1、江苏宜兴市2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解精练（2）及参考答案阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The extraordinary Eastgate Building in Harare, Zimbabwes capital city, is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound (白蚁堆).Architect Mick Pearce used precisely
2、 the same strategy when designing the Eastgate Building, which has no air-conditioning and almost no heating. The building the countrys largest commercial and shopping complex uses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size. The Eastgates owners saved $3.5 million on a $36 mi
3、llion building because an air-conditioning plant didnt have to be imported.The complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady, glass-roofed atrium (天井) open to the air. Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium, blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there
4、into each office through baseboard vents (通风口). As it rises and warms, it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through forty-eight brick chimneys.During summers cool nights, big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to cool the empty floors. By day, smaller fans blow tw
5、o changes of air an hour through the building, to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors. For winter days, there are small heaters in the vents.This is all possible only because Harare is 1600 feet above sea level, has cloudless skies, little dampness and rapid temperature
6、swings days as warm as 31 commonly drop to 14 at night. “You couldnt do this in New York, with its fantastically hot summers and fantastically cold winters,” Pearce said.The engineering firm of Ove Arup & Partners monitors daily temperatures. It is found that the temperature of the building has gene
7、rally stayed between 23 and 25, with the exception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November, when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night. And the air is fresh far more so than in air-conditioned buildings, where up to 30% of the ai
8、r is recycled.47. Why was Eastgate cheaper to be built than a conventional building?A. It was designed in a smaller size. B. No air conditioners were fixed in. C. Its heating system was less advanced.D. It used rather different building materials.48. What does the underlined “it” in Paragraph 3 refe
9、r to?A. Fresh air from outside.B. Heat in the building.C. Hollow space.D. Baseboard vent. 49. Why wouldnt a building like Eastgate work efficiently in New York?A. New York has less clear skies as Harare.B. Its dampness affects the circulation of air.C. New York covers a larger area than Harare.D. It
10、s temperature changes seasonally rather than daily.50. The data in the last paragraph suggests Eastgates temperature control system _.A. allows a wide range of temperatures B. functions well for most of the yearC. can recycle up to 30% of the airD. works better in hot seasons 【参考答案】4750、BADB阅读下列短文，从
11、每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。(The Importance of Independent Thinking)No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who with due study and preparation, thi
12、nks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. No that it is solely, of chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. One the contrary, it is as much or even more indispensable to enable average human bei
13、ngs to attain the mental stature which they are capable of. There have been and many again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where any of heterodox speculation was fo
14、r a time suspended, where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed: where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of histor
15、y so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up fro9m its foundation and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking being
16、s.She who knows only her own side of the case knows little of that. Her reasons may be food, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if she s equally unable to refute the reasons of the opposite side; if she does not so much as know what they are, she has no ground for preferring either op
17、inion. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgment, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world the side to which she feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should heat the arguments of advers
18、aries from her own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations, That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them form persons who actually believe them; who defend them i
19、n earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which m
20、eets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know; they have never thrown themselves into the mental
21、 position of those who think differently form them and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess. 1.The best title for this passage is A The Age of Reason The need for Independent Thin
22、kingC The Value of Reason D Stirring Peoples Minds2.According to the author, it is always advisable to A have opinions which cannot be refuted.adopt the point of view to which one feels the most inclination.C be acquainted with the arguments favoring the point of view with which one disagrees,D susp
23、end heterodox speculation in favor of doctrinaire approaches.3.According to the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to findA acceptance of truth controversy over principles C inordinate enthusiasm D a dread of heterodox speculation 4.According to the author, the person wh
24、o holds orthodox beliefs without examination may be described in all of the following ways EXCEPT asA enslaved by tradition less than fully rationalC determinded on controversy D having a closed mind5.It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the
25、 following statementsA A truly great thinker makes no mistakes.Periods of intellectual achievement are periods of unorthodox reflection,C The refutation of accepted ideas can best be provided by ones own teachers.D excessive controversy prevents clear thinking,Vocabulary1. stature 高度，境界，状况2. heterod
26、ox 不合乎公认的标准的，异端的，异教的3. tacit 心照不宣4. refute 反驳5. adversary 对立面，对手，敌人6. plausible 善于花言巧语的/辞令的，似乎有理的/有可能的7. doctrine 教义，学说8. profess 表示，明言，承认，自称，信奉难句译注1. True gains more even by the errors of one who with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, then by the true opinions of those who only hold th
27、em because they do not suffer themselves to think.参考译文 真理甚至从一个经过恰当研究和准备进行独立思考的人的错误中获得更多的东西，而从那些只是因为不予思考却持有正确的观点中获得的少（一种经过恰当的研究和准备进行独立思考的人犯的错误，另一种人是不予思考的却持有正确的观点，真理从前者错误中获得的东西比从后者的正确观点中获得的要多）。2. mental slavery 思想禁锢，精神受奴役状态3. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important en
28、ough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up from its foundation and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.结构简析 这是一句以Never否定词开头的倒装句，正常的句序应把never放在句中，形成：the mind of people was never stirred up from it
29、s foundations 参考译文 当辩论比开重大课题，重大到足以燃起/激起人们激/热情的课题时，那么一个民族的思想绝不会从天赋的情感和原始的基础上升华，甚至使最普通智力的人上升到优点庄严的思想家水平上。4. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgement, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world, the side t
30、o which she feels the most inclination.参考译文 对她来说理智的立场是停止判断，而且除非她满足于这一点，否则，她不是为权威人物的观点所左右，后者就像世界上芸芸众生一样，倒向她感觉最倾向的一边。5. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into teal contact with her own mind.结构简析 do justice to 公平对待，适当处理。 Bringinto contact with 使和接触联系。参考译文 这不是对正确观点评价的方法，也
31、不能使自己的思想真正接触到论点的实质。6. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that di
32、fficulty.结构简析 most plausible and persuasive form 很善于辞令和有说服力形式。possess oneself of 获得，据有，把占为己有。them=arguments。else否则的话。7. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know; they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently form them and
33、considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess.结构简析 throw oneself intoposition 设身处地，使自己处于位置地点。写作方法与文章大意这是一篇由一般到具体，重要采用正反对比，推理的写作方法的文章，逻辑性强，正反论证，句子结构复杂冗长，分两段给出内容，第一段重点在：伟大的思想家的首要责任是奠定遵循自己智力所
34、得出的结论。由此引起思想家和思想活跃的人民同时代环境的关系。只有思想后月的时期，才有伟大的思想家和活跃的人民，因为他们可以讨论重大主题，而在思想禁锢时期，只能产生个别伟大思想家。第二段具体的论证了独立思考涉及两方面，既如自己一方种种，也得知对手的一方种种（内容，推理，论点），才能真正获得真理。答案详解. B 独立思考的必要性。见难句译注。这里说明进行独立思考的人即使犯错误，真理也能从中获得东西，而那些懒于思考人，即使持有正确的观点，真理也难以获得东西。第一段还点明思想禁锢时期，即不能进行独立思考时期，难以讨论重大议题，产生不了活跃的人民，绝不会出现像辉煌的文艺复兴那种时期（见第二题注）。第二段
35、也是围绕独立思考而写，只是从具体点着眼：人只知自己，不知对方无法获得真理，只有独立思考两方，才能不为权威所左右，不会跟着自己感觉走，最终知道自己的真正主张。A. 理性时代。C.驳斥的价值。D. 激发人民的思想。. C 熟悉有利于自己不同意反对观点的论点。这是作者在第二段讲述的重要论点。他认为一个人只知自己一方，推理极好，无人能反驳，却不知对方的推理，也不能够予以反驳的话，他就无权选择两方的任一论点，其理智位置是停止判断。否则她就会（像世界上芸芸众生那样）不是为权威所“引导”，就是跟着感觉（的倾向）走。其二，作者提出：光听自己的老师讲述对立面的论点，以及他们所提出的反驳论点。只是不够的，必须倾听
36、那些人（他们真正相信对立的观点）的论点，并为此积极热情，竭尽全力辩护，才能使自己的思想和独立论点接触，公正的作出公正的判断。A. 具有不能驳斥的观点。B. 采取个人感觉最倾向的观点。 D. 停止有利于教条主义研究的异端思考。. B 辩论原则问题。答案在第一段：在思想禁锢的气氛中，过去，现在可能会产生个别的思想家，但绝不会有思想活跃的人民，在那里有一种心照不宣的惯律：原则决不能讨论认为占据人类心灵的最重大问题的讨论应封闭，我们不能期望看到一般高级的思想活动。这种思想活动曾使历史上某些时期光辉灿烂。而文艺复兴就是思想活动的顶峰时期，必然会讨论原则问题，所以选B 。 A. 接受真理，周经过讨论才能接
37、受真理。C. 过度的热情。 D. 害怕异端思考。. C.在辩论上，坚定不移。这是一道推断题，一般讲：持有未经检验的正统信仰的人不会独立思考，更不会怀疑他所信仰的东西。A. 为传统所奴役。B. 不怎么理智。D. 头脑闭塞。这种人必然受传统思想控制，不理智更不愿接受外界新鲜事物。. B. 在思想方面取得成就的时期就是进行非正统反思的时期。见题注释。A. 一个真正的思想家不犯错误。C. 一个人的老师最能提供所接受思想观点的反驳。D. 过度的辩论会制止清晰的思考。阅读理解ln the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in othe
38、r animals.This sometimes happens with humans also.But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat.And I have discovered that it makes them happy.From my wheelchair experience
39、, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily.They dont get to see this soft side of others.Often, we try every waypossible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending.But only when we stop pretending wer
40、e brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness thats in them.Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual.People behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside me, horning (按喇叭) or even shouting
41、 at me.At that moment，I decided to do something I had never done in twentyfour years of driving.I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed.No more angry shouts and no more horns!When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to the other drivers, “I have a problem here.I am weak and
42、 doing the best I can.” And everyone understood.Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass.They couldnt get around me because of the stream of passing traffic.But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.Sometimes situations c
43、all for us to act strong and brave even when we dont feel that way.But those are few and far between.More often, it would be better if we dont pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that were brave when were scared.()1.The author has discovered that people will feel happy when _.Athey o
44、ffer their helpBthey receive others helpCthey feel others kindnessDthey show their weakness()2.The author feels sad sometimes because _.Ahe has a soft heartBhe relies much on othersCsome people pretend to be kindDsome people fail to see the kindness in others()3.What did the other drivers do when th
45、ey saw the flashlights?AThey speeded up to pass.BThey waited with patience.CThey tried their best to help.DThey put on their flashlights too.()4.In this passage, the author advises us to _.Ahandle problems by ourselvesBaccept help from othersCadmit our weaknessDshow our bravery()5.Which of the follo
46、wing is the best title of this passage?AA Wheelchair Experience.BWeakness and Kindness.CWeakness and Strength.DA Driving Experience.【解析】本文是一篇议论文。在动物王国弱势会被侵略，在人类社会有时也是如此。但作者认为弱势能显现出人们的善良，并使提供帮助和被帮助的人都感到幸福。作者以自己的经历向人们阐述了弱势与善良的关系。1A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in
47、people.”可知我的弱势显现出人们的善良，又由“I have discovered that it makes them happy”可知帮助别人能使他们感到幸福。故选A。2D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They dont get to see this soft side of others.”可知选D。3B细节理解题。根据第五段中的“When I put on my flashlights.But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.”可知选B。4C主旨要义题。作者以自己的亲身经历向人们阐述了：有时承认自己的弱势会给人们带来好处，承认弱势能改善人们之间的关系，使自己得到更多的帮助，让人们看到人性的善良。故选C。5B标题归纳题。由第一段“my weakness brings out the kindness in people”及文章大意可知。
