1、第二讲 冠 词 一、不定冠词The“Chinese Dream”is a dream to improve peoples well-being and a dream of harmony,peace and development.(福建高考单选改编)“中国梦”是一个提升人民幸福感的梦，也是一个和谐、和平及发展的梦。A doctor is a person who saves peoples life.医生就是拯救人们生命的人。A Mr Tailor came to see you while you were out.你不在时一位叫泰勒的先生来找过你。He missed the gold
2、 in the high jump,but will get asecond chance in the long jump.他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌，但是，在跳远比赛中他还有一次(获得金牌的)机会。The American housewife probably goes shopping only once or twice a week.美国家庭主妇可能一周只购物一两次。不定冠词a/an的用法1单数可数名词前用不定冠词a/an表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物。2表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。3用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间；用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。4不定冠
3、词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示“再一，又一”。5表示单位时间内的频度，含有“每”的概念。规律总结二、定冠词We all sighed with relief when the plane finally landed safely.当飞机最后安全着陆的时候，我们全都如释重负地松了一口气。As is known to us,the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。Liu Yang is the first woman who has been into space in China.在中国，刘洋是第一位进入太空的女性。Marco Polo is
4、said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.(陕西高考语法和词汇知识)据说在十三世纪马可波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。Its said John will be in a job paying over$60,000a year.Right,he will also get paid by the week.据说约翰将拥有一份年薪超过60 000美元的工作。是的，而且会按周获得报酬。定冠词the的用法1用在名词前表示特指。2用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发
5、明物之前。3用在序数词和最高级前。4用于集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前。5用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour,by the week等，但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词，如by weight,by height等。规律总结三、零冠词The Smiths dont usually like staying at hotels,but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by sea.史密斯一家通常不喜欢住旅馆，但去年夏天他们在海边一家不错的旅馆住了几天。Dr.Peter Spence,headmaster of
6、 the school,told us,“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”这所学校的校长彼得斯彭斯博士告诉我们，这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。A year can be divided into four seasons spring,summer,autumn and winter.一年可以分为四季春、夏、秋、冬。Clever boy as he is,he cant solve such a difficult problem.尽管他是个聪明的孩子，但他无法解决这么难的问题。Bel
7、ieve it or not,there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，没有什么标准英语。India attained independence in 1947,after a long struggle.经过长期斗争后，印度于1947年赢得独立。零冠词的用法 1不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词。2称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。3月、季、星期、节假、洲前；三餐、球类、惯用语前；学科、棋类名词前，用零冠词。4as/though引导的让步状语从句中，如果作表语的名词置于句首，名词前不用冠词。规律
8、总结5no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。6纯不可数名词，不能与不定冠词连用。高考中常见的词有：baggage,luggage,furniture,health,weather,fun,space(太空),advice,word(消息),progress,information,news,luck,wealth(财富),independence等。规律总结常考点一：冠词的特指与泛指1(2016浙江高考)_ prize for the winner of the competition is _ two-week holiday in Paris.AThe;不填 B
9、A;不填CA;theDThe;a解析：句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是在巴黎度假两周。第一空填the，是特指“获胜者的奖品”，用定冠词；第二空是泛指“一个两周的假期”，用不定冠词a。故选A。答案：D 2(2015重庆高考)I just heard_ bank where Dora works was robbed by_ gunman wearing a mask.Athe;/Ba;/Cthe;aDa;the解析：句意：我刚刚听说多拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。第一个空有定语从句修饰限定，很显然是特指多拉工作的那家银行，可排除B、D两项；第二个空后的gunman是可数名词单数，其前一般需
10、要加适当的冠词或其他限定词，故选C。答案：C3(2020届高三南京重点中学联考)To us all in China,_ experience of taking the College Entrance Examination seems an important way to judge whether ones life is _ complete one.Athe;aBan;aCthe;theDan;the解析：第一空特指“参加高考的经历”，因此用定冠词；第二空表示泛指，应用不定冠词。因此选A。答案：A 常考点二：冠词的习惯用法4(2020届高三江苏省高考压轴卷)Could you t
11、ell me the way to _ Johnsons,please?Sorry,we dont have _ Johnson here in the village.Athe;theBthe;aC/;theDthe;/解析：在人的姓氏前加定冠词the，姓后加-s表示“一家或夫妻两人”；在人的姓氏前加不定冠词a，表示“某个姓的人”。答案：B 5(2020届高三苏州模拟)For most people,_ work stress involves _ lack of satisfaction and not feeling appreciated.A/;/Bthe;theC/;theD/;a解
12、析：句意：对大部分人来说，工作压力包含缺乏满足感和被欣赏感。第一空，stress作“压力”讲时，是不可数名词，故不用冠词；第二空，a lack of“缺乏，缺少”，为固定短语。故选D项。答案：D 单项填空1(2019盐城中学质量检测)The viewers will have _ second chance to watch the TV series on _ Channel 4 tonight.Aa;the Bthe;theCthe;/Da;/解析：第一空“a序数词”表示“再一，又一”；第二空“Channel 4”是专有名词，其前不用冠词。故D项正确。答案：D 2(2019徐州一中模拟)W
13、e Chinese have a dream _ dream to turn a well-off life into _ reality by 2020.Aa;aBthe;/Cthe;aDa;the解析：句意：我们中国人有一个梦想，那就是到2020年实现小康。第一空“dream”是可数名词，与前面的“a dream”呼应，是其同位语，故用不定冠词；固定搭配：turn sth.into reality意为“把变成现实”；turn sth.into a reality也意为“把变成现实”，但指将具体的事物变成现实，符合本题“实现小康”这一语境。因此，第二空用不定冠词。故选A项。答案：A 3(20
14、19常州高三模拟)Well,that is one of _ most expensive hotels in town,Im afraid.Do you mean wed better choose _ cheaper one?Aa;aBthe;aCa;theDthe;the解析：第一空，“one of _ most expensive hotels”表示“最贵的旅馆之一”，应用the；第二空，“_cheaper one”表示“一个较便宜的旅馆”，为泛指意义，应用a。故选B。答案：B 4(2019南京高三模拟)Mike struggled to keep _ pace with his fe
15、llows until the exploration came to _ end.Athe;/B/;theCthe;anD/;an解析：keep pace with sb.“与某人并驾齐驱，与某人步调一致”；come to an end“结束”，均为固定短语。答案：D 5(2019苏州高三模拟)Even a small amount of carbon monoxide can be fatal for children or at least has _ power to make _ child seriously ill.Aa;theBthe;aCthe;/D/;a解析：句意：即使是少
16、量的一氧化碳对儿童也会产生致命影响，或者说至少会让儿童病得很严重。两个空处均表示泛指，power是不可数名词，前面不加冠词；而child为可数名词，故用不定冠词来修饰，表示泛指。答案：D 6(2019连云港高三检测)Environment-friendly living means that people lead _ healthier lifestyle,and always in _ harmony with the world around us.Aa;/Bthe;aC/;aDa;the解析：第一空表泛指，故用不定冠词，a healthier lifestyle“一种更健康的生活方式”
17、；in harmony with为固定短语，意为“与和谐相处”，故选A。答案：A 7(2020届高三徐州一中模拟)Everything comes with _ price;there is no such _ thing as a free lunch in the world.Aa;aBthe;/Cthe;aDa;/解析：句意：所有东西都是有价的，天下没有免费的午餐。第一空表示泛指，应用不定冠词；nonot any/not a，thing前因为有no不再用不定冠词，故选D。答案：D 8Im disappointed the experiment turned out to be _ com
18、plete failure again.Dont lose heart.Try _ third time.Athe;aBa;theCa;aD/;the解析：句意：“我很失望，这次试验证明又是一次完全的失败。”“不要灰心丧气，再尝试一次。”第一空后的failure为抽象名词具体化，表示“失败的事或失败的人”，故用a修饰；不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示“再一，又一”，故选C。答案：C 9(2020届高三扬州模拟)As environment protection is becoming _ public concern,_ government is determined to pay more attention to the issue.A/;theBa;/Cthe;aDa;the解析：句意：由于环境保护正成为公众关注的一个问题，政府决心给予更多的关注。第一空表示泛指，应用不定冠词；第二空为特指，应用定冠词，故选D。答案：D