1、Test 3.阅读理解Everyone is familiar with white fat，which serves as an energy warehouse.Many mammals also have brown fat，which has the unique ability to produce heat.Brown fat is sometimes mistaken for a type of gland(腺)，which it resembles more than white fat.It varies in color from dark red to tan.When
2、the animal is exposed to a cold environment，the color darkens.In contrast to white fat，brown fat has numerous nerves which provide sympathetic stimulation(刺激) to the fat cells.Brown fat is most noticeable in newborn animals，wrapped round the central organs to keep them warm.In human infants it occup
3、ies up to 5% of body weight，then declines gradually.Certain quantities of brown fat can be discovered in adult humans，especially when they are exposed to cold temperatures.Most of brown fat in adults is located in the lower neck.Exposure to cold leads to sympathetic stimulation of brown fat cell.As
4、in white fat，sympathetic stimulation promotes hydrolysis(水解) of triglyceride(甘油三酸酯)，with release of fatty acids.In contrast to other cells，including white fat cells，brown fat cells express UCP1，which gives the cells mitochondria(线粒体) an ability to produce heat rather than ATP.Within brown fat cells，
5、most fatty acids are immediately combined with oxygen in mitochondria and a large amount of heat is produced.There is only about 50g of brown fat in the neck region and it switches on and off throughout the day as its exposed to different temperatures or if you exercise or eat.But this capacity is m
6、uch greater in young children compared with adolescents and adults.The challenge is now to use the knowledge to find out what might switch on brown fat.If it is switched on，we can benefit from it.Brown fat produces lots of heat by burning calories.Unlike white fat，brown fat does not expand our agein
7、g waistlines.And thats why the race is on to find out more about brown fat，and how humans could use it to our advantage，though we would waste energy unnecessarily，and we would sweat a lot and forever be opening windows.1.Which is the unique factor of brown fat producing heat?A.Fatty acids. B.Triglyc
8、eride.C.UCP1. D.ATP.答案C解析细节理解题。根据题干关键词brown fat producing heat找到文章对应段落是第四段，由该段第三句话中的关键句“.brown fat cells express UCP1.”可知选C。2.We can learn from the passage that brown fat .A.becomes less in amount with ageB.proves less active in low temperaturesC.exists nowhere but in the lower neckD.has nothing in
9、common with white fat答案A解析推理判断题。根据文章第三段的第二句话中的“then declines gradually”可推知brown fat随年龄的增加而减少。故选A。3.The underlined word “infants” in Paragraph 3 means “ ”.A.cells B.organsC.bodies D.babies答案D解析词义猜测题。cell细胞；organ组织；body身体；baby婴儿。根据第三段第一句话中的newborn可推知选D。4.We take special interest in brown fat mainly be
10、cause it helps us .A.save energy B.develop powerC.keep warm D.keep our figure答案D解析细节理解题。save energy节省精力；develop power培养力量；keep warm保暖；keep our figure保持体型。根据文章最后一段的第三句话“Brown fat produces lots of heat by burning calories.”可知选D。.阅读填空Pool Safety Tips for KidsOn a hot summer day，there are few things tha
11、t are more appealing than a nice cool pool. 5 And it is completely relaxing.Of course，if you have children，there are certain safety measures you should take，whether you have a pool in your backyard or are going to a public pool.Go swimming together.No person should ever swim alone.Though many people
12、 do，the simple truth is that it only takes a second to become injured or drown. 6 Having someone there with you can make the difference between life and death.This is especially true for young children.If your child is under the age of 5，you should never allow them to swim out of arms length. 7 Kids
13、 love to chase one another through the water.But it is important that you emphasize to your children that at no time should they be running around the pool or pushing anyone.In the water，teach children not to jump on top of one another and to watch their surroundings，so that they do not accidentally
14、 knock into others，injuring them.Playing around in the pool is very interesting but dangerous.Keep it locked.If you own a pool，you must have a locking gate around your pool. 8 Keep the gate locked at all times，even when you are physically in the pool.It is terrible for children to steal into the poo
15、l.Know the way out. 9 Make sure that they know where all ladders are，and that you teach them to use them for entering and exiting the pool safely.Although your child may be able to lift herself or himself out of the pool using the side，that is not the safest way to go.A.Dont play around in the pool.
16、B.Be sure to show all children the proper way to exit the pool.C.Swimming under water is forbidden in the pool.D.This is to prevent children from entering the pool without your permission.E.Slipping into the water seems like the perfect way to deal with the heat.F.Something sad happens every year.G.
17、Make sure kids know food should be eaten either before or after swimming.答案5.E6.F7.A8.D9.B.完形填空Chriss parents were proud of him when he graduated from college.But its been six months and he hasnt got a job yet.In fact，he hasnt 10 for seriously.He has no idea what he wants to do and hes thinking of g
18、rad school.Hes living at home with his parents and things are getting 11 ，especially with his father，who 12 Chris of being lazy and afraid to enter the real world.Chris thinks his dad is being totally 13 .After all，hes young and he needs some “ 14 ”.During a recent argument，Chris said，“Im not you，Da
19、d.I have my own way of doing things.I want a job I 15 .”His dad replied，“Thats a nice idea，but in the end they call it work 16 its about making a productive livingnot having 17 .”There are many youngsters like Chris who are having trouble getting started 18 a serious job and becoming independent.Som
20、e，like Peter Pan，a hero in a play，just dont want to 19 .Some are afraid of making a wrong decision or of being rejected.Others are 20 of what psychologists call “magical thinking”.They believe that when the 21 is right，everything will fall into place.So they wait for 22 to come knocking or until the
21、y feel inspired or excited about their next step. 23 ，it doesnt work that way.Whats important is to 24 .Things happen and opportunities appear most often when were 25 ，not standing still.Energy is very important.Basic physics says its easier to 26 the course of a moving object than to start a 27 ini
22、tially.In the end，its not really about finding yourself.Its about 28 yourself.The first steps are the 29 ，but the key to success in anything is getting started.10.A.fought B.learnedC.applied D.looked答案D解析结合前面的“he hasnt got a job yet”可知，他并没有认真地寻找工作。11.A.positive B.tenseC.dangerous D.uncertain答案B解析根据前
23、面的“Hes living at home with his parents”可知，由于他不出去找工作，父母非常不满意，因此关系变得紧张了。12.A.reminds B.informsC.accuses D.warns答案C解析根据后面的“Chris of being lazy and afraid to enter the real world”可知，父亲指责他懒惰、害怕进入现实世界中。accuse sb.of (doing)sth.指责某人。13.A.arrogant B.unreasonableC.enthusiastic D.cruel答案B解析由于受到父亲的责备，Chris认为父亲完
24、全不讲理。14.A.patience B.restC.money D.space答案D解析根据前面的“hes only young once and he needs.”可推知他认为他还年轻，需要空间。15.A.enjoy B.understandC.create D.tolerate答案A解析结合前面的“I have my own way of doing things.”可知，他认为自己有做事的方式，他需要找到一份他喜欢的工作。16.A.unless B.thoughC.because D.when答案C解析分析句子结构可知，空前后存在因果关系，前果后因，故用because。17.A.di
25、fficulty B.funC.action D.power答案B解析与前面的“its about making a productive living”对比，指工作是创造有意义的生活，而不是玩乐。18.A.at B.onC.for D.with答案D解析这里是start with表示“开始”，即开始一份需要认真对待的工作。19.A.grow up B.take offC.go away D.give in答案A解析与前面的becoming independent对比，此处指有很多年轻人不愿意成长，即不愿意进入现实世界。20.A.experts B.studentsC.victims D.pa
26、tients答案C解析根据后面的“what psychologists call magical thinking”和“everything will fall into place”可知，有些人是magical thinking的受害者。victim受害人。21.A.choice B.timeC.method D.route答案B解析与前面的magical thinking等呼应，指他们认为时间合适的话，一切都会水到渠成。22.A.wealth B.fameC.love D.opportunity答案D解析根据后面的to come knocking可知，他们在等着机会来敲门。23.A.Unf
27、ortunately B.StrangelyC.Obviously D.Totally答案A解析结合空后的“it doesnt work that way”可知选A。表示“不幸的是”。24.A.begin B.competeC.survive D.react答案A解析与上文中的get started对应，表示“开始第一步很重要”。25.A.expecting B.waitingC.moving D.thinking答案C解析和后面的not standing still中的still对比，指机会在运动中产生，而不是在静止中产生的。26.A.record B.changeC.analyze D.f
28、ollow答案B解析根据常识可知，在运动中容易改变物体的轨迹。27.A.movement B.positionC.speed D.advancement答案A解析结合上文的“ the course of a moving object”可知，改变一个运动轨迹比使物体开始运动容易得多。28.A.educating B.makingC.behaving D.rewarding答案B解析与前面的“its not really about finding yourself.”中的finding对比，指不是发现自己，而是创造自己。29.A.heaviest B.simplestC.hardest D.s
29、hortest答案C解析结合前文叙述及常识可知，万事开头难，故选C。.短文改错One night，I was on my way home for my Christmas holiday when my car broke down.It was complete dead，and I was a few miles away from my home in that cold，wet night.I decided to walk around a little after accepting that Id have to spend the night in the car.Maybe
30、 I can find a telephone.Actually，I didnt have to walk far before I found the small house standing in a field with a light shone from the sitting room.I knocked the door and was delighting when a pleasant old man opened the door and listened to my story carefully.He said he had no telephone and that
31、it wasnt any within walking distance，but the old man who offered to go to repair my car.答案One night，I was on my way home for my Christmas holiday when my car broke down.It was dead，and I was a few miles away from my home that cold，wet night.I decided to walk around a little accepting that Id have to
32、 spend the night in the car.Maybe I find a telephone.Actually，I didnt have to walk far before I found small house standing in a field with a light from the sitting room.I knocked the door and was when a pleasant old man opened the door and listened to my story carefully.He said he had no telephone and that wasnt any within walking distance，but the old man who offered to go to repair my car.