1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 2 Exploring EnglishStarting out & Understanding ideasAmerican and British EnglishAmerican and British English spelling differences are one aspect of American and British English differences. In the early 18th century, English spellin
2、g was not standardized. Differences became noticeable after the publishing of influential dictionaries. Current British English spellings follow, for the most part, those of Samuel Johnsons Dictionary of the English Language (1755). Many of the new characteristic American English spellings were intr
3、oduced, although not, for the most part, created, by Noah Webster in his American Dictionary of the English Language of 1828. Webster was a strong proponent of spelling reform for reasons both philological and nationalistic. Many spelling changes proposed in the US by Webster himself, and in the ear
4、ly 20th century by the Simplified Spelling Board, never caught on. Among the advocates of spelling reform in England, the influences of those who preferred the Norman (or Anglo-French) spellings of certain words proved decisive. Subsequent spelling adjustments in the UK had little effect on present-
5、day US spelling, and vice versa(反之亦然). While in many cases American English deviated in the 19th century from mainstream British spelling, on the other hand it has also often retained older forms. The spelling systems of Commonwealth countries, for the most part, closely resemble the British system.
6、 In Canada, however, while most spelling is “British”, many “American” spellings are also used. Additional information on Canadian and Australian spelling is provided throughout the article. 词海拾贝1. noticeable adj. 明显的, 显著的2. proponent n. 倡导者3. deviate v. 偏离; 脱离4. retain vt. 保留5. resemble vt. 像我学我思1.
7、 catch on变得流行2. have little effect on对影响很小3. on the other hand另一方面4. What does the passage mainly tell us? It tells us the spelling differences between American and British English. 5. What is the current British English spelling mainly influenced by? Samuel Johnsons Dictionary of the English Langua
8、ge (1755). 6. Who brought many spelling changes in the US? Webster. . 必备单词: 根据提示填写单词1. the title of the passage这篇文章的题目2. sculpt a sculpture by hand手工雕刻一座雕像3. a unique work of art一件独一无二的艺术作品4. a smoke alarm一个烟雾警报器5. reflect the creativity of the human race反映人类的创造力6. a very creative student一个很有创造力的学生c
9、reate (v. ) a new product 创造一个新产品7. have the opposing view持有相反的看法oppose (v. ) changing the law反对改变这条法规8. shameful behavior可耻的行为behave (v. ) like a true gentleman举止像个真正的绅士9. confusing instructions on the box盒子上令人困惑的用法说明confuse (v. ) quantity with quality混淆数量和质量feel confused (adj. ) 感到困惑10. clearly vi
10、sible清晰可见invisible (adj. ) wings 隐形的翅膀. 必备短语: 英汉双译1. have trouble doing做某事有困难2. speaking of说起; 说到3. for example例如4. the number of的数量5. burn up/down 烧毁6. around the world 全世界7. fill in/out 填充; 填写8. wind up 给(机械)上发条; 使(活动、会议等)结束. 必备句式: 翻译课文原句, 并观察黑体部分1. This made me realize that theres no egg in eggpl
11、ant either. 译文: 这让我意识到了eggplant(茄子)里也没有egg(鸡蛋)。2. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. 译文: Pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)也没有apple(苹果)。3. That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. 译文: 那就是为什么星星出来时是看得见的, 灯灭了是看不见的。根据给出的构词规则完成下面空格。1. 动词+ -i
12、ve后缀构成形容词create+-ivecreative 创造(性)的attractattractive有吸引力的 actactive 活跃的; 积极的relaterelative 相关的2. “动词 + up”构成短语, 表示结束finish up 完成drink up 喝干eat up 吃光use up 用光框架宏观建构: 整体理解1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks2. The author writes the passage to tell us how interesting and creative the language of
13、English is. 文本微观剖析: 细节探究1. Choose the best answer. (1)The first paragraph is intended to _. A. introduce English is interesting and creativeB. tell us English is difficult to learnC. direct our attention to the word formationD. lead to the topic of discussion(2)The author develops the text by _. A.
14、stating argumentsB. making comparisonsC. giving examplesD. providing research results(3)Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A. When we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus! B. When we look out of the window and see rain
15、or snow, we can say “its raining” or “its snowing”. C. When we see sunshine, we can say “its sunshining”. D. When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, you cant read it as the “who” in “Whos that? ”答案: (1)(3)DCC2. Long sentence analysis. (1)I hadnt(主句), until one day my five-year-old so
16、n asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger. (until引导时间状语从句, whether引导宾语从句)译文: 我没有, 直到有一天, 我五岁的儿子问我hamburger(汉堡包)里是否有ham(火腿)。(2)You (主语)also have to wonder at (谓语)the unique madness of a language(宾语) in which a house can burn up as it burns down (定语从句修饰先行词language, as引导时间状语从句), in which you fill
17、 in a form by filling it out(定语从句), and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off(定语从句, once引导条件状语从句)! 译文: (英语)这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到惊奇。在这种语言中, 房子烧成灰烬的时候, 可以说“burn up”, 也可以说“burn down”; 你可以说“fill in a form”, 也可以说“fill out”, 而且只有闹钟响了你才可以听到铃声! 语篇总结归纳: 主题深化Have you ever asked yourself why people often
18、 have trouble 1. learning(learn) English? I hadnt, until one day my five-year-old son asked me 2. whether there was ham in a hamburger. This got me thinking how English can be 3. a crazy language to learn. Even the smallest words can be 4. confusing (confuse). You also have to 5. wonder (wonder)at t
19、he unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes 6. off! English 7. was invented (invent) by people, not computers, and it reflects the 8. creativity(creative) of the human r
20、ace. That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are 9. invisible(visible). And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it 10. ends(end). 阅读思维升华: 主题实践1. Why do people often have trouble learning English? (critical t
21、hinking批判性思维)Because many words have puzzling meanings, which makes it a crazy language to learn. 2. Why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same? (critical thinking批判性思维)Because shameless and shameful have the same meaning. 3. While coming across confusing words and phrases, what do you often
22、do? (creative thinking创造性思维)Refer to a dictionary and ask my English teacher. 1. confusing adj. 令人困惑的, 难以理解的(教材原句) Even the smallest words can be confusing. 即使是最小的单词也会让人感到困惑。【词块积累】(1)confusevt. 使迷惑, 混淆confuse . . . with/and . . . 把和混淆(2)confusedadj. 困惑的be confused about sth. 对某事迷惑不解(3)confusionn. 混乱
23、, 困惑in confusion 困惑地, 混乱地I think its a serious mistake to confuse work with life. 我认为把工作同生活混为一谈是大错特错。 I love learning new words, but I am confused about how to remember them well. 我喜欢学习新单词, 但是我对如何记好新单词感到困惑不解。He looked at me in confusion and did not answer the question. 他困惑地看着我, 并没有回答这个问题。【巧学助记】confu
24、se还“使你困惑”吗? From his confused look, I know he is confused about the confusing question. 从他疑惑的表情中, 我知道他对这个难懂的问题感到困惑不解。2. burn down烧毁, 烧掉(多指建筑物被烧塌)(经典例句)A number of houses were burnt down in the fire. 在火灾中, 有许多房子被烧毁了。【词块积累】burn up烧光, 烧尽(多指东西被烧掉); (通过锻炼)消耗(热能)burn out烧坏; 燃尽; 耗尽体力burn sth. to the ground
25、将烧成平地Brisk walking burns up more calories than slow jogging. 快走比慢跑能消耗更多的热量。The fire had burnt out before the fire engines arrived. 在消防车到达之前, 火已经熄灭了。At least nine houses were burnt to the ground in the big fire last week. 在上周的这场大火中, 至少九座房子被烧为平地。3. alarm n. 警报器; 闹钟; 惊恐 vt. 使警觉; 使惊恐; 惊动(经典例句)Lego has c
26、ome under increasing pressure during growing international alarm about the impact of plastic waste on the environment. 在国际社会日益关注塑料废物对环境的影响之际, 乐高公司面临着越来越大的压力。【词块积累】(1)raise/sound the alarm发出警报; 报警in alarm惊恐地(2)be alarmed at/by. . . 对感到忧虑或害怕be alarmed to do sth. 害怕做某事They were alarmed at/by the trade
27、war between China and the United States. 他们对中美贸易战感到忧虑。They were alarmed to find their house burnt up. 发现房子被烧光了, 他们大惊失色。 They first sounded/raised the alarm about the problem of nuclear waste in 1955. 他们在1955年首次对核废料的问题发出警报。4. reflect v. 显示, 反映; 反射(声、光、热等); 表达(2020全国卷)As the small boat moved gently al
28、ong the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 当小船在河上轻轻移动时, 山在水中的倒影使他一时语塞。【词块积累】(1)reflect on/upon sth. 认真思考(2)reflectionn. 反映; 映像; 沉思, 深思on/upon reflection经再三思考(3)reflectiveadj. 深思的, 沉思的; (指物体表面)反光的Before I decide, I need time to reflect on the problem.
29、 在做决定之前, 我需要时间认真思考一下这个问题。Usually a childs behavior is a reflection of his family environment. 通常一个孩子的表现是他的家庭环境的反映。On reflection, we decided to change our plan. 再三考虑后, 我们决定改变计划。【巧学助记】The light was reflected from the water into my eyes. White clouds were reflected in the lake. Sitting by the lake, I w
30、as reflecting on what my mom said. On reflection, I decided to accept her suggestion. 光从水中反射进我的眼睛, 白云映照在湖中。坐在湖边, 我在考虑妈妈的话。沉思后, 我决定接受她的建议。【词源趣谈】 reflect反射; 反映, 映出; 显示, 表明; 认真思考, 反省来源于拉丁语中由前缀re-(回)和基本动词flectere(弯曲)组成的复合词reflectere(折回)。 词根词缀: re-回+-flect弯曲 折回*Emperor Li Shimin compared Wei Zheng to a m
31、irror, who can reflect his gains and losses. 李世民把魏征比作镜子, 因为他可以反映自己的得失。5. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. Pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)也没有apple(苹果)。【句式解构】本句中neither. . . nor. . . 意为“既不也不”, 其含义是否定的, 可连接任意两个并列的成分。Neither the parents nor their son was satisfied with the result. 父母和他们的儿子都对结果不满意
32、。Neither did Peter want the responsibility, nor did his wife. 彼得不想承担责任, 他的妻子也不想。Neither Anna nor I am interested in high finance. 安娜和我对高级金融都不感兴趣。 妙用neither. . . nor. . . 和neither(1)neither. . . nor. . . 连接两个主语时, 谓语动词的单复数应和邻近的主语一致, 遵循“就近原则”; (2)neither可以单独作主语, 表示“两者都不”; (3)表示“一个人没有做某事, 另一个人也没做同一类事”时,
33、 可用neither或nor引导的部分倒装句作简略回答, 其结构为: Neither/Nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语。6. That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. 那就是为什么星星出来时是看得见的, 灯灭了是看不见的。【句式解构】本句中That is why. . . 意为“那就是的原因”; why引导表语从句, 表示结果; That指代上文提到的事实。Hes more of a talker than a doer.
34、This is why he never finishes anything. 与其说他是个实干家, 不如说他是个空谈家。这就是他从来完不成任何事情的原因。This is because each mirror reflected the picture in the other mirror. 这是因为每一面镜子都反射了另一面镜子中的图像。The reason why he was absent from the party was that he had trouble starting his car. 他缺席晚会的原因是他发动汽车有困难。(1)It/This/That is/was w
35、hy. . . 这/那就是的原因(why引导表语从句, 表示结果)(2)It/This/That is/was because. . . 这/那是因为(because引导表语从句, 表示原因)(3)The reason why. . . is/was that. . . 的原因是(why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语; that引导表语从句, 表示原因)【要点拾遗】1. behavior n. 举止, 行为(教材原句) If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful b
36、ehaviors the same? 如果harmless actions是harmful actions的反义词, 为什么shameless和shameful是同义词? 【词块积累】(1)behave v. 表现behave oneself守规矩; 表现得体behave as if. . . 举止好像behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对待某人好/差(2)well-behaved adj. 行为端正的; 乖乖的My mother asked me to behave myself before the guests. 我的母亲要求我在客人面前表现得体一些。The
37、y behaved badly to/towards me at the party, which made me very angry. 他们在晚会上对我很不好, 这使我很生气。People here are also very orderly and well-behaved. I always feel that everyone should enjoy freedom, but some rules should be followed. 这里的人也很有秩序, 行为端正。我一直认为每个人都应该享有自由, 但有些规矩应该遵守。Many people behave as if human
38、s are the master of nature, but it is not the truth. 许多人表现得好像人类是大自然的主人, 但事实并非如此。【巧学助记】Rui Yang is a well-behaved boy and behaves himself almost everywhere. But his neighbors are worried about his behaviors and they think Rui Yang sometimes behaves as if he is a little foolish and dull in front of ot
39、hers. The neighbors are criticizing his parents for being too strict with him. 芮扬是一个举止得体的男孩, 几乎每到一个地方都表现得很乖。但是他的邻居很担心他的行为, 认为他有时候在别人面前表现得有点傻, 有点无趣。邻居们都批评他的父母对他要求太严苛。2. creativity n. 创造性, 创造力(教材原句) English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. (P15)英
40、语是人而不是电脑发明的, 它反映了人类的创造力。【导图理词】I regard creativity both as a gift and as a skill. 我认为创造力既是一种天赋也是一种技巧。The Internet has created thousands of millionaires, but Berners-Lee is not one of them. 互联网创造了数以千计的百万富翁, 但贝尔纳斯李并不是其中之一。Life is the source of literary creation. 生活是文学创作的源泉。The writing of poems, stories
41、 and plays is often called creative writing. 诗歌、小说和剧本的写作常常被称为创作。【易混辨析】create有目的地把原材料制成新产品, 也指创造出原来不存在的或与众不同的事物invent通过想象、研究、劳动而创造出前所未有的东西, 尤指科技上的发明创造discover发现原来存在, 但尚未被人发现或认知的事物3. have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事费劲, 有困难(经典例句)Teenagers who drop out of high school have trouble finding jobs. 中学辍学的青少年难
42、找工作。【词块积累】have trouble/difficulty with sth. /(in) doing sth. 做某事费劲, 有困难have a problem/problems with sth. / (in) doing sth. 在方面/做某事有问题have a good/hard time with sth. / (in) doing sth. 在方面/做某事有快乐/艰难的时光If you have trouble with a lesson, repeat it the next day. 如果你学习一节课有困难, 第二天要重复学习这一课。I never have trou
43、ble (in) sleeping in a strange place. 我在陌生的地方睡觉从来没有困难。I have trouble/ difficulty/problems (in) communicating with foreigners. 我与外国人交流有困难。4. fill in 填写, 填入(经典例句)Could you please kindly give me an instruction on how to fill in these application forms? 您能不能给我些指示教教我如何填这些申请表? 【词块积累】fill out填写fill. . . (u
44、p) with. . . 把用充满be filled with/be full of充满(表状态)(2020全国卷)Filled with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. 怀着好奇心, 艺术家收拾行囊离开了。You will be asked to fill in a form with details of your birth and occupation. 你会被要求填写一张有关你的出生和职业详情的表格。The baby was filled with alarm at the darkness and the noise.
45、 婴儿对黑暗和噪音充满了惊恐。1. China is clearly a rising economic, political and cultural power in the world; no one should be confused on this subject. 中国显然是一个正在崛起的世界经济、政治和文化强国, 在这个问题上任何人都不应感到困惑。2. Venice also struggles with slovenly behavior by the millions of tourists who visit each year and has stiff fines f
46、or people who jump in canals or off bridges, or picnic in public places. 威尼斯也受到每年到访的数百万游客的邋遢行为的困扰, 并对跳进运河、跳桥或在公共场所野餐的人处以高额罚款。3. The time-travel comedy Hi, Mom reflects on how the daughter Jia Xiaoling misses her late mother Li Huanying. 时空穿越喜剧电影你好, 李焕英寄托了女儿贾晓玲对已故母亲李焕英的思念。. 语段填词1. Harmful and harmles
47、s (无害的) are an opposing (相反的) pair. Please learn it by heart. 2. Every night before going to bed, I wind (上发条) my alarm(闹钟). But this morning, it didnt ring, which was confusing(令人困惑的). 3. What he did reflected(显示) his creativity(创造性), which impressed every person present at the meeting. 4. Many peo
48、ple think his behavior(行为) is unique(独特的) to them. 5. The organisms are invisible(看不见的), which can be visible(看得见的) with a microscope. . 单句语法填空1. Africa is the continent with the largest number of developing countries. 2. About 60 percent of people have English as their first language, while 24 perc
49、ent claim French. 3. She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt. 4. Speaking(speak) of the US dollar, I think this is what we should worry about. 5. The instructions on the book are very confusing(confuse). 6. Life is not fairy tales in which everyone w
50、ill have a happy ending. 7. The start of a new year is a good time to reflect on the many achievements of the past. 8. There may be a link between madness and creativity(creative). 9. I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. 10. She sat in the car, feeling v
51、ery annoyed at the traffic jam. . 完成句子1. What/How about sending him an email? 给他发一封电子邮件怎么样? 2. Neither his mother nor his father spoke English. 他的母亲和父亲都不说英语。 3. Breakfast is really very important for us. Thats why we should eat breakfast on time every day. 早餐对我们来说真的非常重要。那就是我们应该每天按时吃早餐的原因。4. With the
52、 boy leading the way, we had no trouble (in) getting to the station. 由这个男孩带路, 我们到达车站毫无困难。5. In my free time, I often go to the playground to play football. 在业余时间, 我经常去操场踢足球。. 结合课文主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇80词左右的短文现如今, 很多英语学习有困难(have trouble in)的中国学生一直在问一个令人困扰的(confusing)问题: 为什么我要学英语? 尽管英语既不是说的人数(the number o
53、f)最多的语言, 也不是(neither. . . nor)我们的母语, 但是英语是全世界(around the world)使用最频繁的语言。毫无疑问, 英语作为国际语言在各个领域中扮演着重要的角色。那就是为什么(Thats why. . . )我们应该学好英语。Nowadays, many Chinese students who have trouble in learning English have been asking a confusing question: Why do I learn English? Although English is neither the language with the largest number of speakers nor our mother tongue, it is the most frequently used language around the world. There is no doubt that English plays an important role as an international language in every field. Thats why we should learn English well. 关闭Word文档返回原板块
