1、此卷只装订不密封班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 2019-2020学年高二上学期训练卷选修六 Unit5 The power of nature英 语 （二）（本卷满分100分）一、阅读理解（每小题2分，共16分）AIt is certain that when the eruption of Vesuvius started on the morning of 24 August, 79 AD, it caught the local population unprepared. It is mainly thanks to the account of the younger Pli
2、ny that we have some understanding of what happened. And it is through him that we can gain insight into the reactions and feelings of the people caught up in the drama of this natural disaster. Plinys account leaves no doubt that everyone was caught unprepared. His uncle, known as the elder Pliny,
3、was stationed in command of the imperial(帝国的) naval base at Misenum, on the northwest extremity of the Bay of Naples. He was not only the senior military officer in the district, but possibly the most well informed living Roman on matters of natural science. His 37-volume Natural History is the long
4、est work on science in Latin that has survived from antiquity(古代).But for all his science and his seniority, his nephew told us that the elder Pliny was relaxing, after a bath and lunch, when Vesuvius started to erupt. And the sighting of a column of smoke “like an umbrella pine” on the far side of
5、the Bay caused a response more of curiosity than of alarm in him. The same account showed, however, that the signs were there. But they didnt realize the danger because the phenomenon was frequent in Vesuvius then.The eruption lasted for more than 24 hours from its start on the morning of 24 August.
6、 Those who fled at once had a chance of survival. It is clear that many, like the elder Pliny, thought their best chance was to take shelter and survived the storm.The hundreds of refugees sheltering in the street at the seaside in Herculaneum, holding their jewellery and money, met their end quickl
7、y. It is impossible to tell how many citizens died.The discovery of Pompeii is of huge importance for our modern-day understanding of the ancient Roman world. Its destruction left important questions unanswered, and made it impossible in many ways to gather a satisfactory understanding of the Roman
8、world.1. According to the passage, people nowadays have some understanding of the eruption of Vesuvius mainly through .A. the elder Plinys accountB. the younger Plinys accountC. the science book Natural HistoryD. the account of the survivors2. The elder Pliny was stationed at the naval base at Misen
9、um .A. to take charge of the baseB. to observe the eruption of VesuviusC. to rescue the refugeesD. to work on Natural History3. Many people, including the elder Pliny, didnt realize the danger from the Vesuvius eruption because .A. everything happened at nightB. they had no knowledge of volcanoesC.
10、such eruption was frequent in Vesuvius thenD. they had no chance to take shelter4. All of the following are true EXCEPT .A. the elder Pliny made a great contribution to the discovery of PompeiiB. the eruption of Vesuvius took the local people by surpriseC. countless lives were lost in a flash during
11、 the Vesuvius eruptionD. the discovery of Pompeii is of great importance for our knowledge of the ancient Roman world【答案】1-4 BACA【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，当维苏威火山爆发的时候，很多人都没有想到，因此失去了生命。通过小Pliny的描述我们才得知维苏威火山爆发时的一些情况。庞贝古城对于古罗马的历史保存有很大的贡献。1.细节理解题。根据第一段It is mainly thanks to the account of the younger Pliny that we h
12、ave some understanding of what happened可知，主要是由于小Pliny的描述我们才可以得知维苏威火山爆发时的一些情况。故B项正确。2.细节理解题。根据第一段可知，小Pliny的叔叔老Pliny当时驻扎在Misenum，负责（in command of）这个海军基地。故A项正确。3.细节理解题。根据第二段But they didnt realize the danger because the phenomenon was frequent in Vesuvius then可知，当时很多人，包括老Pliny在内，并没有意识到维苏威火山爆发可能带来的灾难，因为这
13、种现象在当时是时常发生的。故C项正确。4.细节理解题。根据文章内容可知维苏威火山的爆发是出乎当地人意料的，很多人都失去了性命。同时庞贝古城对于古罗马的历史保存有很大的贡献。文章并没有提到老Pliny为庞培的发现做出过重大贡献。故A项正确。BWe all know the feeling of walking into an air-conditioned office building on a hot summer day. Its 94 outside. Its 64 inside. Suddenly, you need a knit sweater just to sit at your
14、 desk. I know someone who used to bring a space heater to workin August.Aside from being uncomfortable, this is horrifically inefficient. The low hum of the air conditioner is the sound of coal being burned and money being spent to make you miserable at work. BuildingIQ is trying to change that. The
15、ir secret weapon? Machine learning.The company has developed cloud-based software that gathers information about a building and uses it to build a thermal model(热模型). That model can predict how much or how little energy is needed to keep the people inside comfortable by analyzing factors like indoor
16、 temperature and pressure, electricity consumption, the weather forecast, the price of electricity, and therefore tailors heating and air conditioning for maximum energy efficiency.Thanks to a recent cooperation, BuildingIQ will soon take human preferences into account. Changes to heating and air co
17、nditioning are always influenced by the limits of human comfort, and those limits vary from person to person. This data will be added into the thermal model. Imagine a retirement home where the occupants are always too cold. If the system knows this, it will reduce the air conditioning in the summer
18、 to keep grandma and grandpa nice and warm.How well does it work? BuildingIQ says it regularly saves between 10 and 25 percent on heating and air conditioning, the two items that make up 50 or 60 percent of a buildings total energy use. The software will help cut energy bills and improve comfort all
19、 while reducing our reliance on fossil fuels. It wont be long before you can leave your space heater at home.5. In Paragraph 1, the author intends to .A. complain about the coldness in air-conditioned officesB. describe the harmful effects of an unhealthy lifestyleC. criticize some peoples unawarene
20、ss to save energyD. indicate the low efficiency of the old way of air conditioning6. According to the article, what does the “thermal model” do?A. Gathering information about a buildings history.B. Learning about machines that heat a building.C. Predicting the amount of air conditioning needed.D. An
21、alyzing the physical fitness of people inside.7. The underlined word “tailor” can be best replaced by .A. limitB. adjustC. expandD. prevent8. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?A. BuildingIQ is going to be experimented at retirement homes.B. BuildingIQ will also analyze human temperature preferenc
22、es.C. People have different preferences for temperature and comfort.D. The limits of human comfort vary and change at different ages.【答案】5-8 DCBB【解析】针对传统空调的低效使用问题，BuildingIQ公司研发了一种软件解决该问题。5.推理判断题。文章第一段提到炎热的夏季人们进入写字楼时需要穿毛衣或带加热器，表明对空调的低效使用，故选D项。6.细节理解题。由文章第三段That model can predict how much or how litt
23、le to keep the people inside comfortable可知，该热模型可预测出使人们舒适状态下所需的空调量。选B。7.词义猜测题。结合语境，热模型通过分析各种数据预测出使人舒适的状态下所需的空调量从而可加以调整以使能源效率最大化，故选B项。8.主旨大意题。结合文章第四段首句提到buildingIQ会将个人偏好也考虑在内，故本段主题是B项。二、七选五（每小题2分，共10分）How to Keep a Relationship Healthy and StrongAre you new to experiencing relationships? Well, let me
24、give you advice on having a healthy and possibly long-term relationship. 9 Dont hide things from them; dont lie. Getting them to trust you is the most important element in any relationship. So please be honest and theyll learn to open up to you.Make sure you give them respect. Now respect isnt just
25、simply treating her or him nicely. Theres a lot more to it. You have to learn to adjust to their liking. 10 Dont just think about yourself; think about what your partner needs out of it as well. 11 Always be willing to help them and give them honesty and positiveness at the same time. Make them feel
26、 you are someone they can really count on and build a future with. This is an important step in a relationship. Your partner has to be able to count on you when needed.Make sure you have a good sense of humor with them. Laughter is the key to happiness. Laugh a lot with them, joke with them. Laughte
27、r may seem silly, but its the secret to a lot in life. It will keep the sparks alive. 12 Make sure the communication is good. This goes along with trust, but always communicate how you feel, even if its something that upsets you. Instead of screaming, talk to them. 13 Its important to communicate th
28、is to them, not keep it bottled up.A. Show them your personality.B. Be an honest person with them.C. Make sure you are encouraging to your partners.D. Laughter keeps the relationship strong and lasting.E. Dont start to neglect them and make them feel unwanted.F. Basically, learn to study your partne
29、rs moods, wants and needs.G. If they did something that made you unhappy, tell them about it in a respectful manner.【答案】9-13 BFCDG【解析】本文是一篇说明文，与他人保持长久的健康关系是一门艺术，在本文中作者就如何和别人保持长久的健康的关系提出了一些有效的建议。比如，对人要诚实，要尊重别人，要帮助别人，知道如何和别人交流。9.此处缺少主题句。根据后一句（不要对人隐瞒，不要撒谎）和末句（诚实一些，他们会对你敞开心扉）可知应选B：要做一个诚实的人。10.根据前面两句可知作者
30、告诉我们要了解自己同伴的需求，迎合他们的喜好，不要只是考虑自己的感受和需要。选项F：学会了解你的同伴的情绪、愿望和需求可以承接上下文。所以选择F项。11.根据后面两句可知要愿意帮助他人，要让别人知道我们是值得依赖的。C选项：要确保你能激励你的同伴符合语境。12.根据本段主题句和空格前面的两句Laughter is the key to happiness和Laughter may seem.可知选D，Laughter是提示词。所以选择D项。13.根据下句可知和别人的交流很重要，而且要注意交流的方式方法，选项G：如果他们做了一些使你不高兴的事情，要用一种礼貌的方式告诉他们符合语境。所以选择G项。
31、三、完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）Tornado TerrorSerious storms smashed the central United States on 12, May, 2015, resulting in tornadoes, heavy rains, and flooding that killed at least five people and injured dozens more. Initial reports say that 20-25 tornadoes 14 down in several Great Plains states on Sunday a
32、lone.Though larger cities were mostly unharmed, Sundays tornados 15 some small towns in the middle of the country. One of the 16 hit was Van, Texas, a town of about 2,600 people located 70 miles southeast of Dallas. Winds there 17 up to 140 miles per hour and damaged about 30 percent of the city, de
33、stroying homes and downing power 18 . Weather experts say it was the strongest tornado to hit the town in more than 70 years.“This storm spun up(自旋增快) really fast and the warning time was extremely 19 .” Fire Marshal Chuck Allen said.Emergency workers in Van moved quickly to help those 20 , but two
34、people were killed and more than two dozen were injured by the tornados 21 . A driver in the nearby town of Corsicana was killed by floodwaters that had risen after the 22 .Nine people were injured 23 the 130 miles per hour winds of a twister that struck Delmont, South Dakota, but tornadoes werent t
35、he only 24 weather that state saw on Sunday. People in the Black Hills were 25 with a late-spring snowfall of 10 to 18 inches.Tornadoes are weather events that 26 inside thunderstorms. Made of swirling air, they are 27 like funnels(漏斗). A tornados winds can reach speeds anywhere from 40 to 300 miles
36、 per hour. 28 tornadoes can happen in any state, they are most 29 in the central U.S. Though this past weekends storms were damaging, they were not 30 for this time of year. More twisters 31 the U.S. in May than in any other month.“Weve had at least one tornado reported somewhere in the 32 every day
37、 since May 2.” Greg Carbin said. “Its a 33 time of year.”14. A. knockedB. pulledC. settledD. touched15. A. destroyedB. passedC. approachedD. terrified16. A. weakestB. hardestC. slightestD. shortest17. A. endedB. reducedC. reachedD. added18. A. polesB. stationsC. enginesD. failures19. A. limitedB. sc
38、heduledC. balancedD. ignored20. A. confusedB. tiredC. affectedD. buried21. A. speedsB. rangesC. routesD. winds22. A. disasterB. emergencyC. stormD. trouble23. A.atB.inC. forD. with24. A. wetB. coldC. fineD. severe25. A. facedB. awardedC. floodedD. covered26. A. formB. goC. disappearD. turn27. A. exp
39、andedB. circulatedC. shapedD. floated28. A. BecauseB. AlthoughC. IfD. When29. A. harmfulB. peacefulC. violentD. common30. A. unusualB. uncertainC. unluckyD. unaccustomed31. A. wanderB. strikeC. trapD. surround32. A. worldB. cityC. townD. nation33. A. uniqueB. busyC. dangerousD. cautious【答案】14-18 DAB
40、CA19-23 ACDCB24-28 DAACB29-33 DABDC【解析】本篇文章主要描写了发生在美国的龙卷风给美国各地造成的人员伤亡和经济损失等情况。14.结合空格前面的20-25 tornadoes和后面的in several Great Plains states on Sunday可知周日一天有20到25场龙卷风席卷了这些地方。touch down即降落，着陆，符合语境。15.根据空前的Though和unharmed可知这里与unharmed构成对比，即这里指这些小城镇。16.结合下句可知，这是一场非常强烈的龙卷风。17.从空格后面的up to 140 miles per hour
41、可知，这场龙卷风的速度高达每小时140英里。reach即增加到（某一速度、数量等），符合语境。18.与前面的destroying homes相呼应，这里指吹倒了很多的电线杆。19.根据前面的This storm spun up really fast可知，这个龙卷风很快就形成了，因此预警的时间非常有限（limited）。20.根据语境可知，这里指急救人员们快速移动去帮助那些受到影响的（affected）人们。21.根据常识可知，龙卷风是以风伤害人的，因此选D。22.句意：一个司机因暴风雨后上涨的洪水而死亡。23.句意：九个人在这个时速130英里的龙卷风中受伤。24.句意：龙卷风不是唯一的恶劣（
42、severe）天气。25.黑山的人们面临着一场晚春雪。be faced with指面临，面对，符合语境。26.句意：龙卷风形成于雷暴的内部。form：形成，符合语境。27.结合空后的like funnels可知，这里说明了龙卷风的形状。28.结合后面的tornadoes can happen in any state.可知，前后两分句之间为让步关系故选B。29.此处与前面的can happen in any state呼应，指龙卷风在美国的中部最为普遍。30.结合下文中的the U.S. in May than in any other month可知，这个时候的暴风雨很寻常。31.根据语境可
43、知，一般龙卷风在每年的5月份更多地袭击美国。32.根据第一段中的Serious storms smashed the central United States On 12, May, 2015可知，此处应该指美国整个国家范围之内的情况。33.根据上文内容可知，美国每年5月份龙卷风就相对来说多一些且自从5月2日起，一直就有龙卷风的报道，这说明了这是一年之中的危险时刻。四、单句语法填空（每小题2分，共24分）34. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 4
44、79 B.C., influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.【答案】development【解析】设空处之前有定冠词the修饰，其后有介词of，这里指筷子的发展，故填development。35. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find (they) alive.【答案】them【解析】设空处指代从句中的the gorillas以避免重复，故填them。36. You dont have to run fast or for long (see) the b
45、enefit.【答案】to see【解析】句意：你不必为了弄清跑步带来的好处而跑很快，很久。由句意可知，此处在句中作目的状语，主语You与动词see为主动关系，故填不定式的主动式to see。37. This included digging up the road, (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.【答案】laying【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为This，谓语动词included后由and连接了三个动名词作宾语：digging，laying与building。38. But m
46、y connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.【答案】permitted【解析】permit与从句中的谓语动词was不是并列关系，因此是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词reporter，两者之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。39. Cor
47、n uses less water rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) run-off.【答案】than【解析】考查介词。句意：玉米用水量比水稻少，造成更少的化肥流失。根据句中的less可知此处表示比较，故使用介词than。40. Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at top of her lungs. 【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：出乎意料的是，我正与那只大猩猩面对面，它开始声嘶力竭地尖叫。at the top of ones lungs意为
48、声嘶力竭地。41. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture.【答案】in【解析】a degree in.表示某专业的学位，专业前用介词in。42. “Learn through use” is a good piece of advice for those are studying a new language.【答案】who【解析】句意：对于正在学习一门新语言的人而言，
49、学以致用是一条好的建议。先行词为those，定语从句中缺少主语，指学习新语言的人，故填关系代词who。those作为先行词，指人时，关系代词不能用that。43. I am already looking forward to their next visit I can show them more of what Seville offers and what I am still yet to discover.【答案】when【解析】根据句意可知their next visit是先行词，先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。44. It is is written on th
50、e signs inside the bus that has people talking.【答案】what【解析】考查主语从句。句意：大家谈论起了公共汽车内写在指示牌上的东西。本句为强调句，强调了句子的主语。主语从句中缺主语，故使用what。45. Despite this, some people became so absorbed in the activity they completely forgot to check the clock. 【答案】that【解析】句意：尽管如此，一些人太专注于这项活动以至于他们完全忘记看表了。so.that.为常用句型，意为“如此以至于”。引
51、导结果状语从句。五、单句改错（每小题2分，共20分）46. Many North Europeans carry a cotton handerchief in their pocket into which they sometimes brush their noses.【答案】brush改为blow【解析】句意：很多北欧人常在口袋里装一块手绢，有时他们可以把鼻涕擤在里面。擤鼻涕用blow ones nose表示。47. Messages that we are not direct aware of are often the most powerful.【答案】direct改为dire
52、ctly【解析】副词修饰形容词aware。48. Della wanted to buy Jim something fine and raresomething worthy of the honor of owned by Jim.【答案】在owned前加being【解析】of为介词，介词后要跟动名词的被动式。49. While in his college days he used to keep long hair.【答案】keep改为wear【解析】句意：大学时他留长发。wear有留着，戴着之意，keep无此意。50. In this lab Dr Smith is free to
53、do his research some way he wants.【答案】some改为any【解析】句意：在这个实验室，史密斯博士可以随心所欲地做他的研究。some way指某种方式；any way指任何方式。51. His pale face suggests that he be ill.【答案】be改为is【解析】suggest表示暗示时，宾语从句用一般时态。52. Its a very touching story, and I dont think you will read it with being moved to tears.【答案】with改为without【解析】句意：
54、那个故事很感人，我想你读它时不可能不被感动得流泪。53. The parcel I had been waiting for reaching me yesterday.【答案】reaching改为reached【解析】The parcel是主语，I had been waiting for是定语从句，reached作谓语。54. The problem will be farther discussed at the meeting tomorrow.【答案】farther改为further【解析】farther表示更远；further表示更进一步。此处表示进一步。55. He travelled all over the nation after he retired from work.【答案】nation改为country【解析】nation指国家时，强调人；country指国家时，强调疆域。