1、【2014高考英语吉林省长春市调研试题】书面表达（满分25分）假定你是李华，因陪母亲看病，不能参加明天下午关于美国文化的讲座。请写一封 短信向老师Miss Clinton请假。内容主要包括：1. 不能听讲座，跟老师表示歉意；2. 向老师陈述缺席理由；3. 询问老师是否有讲座录音或影像，以便日后补听讲座。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当増加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头语已为你写好。Dear Miss Clinton,I am very sorry that _Yours, Li Hua【语篇解读】 书面表达体裁为请假条，题材贴近考生生活。【命题立意】 本试卷书面表达的目的在于考查考
2、生应用已有的语言知识完成一篇应用文（请假条）写作的综合能力。【参考范文】 Dear Miss Clinton, I am very sorry that I will not be able to attend the lecture tomorrow afternoon, which is on American culture. My mother is ill, and I will take her to hospital tomorrow since my father is on a business trip. I will take care of my mother unti
3、l she is better, so I have to ask for several days leave. I am very interested in the topic of American culture. It is really a pity that I miss it. I wonder if there will be any recording of the lecture. If so, I can listen to it when it is convenient. Thank you very much. Yours, Li Hua【评分标准】 1. 本题
4、总分为25分, 按5个档次给分。2. 评分时, 先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次, 然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次, 最后给分。3. 词数少于80和多于120的, 从总分中减去2分。4. 评分时, 应注意的主要内容是: 内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性、上下文的连贯性。5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予 以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。6. 如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。【内容要点】 1. 正确使用表示歉意的语句。 2. 陈述理由：母亲生病，陪她去医院看病。 3. 询问是否有录音，以便过后补听讲座。
5、4. 语气符合学生向老师请假的情况。【各档次的给分范围和要求】 第五档21分25分完全完成了试题规定的任务。-覆盖了所有内容要点；-应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；-语法或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高词汇 所致；具备较强的语言运用能力；-有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑；完全达到了预期的写作目的。第四档16分20分完全完成了试题规定的任务。-覆盖了所有内容要点；-应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务要求；-语法结构和词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或较高词汇所致； -应用了简单的语句间连接成分，使全文结构紧凑；达到了预期的写作目的。第三档11分15
6、分基本完成了试题规定的任务。-虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容；-应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务要求；-有一些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解；-应用了简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯；整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。第二档6分10分未恰当完成试题规定的任务。-漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容；-语法结构单调，词汇项目有限；-有一些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解；-较少使用语句间连接成分，内容缺少连贯性；信息未能清楚地传达给读者。第一档1分5分未完成试题规定的任务。-明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求；-语法结构单调，词
7、汇项目有限；-较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解；-缺乏语句间连接成分，内容不连贯；信息未能传达给读者。0分未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判；写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。The Goldman Environmental Foundation recently recognized a group of individuals (个体) for their efforts to protect the environment. Each year, the American-
8、based group honors environmental activists from six different areas. The first three winners of the 2012 Goldman Prize are from Kenya, the Philippines and China. The Goldman Environmental Foundation says Ikal Angelei is a hero to those who live around Lake Turkana. The Kenyan woman received the awar
9、d because of her efforts to stop a dam project on a river in Ethiopia. Critics say the dam will harm the lake and restrict (限制) the flow of water for people who live nearby. The Philippine island of Mindoro is home to those who depend on the areas natural resources for food and jobs. Edwin Gariguez
10、became concerned when a European company announced plans to mine for nickel (镍) on the island. The Roman Catholic minister said waste materials from the mining project would pollute the water and destroy the forests. So he started a campaign to stop the project. In China, Ma June is working with bus
11、inesses to clean up their pollution. He formed a group that collects information about pollution, and publishes it on the Internet. The Goldman Prize was also awarded to activists from Argentina, Russia and the United States. Sofia Gatica of Argentina is from a town where farmers commonly use pestic
12、ide (杀虫剂) products to protect soybean crops from insects. The town also has a high rate of cancer. Sofia Gatica believed that pesticide use was responsible for the death of her baby. She worked with other mothers to get government officials to ban the use of chemicals near populated areas. Evgenia C
13、hirikova objects to the plans to build a road through a protected forest just outside Moscow. She has demanded that Russian officials redirect the road away from the forest. She and her followers have been arrested for their activities. However, their campaign has gained widespread public support. T
14、he sixth winner is American Caroline Cannona community leader in Point Hope, Alaska. Miz Cannon is fighting to keep Arctic waters safe from oil and gas exploration. 1. We can know from the passage that _. A. the dam project has been preventedB. the first three activists are all from Asia C. a Europe
15、an company is going to dig for nickelD. Ma June is trying to stop oil and gas exploration2. From the 7th paragraph, we can know that _. A. pesticide use accounts for a high-rate of cancerB. Sofia managed to ban the use of chemicalsC. the farmers mainly live on unpolluted products D. the death of the
16、 baby was due to delayed treatment3. What do we know about Evgenia Chirikova？A. She plans to build a road to protect the forest. B. She is in charge of a project far away from the road. C. She persuaded the government to set her followers free. D. Her environmental action has been widely acknowledge
17、d. 4. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Six Advanced Individuals for Hard WorkB. Efforts to Create a Clean and Beautiful WorldC. Six Environmental Activists Win Goldman PrizeD. The Goldman Environmental Foundation Prize【参考答案】14、CADC 阅读理解。No one knows for sure when advertising first st
18、arted. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job. Lets take a man well call Mr. Fielder, for example
19、. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didnt make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows(犁), or any of the other hundreds of thin
20、gs a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things. Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really lik
21、e farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows. How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside t
22、he shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows. Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs
23、were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale. A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first
24、medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get peoples attention. A crier, in the
25、historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a n
26、ewly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in todays world. 41What probably led to the start of advertising? AThe discovery of iron
27、. BThe specialization of labor. CThe appearance of new jobs. DThe development of farming techniques. 42To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright _. Apraised his plows in public Bplaced a sign outside the shop Chung an arrow pointing to the shop Dshowed his products to the customers43The writer makes up
28、the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to_. Aexplain the origin of advertising Bpredict the future of advertising Cexpose problems in advertising Dprovide suggestions for advertising44In ancient Egypt, a crier was probably someone who _. A. owned a shipB. had the loudest voiceC. r
29、an a shop selling goods to farmersD. functioned like todays TV or radio commercial45The last two paragraphs are mainly about_. A. the history of advertising B. the benefits of advertisingC. the early forms of advertising D. the basic design of advertising【要点综述】 什么是广告，广告的目的是什么？它最早是怎么开始的呢？在文章中作者将会告诉我们
30、一些有关广告历史的故事。让我们读文章去了解一下吧。41B 考查细节理解。从文章第一段“No one knows for sureThat led to the concept of specialization”可知劳动的专业化导致广告的开始，故答案应该选B项。42B考查细节理解。从文章第四段“and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.”可知，他放了一块标牌在外面以吸引顾客，所以选B项。43A考查推理判断。从第五段“Many historians believe that the first outdoor
31、signs were used five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.”知，作者通过上面列举的两个例子，阐述广告最有可能的起源，所以答案选A项。44D考查推理判断。从全文最后一段“A crier, in the historical sensein other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in todays world.”知，古代的crier如同现代社会电视和广播中的商业代言人，所以选D项。45C考查段落大意。从“A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message.”和“A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily”知，最后两段主要讨论了古代商业广告的模式，所以选C项。