1、山东省滕州实验中学2018届高三英语一轮复习自测题（一）学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、阅读理解A new report said that different types of plants can release some chemical into the air to help other plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose to spread information about one plants disease or infestation so other plants can defend t
2、hemselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.In this weeks Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers in Japan offered some explanations. They had identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.The
3、scientists looked at tomato plants infested by a common pest, the cutworm. The researchers studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called Hex Vic. When the scientists fed Hex Vic to cutworms, it knocked do
4、wn their survival rate by I7%. The scientists identified the source of Hex Vic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the cutworm-killing Hex Vic. Researchers confirmed that uninfected plants have to build their own weapons to fight off bugs and d
5、isease. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.It is a complex tale, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. Further studies are needed to in
6、crease agricultural efficiency.1Which is the way used by plants to warn their neighbors?A. using of windsB. identifying the chemicalsC. releasing some chemicalsD. being exposed early2It can be inferred from the text that .A. farmers may benefit from the further studiesB. the phenomenon may be happen
7、ing in less plant species than tomatoesC. there are not chemical signalsD. plants are warned first by their neighbors3What，s the function of Hex Vic?A. It sprays over healthy plants.B. It shows up more.C. It cures the disease.D. It damages the cutworms body4The passage is likely to appear in .A. a n
8、ewspaper advertisementB. a physics textbookC. a science magazineD. a finance reportToday, we talk about a common object that appears in many expressions buttons! Buttons, which are usually small and round and made of metal or plastic, are found on all sorts of clothing. They fasten or connect one pi
9、ece of clothing to another in order to make sure your clothes dont fall off.To be cute as a button is an old saying, which means to be attractive or sweet, but in a small way. Babies are often described as cute as a button. Language experts dont know why. But they do say this expression dates back t
10、o the late 1860s.Here is another expression related to button: button-down. People often wear button-down shirts to the office. Button-down as an adjective means to be conservative or traditional. People described as button-down stay as close as possible to the normal way of dressing and behaving.Wh
11、en buttoning a button you slip it into a buttonhole. A buttonhole traps the button. So, to buttonhole someone means you have trapped them in a spoken conversation. Now, lets say you find yourself buttonholed in a conversation at a party. Someone just keeps talking and talking and talking! Finally, y
12、ou cant take it any longer. You tell the person to button it! This is a direct, but unacceptable way of saying “Stop talking!” Button your lip is another equally rude but effective way to stop a person who talks too much.Another kind of difficult person is someone who pushes ones buttons. To push on
13、es buttons means to know exactly how to get that person angry or upset. People who like to push other peoples buttons usually do it for selfish reasons. They find a persons weak point and then they use it to upset them.5What do you think of someone who wears a button-down shirt to the office?A. Funn
14、y. B. Traditional.C. Crazy. D. Fashionable.6What will you probably say to get rid of a long and boring talk?A. Button your lip. B. Be cute as a button.C. Push your buttons. D. Be button-down.7How does the fourth paragraph mainly develop?A. By giving examples. B. By making contrasts.C. By listing fig
15、ures. D. By analyzing cause and effect.8What does the underlined phrase “pushes ones buttons” in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Learns of ones secret. B. Shouts loudly.C. Gets someone to lose his temper. D. Argues with someone.Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other
16、 and pass on their wealth to the next generation?UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees
17、survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”.Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to kee
18、p them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pas
19、s on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the enti
20、re forest.“We didnt take any notice of it,” Simard says sadly. “Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for
21、the future.9The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 3 probably means that trees _.A. depend on each other B. protect their own wealthC. compete for survival D. provide support for dying trees10“Mother trees” are extremely important because they_A. know more about the complex “tre
22、e societies”B. seem more likely to be cut down by humansC. look the largest in size in the forestD. pass on nutrition to young trees11The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to _.A. how young trees survive B. how “tree societies” workC. how forestry industry develops D. how trees grow
23、old12What would be the best title for the passage?A. Old Trees Communicate Like HumansB. Young Trees Are in Need of ProtectionC. Trees Are More Fantastic Than You ThinkD. Trees Contribute to Our SocietyCar HireHiring a self-drive car really adds to the enjoyment of your holiday.There are so many pla
24、ces of interest to visit, and if you enjoy seeing more than just the city center theres no better way to explore than by car.Hire Charges:Whats includeda) Unlimited mileage（英里数）.b) Expenses on oil,maintenance and repairs,which will be repaid on production of invoices.c) Full insurance except persona
25、l accident (see below).Whats not includeda) Personal accident insurance.b) Garaging, petrol, parking and traffic fines.Conditions of Hire:The shortest rental period at these special low prices is three days.For prices for periods of one or two days you only see our representative at the hotel.Car hi
26、re must be booked six weeks or more before arrival in London to guarantee a car.But if you have been unable to make a booking in advance please see our representative at the hotel who may still be able to help you.The car types on the sheet are examples of the types of cars in each price range,but p
27、articular car cannot be guaranteed.Upon delivery the driver (s) will be asked to sigh the car hire companys Condition of Hire.If you decide to hire a car,just fill in the Booking Form and return it to us.A booking fee of 12 as part of the car hire cost is required.Should you be forced to cancel your
28、 car hire booking after payment in full (two weeks before date of hire),a cancellation charge of 12 will be made.13From the advertisement, if an accident happens, a car hirer will pay .A. insurance against damage to the carB. the cost of maintenance of the carC. insurance against injury to the drive
29、rD. the cost of repairs to the car14If car hirers change their minds after paying the whole cost of hiring,the 12 booking fee is .A. not returned B. doubly paidC. partly returned D. returned within six weeks15The prices for car hire are especially low when .A. it is booked two weeks in advance B. it
30、 is booked for at least three daysC. it is booked for two days D. the booking is made in London二、完形填空One morning in early fall, I spotted a pair of wild geese on our pond. The beautiful sight caught me by _. because wed never seen geese there before. I wondered where they came from and why theyd _ o
31、ur pond.“As the days passed, I couldnt _ getting a closer look and started talking to the geese. They craned their necks and raised their heads _ but seemed to realize I was a _ and not an enemy. I felt _ we were bonding.One day as they were _ in the grass near the driveway, I discovered the reason
32、for their _ the male had a broken left wing. He was _ to fly, and his lifelong mate would not leave him _. I marveled (惊叹) at the _ between them.I asked a wildlife biologist friend what I should _. He explained that sometime a broken wing will heal by itself and suggested letting _ take its course.O
33、n the first day of November, I was _ in the vicinity (邻近) of the geese with my tractor. I caught some _ from the comer of my eye.Both geese were running toward the pond, wings beating _. The geese gained enough altitude to clear a neighbors house, then _ back toward me, flying no more than 50 feet o
34、ver my head as if to say goodbye. Then they were out of _.I grew _ them during their stay at our pond, and I miss them. Ill never forget their _ to each other. We could all learn a lesson or two from this pair.16A. anger B. surprise C. terror D. sorrow17A. cleared B. destroyed C. chosen D. disturbed
35、18A. resist B. imagine C. escape D. admit19A. naturally B. happily C. sadly D. cautiously20A. hunter B. helper C. friend D. guard21A. whether B. even if C. how D. as though22A. jumping B. feeding C. working D. growing23A. absence B. delay C. visit D. departure24A. unable B. curious C. eager D. afrai
36、d25A. mad B. calm C. around D. behind26A. bond B. quarrel C. conflict D. competition27A. do B. cure C. share D. check28A. chance B. nature C. fate D. knowledge29A. playing B. experimenting C. working D. fighting30A. atmosphere B. division C. response D. movement31A. wildly B. occasionally C. slowly
37、D. aimlessly32A. floated B. circled C. slid D. skipped33A. order B. place C. sight D. control34A. angry with B. fond of C. tired of D. grateful to35A. sympathy B. objection C. adjustment D. devotion三、七选五We know that sometimes studying a new language can be hard work but it can be fun too-and if we c
38、an make our learning experience fun, then we will learn better. So here are some more of our top tips for making studying fun.Firstly,36-make sure your chair is suitable and its at the right height for the desk. Make sure you have good ventilation(空气流通) and light and the space youre in isnt too hot-
39、you dont want to fall asleep! And put away anything that might distract you, like your smartphone.Rather than just staring at books and being passive,37. Why not record yourself and listen back to yourself speaking or reading out information. Or you could turn facts into songs and sing them out loud
40、-this is sure to make information stick in your head!38-flashcards are very useful because they provide visual clues that help you remember things. You could also stick words, grammar rules and other bits of information on notes around your study space or other places around your house-so for exampl
41、e, you can read them when brushing your teeth!Dont feel daunted by the amount of studying you have to do.39. Study in small bursts and vary the topics you study so you dont get bored and you stop retaining information. If you can, choose a time of day that best suits your natural preference. Some pe
42、ople work best at night while others work best early in the morning.Finally, dont overdo it-know your limits-if you study too hard it wont be fun and you wont absorb information.40-and give yourself a small reward when you do.A. try to become an active learnerB. So care your mental and physical heal
43、thC. get comfortableD. So take regular breaksE. Also be creativeF. And dont try to study continuously all day to fit it all inG. But you can focus on some entertainments四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。We often hear people say “Youve a greater chance 41 (hit) by lightning.” It is used to descri
44、be something 42 (likely) to happen. However, 43 truth is that lightning strikes are the second most common cause of deaths among natural disasters in the US. The first is floods. Around 400 Americans are struck by lightning each year, of 44 about 70 people die. In fact, there are more deaths 45 (cau
45、se) by lightning than by tornadoes and hurricanes. And in India, at least 2,000 people 46 (kill) in lightning strikes since2005. Because lightning kills only one or two people at a time, its danger does not receive as much attention 47 other disasters. The US has made June 22-28 National Lightning S
46、afety Week, aiming to deepen the publics 48 (understand) of the dangers of lightning and provide safety tips during thunderstorms. “If you hear thunder, you are in danger of lightning,” said Rocky Lopes, a disaster educator at the American Red Cross. “The most important thing is to seek a 49 (hide)
47、place. If you are near wide, open places, move indoors as 50 (quick) as possible and stay there until after the storm has ended.”五、短文改错51假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
48、2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Though many people hate it, but cigarette smoking remains a common habit. About 20 percent of adult men in the USA smoke cigarettes regular. In spite of this, a number of individuals who have given up smoking is increased.There are many factors that determines a persons smok
49、ing habit, included income, education, and occupation. People who live in city smoke more than those who live on farms. Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. In the other hand, if a well-educated man with a high
50、 income does smoke, who tends to smoke more cigarettes per day.六、书面表达52假如你是李华，你们班队中学生是否有必要读英文经典文学进行了讨论。请根据下表内容用英语写一篇文章。80%：有必要20%：没必要你的观点1.扩大词汇量2.提高写作水平3.了解西方历史和文化1.读不懂，没意思2.内容与当今生活联系甚少3.学习负担重，没有时间注意：1.注意车数所给要点，可以做适当发挥，但不要简单翻译。2.词数150左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。Recently our class have had a discussion about whe
51、ther it is necessary for middle school students to read English classics._参考答案1C2A3D4C5B6A7A8C9A10D11B12C13C14A15B16B17C18A19D20C21D22B23C24A25D26A27A28B29C30D31A32B33C34B35D36C37A38E39F40D41to be hit 42unlikely 43the 44whom 45 caused 46 have been killed 47as 48understanding 49 hiding 50quickly5152R
52、ecently our class have had a discussion about whether it is necessary for middle school students to read English classics. Different students have different opinions.80% of the students think it necessary to read English classics. By reading classics we can enlarge our vocabulary and it is also an e
53、ffective way to improve our writing. Whats more, we can learn a lot about Western history and culture by reading great English books.20% of the students dont think so. In their opinion, English classics are boring and difficult to understand. As they written a long time ago, their contents are far d
54、ifferent from the life today. Besides, with heavy learning loads, a student can hardly find extra time to read after class. In my opinion, classics are examples of great writing and wisdom. Reading them can help us improve our English as well as enrich our knowledge. So we should try to read some classics whenever possible.