1、第一部分选修六Unit 4.阅读理解(2014皖南八校第二次联考)We sometimes think global warming or climate change is a problem very far away from our lives, and that only the government needs to worry about it. But its hardly possible to completely stay out of itscientists are now 95 percent sure that humans have been the “domi
2、nant cause” of global warming trends since the 1950s.One of the conclusions of a report released on Sept 27 by the United Nations says that human activities have caused global temperatures to rise by 0.89 between 1901 and 2012. That might not seem like a lot, but the truth is that a major part of th
3、at heat has been absorbed into the oceans, which is not surprising given that they cover two thirds of Earths surface. Also, water has a much greater capacity (容量) to absorb heat than the air does, according to The Economist.While many greenhouse gases occur naturally and are needed to keep the Eart
4、h warm enough to support life, humans use of fossil fuels is the main source of excess (多余的) greenhouse gases. According to CNN, by driving cars, using electricity produced by burning coal and oil or heating our homes with coal or natural gas, we release a large amount of greenhouse gases into the a
5、tmosphere.Your body can barely feel a difference of 0.89， but the Earths ecosystems are so sensitive that even small changes can disturb them. It often starts with the smallest creatures at the bottom of the food chain, eventually affecting bigger animals, many of which could end up becoming extinct
6、.Global warming is also linked to an increase in extreme weather. A larger amount of carbon dioxide traps more energy inside the atmosphere. This changes the patterns of storms and rainfall in many regions and can lead to droughts and floods. Worse still, melting sea ice in warmer oceans is causing
7、sea levels to rise at a speed of more than three millimeters per year, according to The Guardian, which also increases the risk of flooding.“The report should serve as another wakeup call that our activities today have a profound impact on society, not only for us, but for many generations to come，”
8、 French Michel Jarraud, secretarygeneral of the World Meteorological Organization, said at a news conference.文章大意：全球变暖不是只有政府才关心的事，它与我们每个人都息息相关。1The underlined word “dominant” in the first paragraph means “ _”Acommon BindirectCsecondary Dleading答案：D猜测词义题。画线词所在句意：现在科学家可以95%确定人类是20世纪50年代以来全球变暖的主要原因。所以画
9、线词意为“主要的”。2Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?AGreenhouse gases have been proven to harm merely the Earth.BThere is little we can do to prevent global warming. CGlobal warming can increase the chances of droughts and floods. DThe hugeness of oceans makes them better a
10、bsorbers of heat than the air.答案：C细节理解题。由第五段第三句话“This changes the patterns of storms and rainfall in many regions and can lead to droughts and floods.”可知，C项正确。3The rise in global temperatures between 1901 and 2012 _. Ais more harmful to smaller creatures than bigger ones Bis not serious because most
11、 of the extra heat has been absorbed by the oceansChas made the Earths ecosystems more sensitive to changes Dis likely to cause many species to become extinct答案：D细节理解题。由第四段最后一句话“It often starts with the smallest creatures at the bottom of the food chain, eventually affecting bigger animals, many of
12、which could end up becoming extinct.”可知，D项正确。4What is Michel Jarrauds attitude toward the report released by the UN?ANegative. BSupportive.CDoubtful. DUninterested. 答案：B推理判断题。由最后一段他所说的话“The report should serve as another wakeup call that our activities today have a profound impact on society, not on
13、ly for us, but for many generations to come”可推知，他认为联合国的报告对我们有提醒作用，所以是支持该报告的。.完形填空(2014南京市、盐城市二模)Mark Twain said that “habit is habit, and not to be flung(扔) out the window by anyone, but coaxed(劝诱) downstairs a step at a time.” The chances of successfully changing negative behavior _1_ when you make
14、 gradual changes that give you time to _2_ negative patterns for positive ones.On any given day, countless numbers of us get out of bed and _3_ to begin to change a given behavior “today”. Whether it be exercising more, drinking less, managing time _4_ or some other change in a negative behavior, we
15、 start out with high _5_. In a short time, however, a vast majority of people fail and are soon doing _6_ it was they thought they shouldnt be doing.After considerable research, some researchers believe that behavior changes usually do not _7_ if they start with the change itself. _8_， they believe
16、that we must _9_ a series of “stages” to adequately prepare ourselves for that _10_ change. Once you have analyzed all the factors that _11_ what you do, you must decide which behaviorchange technique will work best for you.According to the psychologist Albert Ellis, most _12_ problems and related b
17、ehaviors arise from irrational(不理性的) statements that people make to _13_ when events in their lives are different from what they would like them to be. For example, suppose after doing _14_ on an exam, you say to yourself，“I cant believe I failed that easy exam. Im so stupid.” By changing this irrat
18、ional “catastrophic” selftalk into rational, _15_ statements about what is really going on, you can increase the _16_ that positive behaviors will occur.Positive selftalk might be _17_ as follows: “I really didnt study enough for the exam. I just need to prepare for the next _18_.”Such selftalk will
19、 help you to recover quickly from _19_ and take positive steps to correct the situation. Some other technique like purposefully _20_ or stopping negative thoughts and refusing to dwell on(沉湎于) negative images can also spare you wasted energy, time and emotional resources and move on to positive chan
20、ges.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“我们”自身养成的一些坏习惯不是一朝一夕就能改变的。想成功地改掉这些消极的行为就必须给“我们”一些时间用积极的行为来替代消极的行为。1AdeclineBremain Cdisappear Dimprove答案：D考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“when you make gradual changes that give you time to _2_ negative patterns for positive ones”可知，此处是指成功地改变消极行为的可能性会得到改善。improve意为“改善，提高”，符合语境。故选D项。decline意为“下降
21、”；remain意为“仍然，保持”；disappear意为“消失”，均与语境不符。2Asubstitute Bcancel Cfind Dignore答案：A考查动词辨析。由语境可知，此处指用一些积极的行为来替代一些消极的行为。固定短语：substitute sth.for sth.意为“用来替代”，符合语境。故选A项。cancel意为“取消”；find意为“找到，发现”；ignore意为“忽视”，均与语境不符。3Arefuse Bdetermine Chesitate Dadvocate答案：B考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“.we start out with high _5_. In a s
22、hort time, however, a vast majority of people fail.”可知，每天无数人起床之后都下定决心从“今天”开始改变一些行为。determine意为“下决心”，符合语境。故选B项。refuse意为“拒绝”；hesitate意为“犹豫”；advocate意为“提倡”，均与语境不符。4Amore Bbetter Cworse Dless答案：B考查副词辨析。根据上文中的“be exercising more，drinking less”(多锻炼，少喝酒)可知，此处指更好地安排时间。better意为“更好地”，符合语境。故选B项。more意为“更多”；wors
23、e意为“更糟糕”；less意为“更少”，均与语境不符。5Avalues Brequirements Cexpectations Dlevels答案：C考查名词辨析。根据下文可知，此处指我们带着高的期望值开始。expectation意为“期待”，符合语境。故选C项。value意为“价值”；requirement意为“要求”；level意为“水平”，均与语境不符。6Awhichever Bhowever Cwherever Dwhatever答案：D考查名词性从句。根据句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作“was”的表语，且没有范围限制，所以使用whatever，意为“无论什么”。故选D
24、项。whichever意为“无论哪个(些)”，有范围限制；however意为“无论怎样”；wherever意为“无论哪里”，均与语境不符。7Asucceed Bfail Cexist Dfade答案：A考查动词辨析。根据下文可知，文中认为必须要经历一系列的阶段来为最终的改变做好充分准备，因此如果只是改变习惯本身是不会成功的。succeed意为“成功”，符合语境。故选A项。fail意为“失败”；exist意为“存在”；fade意为“凋谢，褪色”，均与语境不符。8ANevertheless BOtherwise CInstead DMoreover答案：C考查副词辨析。根据上文“改变习惯本身是不会
25、成功的”和下文“我们必须要经历一系列的阶段为最终的改变做好充分准备”可知，此处是肯定后者否定前者，instead意为“相反”，符合语境。故选C项。nevertheless意为“然而“；otherwise意为“否则”；moreover意为“而且”，均与语境不符。9Alook through Bbreak through Cgo through Dpull through答案：C考查动词短语辨析。我们必须要经历一系列的阶段为最终的改变做好充分准备。go through意为“经历，通过”，符合语境。故选C项。look through意为“浏览，检查”；break through意为“突破”；pull
26、 through意为“渡过难关，恢复健康”，均与语境不符。10Ainitial Btemporary Cinstant Deventual答案：D考查形容词辨析。根据上文可知，如果我们要成功地改变这些坏的习惯，就要为最终的变化做好充分的准备。eventual意为“最后的”，符合语境。故选D项。initial意为“最初的”；temporary意为“临时的”；instant意为“立即的”，均与语境不符。11Ainvolve Binfluence Cexplain Dadjust答案：B考查动词辨析。句意为：一旦你已经分析出影响你行为的所有因素，你就必须决定出哪些改变行为的技巧会对你最起作用。inf
27、luence意为“影响”，符合语境。故选B项。involve意为“包括，涉及”；explain意为“解释”；adjust意为“调整，适应”，均与语境不符。12Aemotional Bphysical Ctechnical Dprofessional答案：A考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“related behaviors arise from irrational(不理性的)statements”可知，此处为情绪上的问题。emotional意为“情绪的”，符合语境。故选A项。physical意为“身体的，物质的”；technical意为“技术的”；professional意为“专业的”，均与语境
28、不符。13Aall Bothers Csomeone Dthemselves答案：D考查代词辨析。根据前面的主语“people”以及下文中的“in their lives”“what they would like.”和“you say to yourself”可知，此处用反身代词 themselves。故选D项。14Apoorly Bcarefully Ccompletely Dslowly答案：A考查副词辨析。根据下文中的“.you say to yourself，I cant believe I failed that easy exam.Im so stupid.”可知，此处指如果自己
29、考试考得很糟糕。poorly意为“差劲地，糟糕地，贫乏地”，符合语境。故选A项。carefully意为“小心地”；completely意为“完全地”；slowly意为“慢慢地”，均与语境不符。15Apositive Bridiculous Cnegative Dexplicit答案：A考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“that positive behaviors will occur”可知，此处应用positive，意为“积极的”，符合语境。故选A项。ridiculous意为“荒谬的”；negative意为“消极的”；explicit意为“清晰的，清楚的”，均与语境不符。16Adanger Ba
30、wareness Camount Dprobability答案：D考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“By changing this irrationalcatastrophic selftalk into rational”可知，你可以提高积极的行为发生的可能性。probability意为“可能性”，符合语境。故选D项。danger意为“危险”；awareness意为“意识”；amount意为“量”，均与语境不符。17Awritten Bphrased Clisted Dcaptioned答案：B考查动词辨析。根据下文引号中的内容可知，此处指积极的自我谈话的措辞如下phrase意为“措辞”，符合语
31、境。故选B项。write意为“写”；list意为“列出”；caption意为“给加上标题”，均与语境不符。18Aresearch Btest Ctalk Dproblem答案：B考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“I really didnt study enough for the exam.”可知，这次考试准备不足，下一次考试要好好准备。故选B项。19Atiredness Bhabits Cdisappointment Dburdens答案：C考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“I really didnt study enough for the exam.”可知，此处指这次考试没考好而引起的失望。di
32、sappointment意为“失望”，符合语境。故选C项。tiredness意为“疲劳”，habit意为“习惯”；burden意为“负担”，均与语境不符。20Arecalling Bstarting Cblocking Dholding答案：C考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“stopping negative thoughts and refusing to dwell on(沉湎于)negative images”可知，block意为“阻碍”，与句中的“stop”和“refuse”意思相近，符合语境。故选C项。recall意为“回想”；start意为“开始”；hold意为“持有”，均与语境不符。
33、.语法填空(2014海口市调测)John：Ive been noticing recently quite a lot of black smoke coming out of the chimneys of that factory near our school. _1_ really pollutes the air here.Mary：Yes. But I heard recently that the _2_(own) of the factory have promised to take measures to reduce their factorys pollution.Jo
34、hn：I hope they will keep their promise.Mary：I think they will. Ive been told that _3_ special machine is supposed to be fixed by the end of this year. Its said that the machine can clean the dust out of the smoke _4_ it goes into the air.John：Thats good. Dust is really _5_(harm) to our lungs. I know
35、 that because my family lives near a steel factory with a chimney constantly _6_(pour) out black smoke. Mary：Oh, you live near the steel factory? Is it true that we shouldnt eat the fish from the lake near the steel factory?John：Yes, thats truethe lake _7_(pollute) by waste from the steel factory. M
36、ary：Why dont they do anything to clean up the pollution?John：They always promise, _8_ they never act. A bit of action is _9_ we need. Mary：Youre quite _10_.文章大意：本文是一篇情景对话，讨论了工厂污染环境的问题。答案：1It/That考查代词。此处指上句话提到的这家工厂严重污染空气，故可以填It/That，指代上文出现的名词。注意首字母要大写。2owners考查名词。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处是“主人”的意思；同时根据题干中谓语动词“ha
37、ve promised”可知，应该用复数，故填owners。3a考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处是表示“一种”的意思。故填a。4before考查连词。根据题干结构可知，此处需要用连词来连接两句话，同时根据空格前后句意可知，所缺词意为“在之前”。故填before。5harmful考查形容词。根据题干结构可知，所填词应是形容词，故填harmful。be harmful to意为“对有害”。6pouring考查非谓语动词。根据题干中“with”可知，所填词在句中作宾补，而且与宾语之间是主动关系，强调动作正在发生。故填pouring。7has been polluted考查动词的时态和语态。根据题干大意可知，此处指被动，而且强调对现在的影响。故填has been polluted。8but考查连词。前后两句话之间是明显的转折关系。故填but，指他们总是承诺，但从不行动。9what/all考查表语从句或定语从句。根据题干结构可知，本句话是一个表语从句，从句中缺少“need”的宾语，意为“的东西”，故填what。同时what引导的名词性从句常可以转换为“all that”结构的定语从句。因为在本句中先行词在从句中作宾语，所以关系代词that可以省去。10right/correct考查形容词。此处是表示同意对方所说的，意为“对的，正确的”，故填right/correct。