死亡。 归纳拓展(1)as a result 结果as a result of 因为；由于；
16、作为的结果without result 徒劳；毫无结果(2)result from 因引起 巧学妙记 即时巩固完成句子The terrible accident resulted_from a drivers drunkdriving.A drivers drunkdriving resulted_in the terrible accident.那场可怕的事故是由一个司机醉酒驾车而引起的。They departed as_a_result_of the endless quarrels.Their departure resulted_from the endless quarrels.由于
17、无休止的争吵，他们分手了。As_a_result I totally changed my shape.结果我完全改变了我的形状。On hearing the news, China was quick to start organising emergency aid.(P65)听到这个消息，中国很快就开始组织紧急援助。 句式分析onv.ing形式引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”。On seeing her, the king immediately falls in love with her.一看见她，国王就爱上了她。 归纳拓展“一就”的常见表达形式还有：(1)immediately, d
18、irectly, instantly.(2)the moment, the minute, the instant.(3)no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when. 即时巩固单句语法填空On/Upon arriving, Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed.I recognized her instantly (instant) I saw her.No sooner had she said it than she burst into tears.省略在英语中，有时为
19、了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。一、简单句中的省略1祈使句中的省略(You) Come early tomorrow.(I) Thank you for your help.(You) Open the door，please.2口语中的省略How is your mother today? (Shes) Much better.(Is there) Anything else?3感叹句中的省略What fine weather (it is)!What beautiful flowers (the
20、y are)!How wonderful an idea (it is)!4某些名词的省略名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时经常被省略。I met him at the doctors (office)我在诊所见到过他。二、并列句中的省略1后面的分句中与前面相同的部分常被省略，这种现象又称为承前省略。She was poor but (she was) honest.她贫穷但是诚实。Bob has done his homework，but Tom hasnt (done his homework)鲍勃做了他的家庭作业，可是汤姆却没有。2有时并列句中的
21、省略部分出现在前面的分句中，看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的完整意义。Bob works (in London)，and Peter lives in London.鲍勃在伦敦工作，彼得住在伦敦。三、主从复合句中的省略1宾语从句中的省略在宾语从句中，连词that常省略，但当有多个并列宾语从句时，只能省略第一个that。I know (that) she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.我知道她是一个老师，也是一个优秀的作家。2状语从句中的省略在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词含有be，从句的主语又和主句的主语一致，或者从句的主语是it
22、，常常可以把从句中的主语和be一起省略掉。这种省略现象通常出现在以when，while，as，until，once，whether，if，unless，though，even if，where等连词连接的时间、条件、让步、地点等状语从句中。He fell in love with the girl while (he was) on a visit to New York.他是在游览纽约时爱上那位姑娘的。He will not go to the party even if (he is) invited.即使受到邀请，他也不去参加晚会。3定语从句中的省略若引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中
23、作宾语，该关系代词一般可省略。The car (which/that) his father gave him as a birthday present was stolen.他父亲送给他作为生日礼物的那辆汽车被盗了。四、不定式的省略1并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。He told me to stay there and (to) wait for him.他叫我在那儿等他。The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more diff
24、icult.新技术的目的是要让生活更轻松自在，而不是让生活更困难。2某些使役动词，如make，let，have等和感官动词，如see, watch, notice, observe等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不能省略。My mother wouldnt let me go to see the film.我妈妈不会让我去看那部电影的。He was noticed to leave the office.有人注意到他离开了办公室。3不定式to后面的内容也可承前省略。但倘若承前省略的不定式含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式，to后要保留原形have或be。
25、After he came back from the war,he was a mere shadow of the man he used to be.从战场返回后，他就虚弱得不成样子了。Have you told Ann about her failure in the test?Yes，but I oughtnt to have (told her about it)你告诉安关于她考试不及格的事情了吗？是的。但是我本来不该告诉她。4介词but, except(除了)前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to。He could do nothing but give in to
26、the robber.他什么也不能做只能屈服于劫匪了。 即时巩固.单句语法填空1In the car accident the child was hurt，but the mother killed (kill)2What do you think made Mary so upset?Losing (lose) her bicycle.3The results of the medical checkup suggested that my father was in poor health，so the doctor suggested that he (should)_give (gi
27、ve) up smoking and take more exercise.4Why didnt you come to my birthday party yesterday evening? You promised to come!I would have,_but I had to look after my sister.5We will have a meeting the day after tomorrow, but we dont know where.6Would you like to go with us?Yes, Id like to.7Have you got an
28、y particular plans for the coming winter vacation?Yes. If possible, Im going to visit my grandparents.8Video games can be a poor influence if left (leave) in the wrong hands.9Had it not been for our teachers, wed never have been able to enter this university.10Girls used to take fewer advanced math
29、courses than boys but now they are taking just as many. 句型转换1When you are listening to your teacher，you must be careful.When listening_to your teacher，you must be careful.2You shouldnt come to his party unless you are invited.You shouldnt come to his party unless invited.3I bought two books in the b
30、ookstore and they are very interesting.The two books I_bought in the bookstore are very interesting.单词拼写1The teacher forecasted (预测) that all of his pupils would pass the examination.2You can depend on it that the news comes from a reliable (可靠的) source.3They were trying every possible means to resc
31、ue (营救) the miners trapped underground.4None of us had seen an emergency (紧急情况) like this and we were all terrified.5He claims (声称) that he has got one of the earliest British stamps, but nobody believes him.6Millions of people are threatened (威胁) with starvation as a result of poor harvests.7China
32、has put a man in space and proved it can shoot down an orbiting satellite (卫星) with a ballistic missile.8She grabbed (抓住) the childs hand and ran.选词填空1Several local residents claimed_to have seen a monster in the lake.2She had a pleasant experience on_the_way home.3If you study in a systematic way,
33、you wont leave anything out.4Buried in her novel, she didnt look_up when I came in.5As we all know, the UK is a large country consisting_of four parts.6As we know，with the development of economy，the number of cars is increasing very rapidly，thus resulting_in some social problems.语法练习完成句子1.He will go to Beijing tomorrow if he is_allowed_to.如果被允许的话，他明天将去北京。2Did you buy milk?No, I_meant_to,_but the shop was shut.你买牛奶了吗？没有，我本打算买的，但商店关门了。3The workers were made_to_overwork.工人们被迫加班。4We have nothing to do now but_wait.我们现在除了等，什么都做不了。5Im really puzzled how_to_think_and_say.我很疑惑，不知道怎样去想和怎样去说。
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