1、第四讲 介词和介词短语 一、常见介词的用法常用介词如in,on,for,with,against,of,beyond,out of,across等含义较多，应全面掌握。1against有“违背，违逆；反对；对不利；倚；靠；碰撞；预防；衬托”之意。An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。2beyond可表示“范围，限度”，意为“超出，为所不及”。常用短语：beyond words/de
2、scription/imagination/belief/ones reach/ones control“无法用语言形容/无法用语言描述/难以想象/不能相信/够不着/管不了”。To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me.被选为第一位接受此殊荣的人，我实在无法用语言表达自己的感受。3by可表示“程度或增减的幅度”，还可作“按；以计；依据”讲。As far as I know,workers are generally paid by the month.据我所
3、知，工人们的工资通常按月来付。4for有“就而言；从来看；达，计；为”之意。The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。She was really small for her age of 12.就她12岁的年龄来说，她的身材真很小。5off有“在离不远处；在沿海的海面”之意。The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.(辽宁高考单选
4、改编)威尔旅馆坐落于湖尽头的主干道附近一个非常安静的地方。6across有“横跨”之意。It can run across water for a distance of several meters,avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the waters surface with its feet.它可以在水面上跑数米的距离，通过用脚快速拍打水面避免弄湿全身。7on/upon有“刚就；一就”之意，后接名词或动词-ing形式。Upon hearing the funny story,everyone burst into laughter.一听到这
5、个滑稽的故事，大家都哈哈大笑起来。8over可表示时间，意为“在期间；直到结束”。Im sorry I didnt phone you,but Ive been very busy overthe past couple of weeks.很抱歉我没有给您打电话，但是在过去的两周里我一直很忙。Over coffee,she lit a cigarette,her eyes staring at the cup.喝咖啡时，她点燃了一支烟，眼睛盯着那个杯子。9within可表示范围、程度，意为“在之内”。The government was doing everything within its
6、power to help the victims.政府正尽其所能地帮助那些受害者。10of表示“在范围内”。The ceasefire resolution calls for the release of all prisoners of war.停火决议要求释放所有战俘。二、介词短语辨析考查介词短语辨析，往往要借助具体语境，另外，还要掌握常用的介词短语及其意义。1与介词in搭配的常用短语in a way 在某种程度上in no way 没门in the way 挡住道路in vain 徒劳in general 通常，大体上in detail 详细地in turn 轮流in return
7、作为回报in need 需要in time 迟早，及时2与out of搭配的常用短语out of date/time 过时/过期out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 没门/绝不可能out of shape 变形out of fashion 不流行out of order 出了故障out of reach 遥不可及3“in名词of”常用搭配in honor of 为纪念in charge of 负责，掌管in terms of 依据，根据in praise of 赞扬in favor of 支持，赞同in need of 需要in spite of 尽管
8、4与介词at搭配的常用短语 at no time 决不at a time 一次/每次at one time 一度/曾经at times 不时地/有时at ones request 应某人的要求at a loss 不知所措5其他常考短语on behalf of 代表by chance/accident 偶然after all 毕竟，别忘了regardless of 不管，不顾on the whole 总的说来on the contrary 相反by contrast 相比之下常考点一：常见介词辨析1(2017天津高考)When you drive through the Redwood Fore
9、sts in California,you will be_ trees that are over 1,000 years old.Aamong BagainstCbehindDbelow解析：句意：当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时，你将会处于树龄超过1 000年的古树中。be among“处于之中”，符合语境。答案：A 2(2017北京高考)Many people who live along the coast make a living_ fishing industry.AatBinConDby解析：句意：许多住在海边的人都是靠渔业谋生的。此处用介词in，意为“在方面”。make a l
10、iving in fishing industry“在渔业方面谋生”。答案：B 3(2016浙江高考)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _ influence the basic processes by which we see world around us.AonBinCatDabout解析：句意：研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们对周围世界的判断进程。we grow up in是定语从句，修饰cultures。in the culture“在这种文化下”。答案：B 常考点二：介词短语辨析4(2018江苏高考)Chinas sof
11、t power grows _ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.Ain line withBin reply toCin return forDin honour of解析：句意：中国的软实力在增长，这与中国在全球范围内得到越来越多的欣赏和理解是一致的。in line with意为“与一致”，符合语境。in reply to“回复，答复”；in return for“作为对的报答，回报”；in honour of“为了向表示敬意”。答案：A 5(2017江苏高考)Determining where
12、we are _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.Ain contrast toBin defense ofCin face ofDin relation to解析：句意：根据我们周围的环境来确定自己身在何处，这是我们生存的一项必不可少的技能。in relation to“与相关；涉及”，符合句意。in contrast to“与相比较”；in defense of“防卫，为辩护”；in face of“面对”。答案：D 6(2017天津高考)We offer an excellent education
13、 to our students._，we expect students to work hard.AOn averageBAt bestCIn returnDAfter all解析：句意：我们给我们的学生提供优质的教育，作为回报，我们期待学生能努力学习。根据句意，这里用介词短语in return表示“作为回报”。on average“平均”；at best“充其量，至多”；after all“终究，毕竟”。答案：C 7(2016天津高考)The dictionary is _：many words have been added to the language since it was p
14、ublished.Aout of controlBout of dateCout of sightDout of reach解析：句意：这部词典过时(out of date)了：自从它出版以来，这门语言已增添了许多单词。故选B项。答案：B 8(2016浙江高考)That young man is honest,cooperative,always there when you need his help._，hes reliable.AOr elseBIn shortCBy the wayDFor one thing解析：句意：那个年轻人诚实而且善于合作，总是在你需要他帮忙的时候出现。简言之(
15、in short)，他是值得信赖的。故选B项。答案：B 9(2015浙江高考)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea?AaboutBtoCwithDover解析：句意：你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗？be home to为固定搭配，意为“是的栖息地，是的家园”。答案：B.单项填空1(2019南京、盐城一模)Men who stay fit can lower their risk of dying from a heart condition by 30%as compar
16、ed with those who are _.Aout of order Bout of placeCout of shapeDout of control解析：句意：相比于身体不健康的人，那些保持身体健康的人，心脏病死亡的风险降低了30%。out of shape“变形，走样；不健康”，符合语境。out of order“有毛病，出故障”；out of place“不恰当，不合适”；out of control“失控”。答案：C 2(2019苏州高三一模)Transport was considered to have contributed to environmental proble
17、ms,particularly _ air quality and noise impacts.Awith regard toBin contrast toCby means ofDon account of解析：句意：交通被认为是造成环境问题的原因，特别是在空气质量和噪音影响方面。with regard to“关于，与有关”，符合题意。in contrast to“与正相反”；by means of“通过方式”；on account of“由于”。答案：A 3(2019常州高三一模)The director cannot be here,so I would like to express
18、my warm welcome to all of you _.Ain his interestBto his saluteCon his behalfDat his service解析：句意：主任不能来，所以我代表他向大家表示热烈的欢迎。on his behalf“代表他，以他的名义”，符合语境。in ones interest“对某人来说是有利的”；to ones salute“向某人敬礼”；at ones service“听候某人吩咐”。答案：C4(2019无锡高三一模)Wolf Warrior is the first film to taste success both _ box
19、office earnings and promoting Chinese values.Ain terms ofBin view ofCin place ofDin honour of解析：句意：战狼2是第一部在票房和宣扬中国核心价值观上都获得成功的电影。in terms of“在方面，就而言”，符合题意。in view of“鉴于”；in place of“替代”；in honour of“为了纪念”。答案：A 5(2019江苏押题卷一)Rumour has it that the chairman had sold his stocks _ issuing the news of the
20、 companys loss.Ain case ofBin light ofCin support ofDin advance of解析：句意：据传言在发布公司亏损的消息之前这位总裁抛售了他的股票。根据句意可知，in advance of“在之前”符合语境。in case of“以防万一”；in light of“根据，鉴于”；in support of“支持，赞同”。答案：D 6(2019镇江高三一模)Science involves imagination and creative thinking so as to establish scientific theories._，Eins
21、tein is one of the most outstanding scientists.AIn this caseBBy this meansCWith this methodDIn this regard解析：句意：为了建立起科学理论，科学要涉及到想象力和创造性思维。在这一方面而言，爱因斯坦是最杰出的科学家之一。in this regard“在这个方面”，符合句意。in this case“在这种情况下”；by this means和with this method均表示“通过这个方法”。答案：D 7(2019江苏押题卷四)I dont happen to have the appli
22、cation form _ now.Will you please come around for it sometime next week?Aat hand Bat bestCat heartDat random解析：句意：恰巧我手边现在没有申请表。可以请你下周抽个时间过来拿吗？根据句意可知，at hand“在手边”符合语境。at best“充其量，从最好的角度看”；at heart“内心里，本质上”；at random“随便地，任意地”。答案：A 8(2019江苏押题卷五)The monitor is about understanding how users are interacti
23、ng with your application and how your application behaves _ real usage.Aon behalf ofBby virtue ofCin response to Dwith reference to解析：句意：监控旨在了解用户如何与您的应用程序进行互动以及您的应用程序如何响应(用户)实际使用(时的问题)。根据句意可知，in response to“响应，反应”符合语境。on behalf of“代表”；by virtue of“凭借”；with reference to“关于”。答案：C 9(2019扬州高三一模)This you
24、ng man likes travelling he is always _.Ain a rushBat a crossroadsCin a dilemmaDon the move解析：句意：这个年轻人喜欢旅行他总是四处奔波。on the move“在行动中，四处奔波”，符合语境。in a rush“匆匆忙忙”；at a crossroads“处于关键时刻，在紧要关头”；in a dilemma“左右为难”。答案：D.完成句子1They were all (兴高采烈),for they had got another good harvest.2(除了良好的服务),the restaurant
25、 offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.3The lady has won the position in the end because she (比其他人有优势)of knowing many languages.4When she was in trouble,I did what I could to help her.(作为对我的帮助的回报),she wrote me a letter of thanks.5There is something wrong with his throat;(结果),Alvin has to give up the singing competition.in high spiritsApart from good servicehas theadvantage over othersInreturn for my helpas a result