1、2020年高考语法系统复习之连词及状语从句考点考点一、连词连词是高考的重点考查项目之一。连词分为并列连词和从属连词两种。如果句子包含两个或更多的互不依从的主谓结构，就是并列句。并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词来连接，其中的各分句意义同等重要，联系密切，无从属关系。连接各种从句的连词叫从属连词。1.并列连词归纳属性连接词典型例句并列关系and，not only.but also，neither.nor.Their car broke down halfway and they had to stay in a small inn for the night.选择关系or，either.or.，o
2、therwise，or elseEither you are mad，or I am.转折关系but，yet，still，however，while，whenMary was a nice girl，but she had one shortcoming.因果关系for，so，thus，thereforeSomeone is coming，for the dog is barking.考点 2.使用时特别注意其连词特性(1)and，not only.but(also).，neither，nor，neither.nor.等词连接的并列句，在意义上主要对前一句子作补充或引申，包括肯定和否定两方面的
3、意义。如：Think it over，and youll find a way out.仔细考虑，你将发现一条出路。Neither does he work hard，nor does his brother.他和他兄弟工作都不努力。(2)or，either.or.连接并列句表示选择意义。如：The children can go with us,or they can stay in.(选择)孩子们可以跟我们一起去，也可以留下。Be careful，or you will break your neck.(否定条件)小心点，否则你会折断脖子的。考点三、状语从句状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中
4、的动词、形容词或副词等，按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。1时间状语从句通常由从属连词when，whenever，as，while，before，after，as soonas，till(until)，since，once(一旦)等引导。如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.别人工作时，请不要大声说话。Once you understand the rules of the game,youll enjoy it.一旦你理解了游戏规则，你就会享受到它的乐趣。(1)一些表示时间的名词词组如
5、the moment，the minute，the day，theyear，every time，next time，副词immediately，directly，instantly等也可引导时间状语从句。如：He left Europe the yearWorldWar broke out.二战爆发那年他离开了欧洲。The rescue workers were sent to the stricken area immediately theearthquake happened.地震一发生援救人员就被派往灾区。My sister came directly(as soon as)she
6、got my short message.我姐姐一收到我的短信就来了。(2)when，while和aswhen既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，亦可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作时。如：When they came home，I was cooking dinner.当他们回家时我正在做饭。while引导的动作必须是持续性的，强调主句和从句动作的同时发生。如：She watchedTV while(she was)eating.她一边吃饭一边看电视。as用于引导“在某行为的继续中发生某事”的“继续之行为”，所以多与过去进行时连用。如：He sang songs as
7、 he was taking a bath.他边洗澡边唱歌。(3)till和untiltill和until意义相同，多数情况下可换用，但用于强调，放在句首时多用until；在强调结构或与not连用时多用until。如：Nothing can be done till(until)the boss returns.老板不回来什么也做不了。You may stay here until the rain stops.你可以在这里待到雨停。(4)hardly.when；scarcely.when 和 no sooner.than 相当于as soon as，也可引导时间状语从句。从句谓语动词用一般过
8、去时，主句谓语动词用过去完成时。hardly，scarcely 及 no sooner 置于句首时，语气较强，主句的谓语要部分倒装。如：We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.我们刚要开始就被告知停下来。The spy had no sooner returned homethan he was told to go to another country.No sooner had the spy returned homethan he was to
9、ld to go to another country.这个间谍刚回到家就被告知去另一个国家。2地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。如：Make a mark where you have any questions.在你有问题的地方作个标记。(1)地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。如：Where theres a will，theres a way.有志者事竟成。Where(ver)theres plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。(2)w
10、here 引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别：where 引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where 作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。如：Bamboo grows best where its wet and rainy.竹子在潮湿多雨的地方长得最快。Bamboo grows best in places where its wet and rainy.竹子在潮湿多雨的地方长得最快。3原因状语从句通常由because，since，as，now that，seeing(that)，considering that等引导。如：Seeing that its raining，wed
11、better stay indoors.既然下雨，我们最好待在室内。Now that you have grown up,you must do it by yourself.既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。Considering that I have told you three times,you must know it.鉴于我已经告诉了你三次，你必须知道它。4目的状语从句目的状语从句通常由that，so that，in order that，so，for fear that，in case 等引导。如：The teacher must speak clearly so that
12、 his students can understand well.老师必须讲话清楚，学生才能理解得好。Take your umbrella in case it should rain.拿着雨伞，以防下雨。(1)目的状语从句中的谓语常含有may(might)，can(could)，should，will等情态动词。通常主句在前，从句在后，主句与从句之间没有逗号。(2)由that引导的目的状语从句现在用得较少，通常被so that或in orderthat所取代，in order that多用于正式文体中，so(that)可用于口语或非正式文体中。如：Well sit near the fro
13、nt so(that)we can hear better.为了听得更好我们坐得更靠前。(3)在非正式文体中，常用in case，for fear that引导目的状语从句，表示“以防、以免”等。如：The boy hid himself behind the tree in case his father should see him.这个男孩藏在树后，以防他爸爸看见。He wrote the name down for fear that he should forget it.他把名字记下来以防忘记。(4)目的状语从句引导词的转换。如：Mother got up early so tha
14、t(in order that)she might catch the early bus.Mother got up earlytoso as toin order tocatch the early bus.为了赶早班公共汽车妈妈起得很早。在目的状语从句中，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，可把so that或in order that转换成to，so as to或in order to。注意so as to不可放在句首，但可拆开使用；in order to可放在句首，但不能拆开。如：Mother got up so early as to catch the early bus.妈妈起得很
15、早为的是赶早班车。In order to catch the early bus,mother got up early.为了赶早班车，妈妈起得很早。5结果状语从句通常由连词that，so that,so.that，such.that等引导。如：He had overslept，so that he was late for work.他睡过头了，结果上班迟到了。He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him.他做了个如此优秀的演讲以至于每个人都崇拜他。易错提示：so.that和such.that引导的结果状语从句都表示主句
16、的动作或状态达到一定程度而引起的结果。so是副词，用来修饰形容词、副词、分词或其他结构。such是形容词，用来修饰名词(可数或不可数名词)或名词短语，但名词被many，much，few，little(少)等修饰时要用so。如：There were so many people in the room that we couldnt get in.屋里有这么多人以至于我们进不去。They are such little children that they cant do so much work.他们是这么小的孩子以至于完不成这么多的工作。So badly was he injured tha
17、t he had to go to the hospital.他伤得如此严重，不得不去医院。(so位于句首时，主句的语序须倒装)such修饰单数可数名词且名词前有形容词时，可用so替换such，冠词与形容词交换位置，构成“soadj.a(an)名词”。例如：This is so beautiful a chair that Im thinking of buying it.This is such a beautiful chair that Im thinking of buying it.这个椅子如此好看以至于我想买下它。6条件状语从句通常由if，unless“如果不，除非”，as(so)
18、long as“只要”，in case(that)“结果，万一”等连词引导。如：If he is not in the office，he must be out for lunch.如果他不在办公室，那他一定出去吃午饭了。In case anything important happens，please call me up.万一发生了什么重要事情，请打电话给我。As long as you dont lose heart，you will succeed.只要你有信心，你就能成功。易错提示：(1)if和unlessunless是比if.not略为正式的表达法，unless从句的谓语动词只能
19、是肯定式。如：Do not come unless I call you.Do not come if I do not call you.不要来除非我叫你。(2)由on condition(that)；provided(that)；providing(that)(假若；倘使)；supposing(that)等引导的条件状语从句。如：You can go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the riverbank.只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。Ill go providing(provided)that my wages
20、 are paid.如果发了工资我就去。Supposing an earthquake happens，what should we do?假设地震发生，我们该怎么办？7方式状语从句通常由as，as if，as though引导。如：Ill do as Im told to.我将按别人告诉我的方式做。8比较状语从句通常由as.as，not so(as).as，than等引导。如：His brother is as handsome as he(him)他的哥哥像他一样帅。The film was not so(as)good as I had expected.这部电影比我期望得差。He sw
21、ims faster than any other student in his class.他比班里其他任何同学都游得快。(1)as和than引导的比较状语从句常常省去与主句中相同的部分，只留下相比较的部分。如：She looks far older than she is.她看上去比实际年龄大好多。(2)“the比较级，the比较级”这一句型一般也归在比较状语从句内，表示“越(就)越”。如：The harder you study，the more you will learn.你越努力，学到的就越多。The less she worried，the better she worked.她
22、担心的事越少，工作得就越好。(3)比较状语从句中应注意被比较内容的一致。如：The weather here is hotter than that(the weather)in your hometown.不能说：The weather here is hotter than your hometown.(4)表示A方不及B方时，基本句式如下：aA谓语的否定式adj.(adv.)比较级thanB；bA谓语lessadj.(adv.)原级thanB；cA谓语的否定式so(as)adj.(adv.)原级asB。如：This room isnt bigger than mine.这个屋子不比我的大
23、。易错提示：He is not cleverer than his brother.他没有他弟弟聪明。He is no cleverer than his brother.他并不比他弟弟聪明。意为他弟弟和他都不聪明。否定两者(5)表示A方和B方同等程度时，用句型：A谓语asadj.(adv.)原级asB。如：This ruler is as long as yours.这把尺子跟你的那把一样长。He has bought as many booksmuch riceas I have.他跟我买了一样多的书/米。“asadj.原级as具体数字”表示“(高、多)达”。如：The temperatu
24、re here is as high as 39.这里的温度高达39。He has learned as many as 4,000 English words.他学了多达4,000个英语单词。9让步状语从句通常由though，although，as(虽然，尽管)，even if，even though，whoever，whatever，whichever，whenever，wherever，however，no matterwho(what，which，when，where，how)，whether等引导。(1)由although，though，as引导的状语从句although和thoug
25、h同义，用法基本相同。前者较正式，多置于句首；后者较通俗、口语化。如：He is unhappy though/although he has a lot of money.尽管他有钱，但并不幸福。as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语，语序要倒装，它比用though或although引导让步状语从句更有表现力，语气更强。如：Difficult as the task was,they managed to finish it in time.虽然这项任务很难，他们还是设法及时完成了。Much as I like it，I wont buy the expensive car.尽管我很喜欢这辆车，
26、但我不会买这么贵的车。though引导的让步状语从句，除了用于自然语序外，也可用于倒装语序，although则不可用于此句型。如：Clever though(as)you may be,you cannot do that.尽管你可能很聪明，但你不能做那件事。(2)even if，even thougheven if，even though表示“即使，纵然”，有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。如：Ill do it，even if it takes me all the afternoon.我要做这件事，即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。even if的从句中含有强烈的假定性，even thou
27、gh多以此句内容为前提。如：Even if he is poor，she loves him.即使他很穷，她还是爱他。Even though he is poor，she loves him.尽管他很穷，但她还是爱他。(3)由wh词ever引导让步状语从句。如：Keep calm，whatever happens.不管发生什么都要保持冷静。Whenever you call on me，you are always welcome.不管何时你来看我，我都欢迎。(4)whether引导让步状语从句whether(.or)引导让步状语从句，提供两个或两个以上假设。如：Whether I go al
28、one or he goes with me，the result will be the same.我自己走还是他跟我一起走结果都是相同的。考点四.应注意的问题(1)当时间状语从句表示将来时，在after，as soon as，before，by thetime，directly，immediately，the moment，till，until和when等引导的状语从句中不用一般将来时，而通常用一般现在时；不用将来完成时，而用现在完成时。这两种现在时态在时间连词后面通常可以互换。如：Well wait for her till she comes back.我们将等她直到她回来。现在完成时
29、常用在once和now that之后。如：Now that we have decorated the house，we can move in.既然我们装修完了房子，我们就能搬进去。在时间状语从句中一般不用将来时，但在名词性从句中when“何时”后则可用will。如：WhenTom comes，please tell him the good news.汤姆来时，请告诉他这个好消息。The hotel manager wants to know when we will starttomorrow morning.酒店经理想知道我们明早何时开始。(2)在由if，unless，as/so lo
30、ng as，in case(万一)等引导的条件状语从句中，若主句用一般将来时态，则从句通常用一般现在时表将来。如：If he doesnt go，neither shall I.如果他不去，我也不去。In case there is a fire，what will you do first?万一发生火灾，你首先做什么？(3)whoever和whateverwhoever与whatever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。在名词性从句中，whoever相当于anyone who，whatever相当于anythingthat或作为what的强调形式，不可用no matter who(w
31、hat)代替。在让步状语从句中，whoever，whatever分别相当于并可被no matter who及no matter what代替。如：You may invite whoever you like.你可以邀请你喜欢的任何人。Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.谁在这样大雨天闲逛都会感冒。(以上两句中的whoever相当于anyone who，不能用no matter who代替)Whoever says so，it is wrong.不管谁这样说，都是错的。(也可以说：No matter who s
32、ays so，it is wrong.)学习技巧1分析句子结构，判断连词性质。遇到动词时首先要弄清这个动词是谓语还是非谓语。英语一句话中只能有一个谓语动词。若发现句子中有两个或两个以上谓语动词时，必须用连词连接，或加连接词使之成为复合句或并列句。例如：How long do you think it is_ he arrived here?No more than half a year，I believe.Awhen BthatCbeforeDsince解析It is时间段since sb.did sth.意为“自从到现在有多久了”为固定句型，需牢记。答案D2分析连词功能，掌握“疑问词-ev
33、er”用法。疑问词-ever引导的让步状语从句可以换成no matter疑问词从句，但是疑问词-ever结构除了可以引导让步状语从句外，还可以引导名词性从句，而no matter疑问词结构只能引导让步状语从句，在平时复习中应注意这两方面的区别。例如；_you have picked up，you must give it back to_itbelongs to.AWhatever；whoeverBWhat；no matter whoCNo matter what；no matter whoDWhatever；no matter who解析从句子的结构和语意可以看出前一部分是让步状语从句，可以使用no matter what或whatever来引导；to是介词，后面接的是宾语从句，因此引导词只能使用whoever，而不能使用no matter who。答案APractice Makes Perfect！