1、Section Learning about Language Grammar动词ing形式作定语和状语 新知导引在空格处填入适当动词形式(教材P26)I saw several young people enter the waiting area(look)around curiously.(教材P26)I stood for a minute(watch)them and then went to greet them.(教材P26)Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in(smile),together with George Cook from Can
2、ada.lookingwatchingsmiling(教材P26)In the same way that people communicate with spoken language,they also express their feelings(use)unspoken“language”through physical distance,actions or posture.(smoke)too much,he has suffered from lung cancer.(hear)the news,they jumped for joy.The old scientist died
3、 all of a sudden,(leave)the project unfinished.usingHaving smokedHearingleaving共性呈现1填充部分在句中作伴随状语的是；作时间状语的是；作结果状语的是；作原因状语的是。2比较句和可知：句中动词-ing形式短语为式，表示动作与谓语动词同时发生；句中动词-ing形式短语为式，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。3观察句可知现在分词的逻辑主语都是句子的。一般完成主语知识详解一、现在分词作状语的用法现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。1作时间状语(相当于一
4、个时间状语从句)。Walking in the park,she saw an old friend.When/While(she was)walking in the park,she saw an old friend.当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。名师点津 当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。2作原因状语(一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句)Being ill,he couldnt go to school.As he was ill,he couldnt go to school.因为生病了，他
5、无法去上学。3作条件状语(一般放在句首，其前可以加if,unless等连词)Working hard,youll make great progress.If you work hard,youll make great progress.如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。4作结果状语现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。The plate dropped from her hands,breaking into pieces.盘子从她手中掉了下来，摔成了碎片。名师点津 现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前
6、面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：He was caught in the rain,thus making himself catch cold.被雨淋后他感冒了。I hurried to school,only to find it was Sunday.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。5作让步、方式和伴随状语现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。Mary sat by the window of the
7、classroom,reading a book.Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。名师点津 为强调动词-ing形式表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。例如，加上when,while，强调与谓语动词同时发生；加上before,after，强调动作先后发生；加上thus，强调结果；加上(al)though，强调让步等。Though knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。即时演练1
8、单句语法填空(1)(hear)the news,they immediately set off for the station.(2)(use)a stick,the painter drew a picture on the ground in ten minutes.(3)The child slipped and fell,(hit)his head against the door.(4)(live)miles away,he attended the lecture.(5)He lay in bed,(read)a novel.HearingUsinghittingLivingre
9、ading二、现在分词作状语注意事项1现在分词的时态现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。Walking in the street,I met an old friend of mine.我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)(2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。Having finished the letter,he went to post it.他写完信后就把它寄了出去
10、。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)即时演练2 用所给词的适当形式填空(1)The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows,(make)air conditioning unnecessary.(2)(work)for three hours,he took a rest.(3)(live)in Beijing for years,I almost know every place quite well.(4)(spend)nearly all our money,we couldnt afford to st
11、ay at a hotel.(5)(see)nobody at home,he decided to leave them a note.makingHaving workedHaving livedHaving spentSeeing2现在分词的语态使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。Having been shown around the factory,they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式)被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。Having finished his homework,he went t
12、o bed.(现在分词的主动式)完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。Having tried many times,he still couldnt overcome his difficulties.(现在分词的主动式)尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未克服困难。即时演练3 用所给词的适当形式填空(1)Having (spend)all his money，the boy had to give his mother a call.(2)(tell)for several times,he still couldnt understand the rules.(3)(receive)his reply,she
13、rang him up.(4)(ask)to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.spentHaving been toldHaving receivedHaving been asked3动词-ing形式的否定式：notv.-ing;not havingv.-edNot knowing what to do,the children had to wait for their parents to come back.不知道要做什么，孩子们只好等他们的母亲回来。Not having made full preparatio
14、ns,we put off the sports meeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。4独立主格动词-ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。The trees are extremely tall,some measuring over 90 metres.那些树非常高，其中一些经测量高达90多米。The weather being fine,we went out for a walk.由于天气好，我们去散步了。即时演练4 用现在分词的独立主格结构改写下列句子(1)If we
15、ather permits,we shall go there on foot.,we shall go there on foot.(2)After Mary came back,they discussed it together.,they discussed it together.Weather permittingMary coming back5现在分词作评注性状语有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking“一般来说”，judging by/from.“从判断”，taking everything into consideration“从全盘考虑”。Judging from his behaviour,he must be mad.从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。