1、二轮复习动词时态动词时态表动词时态表一般现在时 时态构成 主语+be(am,is,are)+表语 主语+V.(实义动词）频度副词：alwaysoften/usually/frequently/constantlysometimes/occasionally/now and thenseldom/rarelynever 句法功能 表示习惯性、经常性动作或状态。He always plays basketball after school.表示客观真理和普遍事实。（常见于名言警句）e.g.The earth goes around the sun.表示按照计划、规定、时间表将要发生的动作come/
2、go/begin/start/leave/arrive/open/close/stop/returne.g.The plane takes off at nine tomorrow morning.e.g.We leave here at 8:00 sharp.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，“主将从现”。e.g.You will surely succeed if you try your best.e.g.Ill tell her when she comes tomorrow.一般过去时 时态构成 主语+be(was/were)+表语 主语+V.(实义动词过去式）一般过去时由动词过去式表示
3、，动词be 根据人称有was和were两个词形，规则动词在词尾加-d-或ed；其他动词参阅不规则动词变化表。句法功能1.表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或情况 I did not sleep well last night.2.表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态 I wrote home once a week at college.He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood.3.追忆过去的人或事，用一般过去时态 Mark Twain was a great writer and wrote many famous n
4、ovels.4.在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中代替过去将来时态She told me she would not go if it rained the next day.We would not leave until the teacher came back.5.表达委婉语气(hope,wish,wonder,think,intend)I hoped you would come and have dinner with us.一般将来时 构成 1.will/shall do 2.be going to do 3.be about to do(when)4.be to do 5.be
5、 doing 1.will/shall do表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态I shall be free this afternoon.表示将要反复发生的动作Water will change into ice at 0.表示同意或答应做某事I wont tell anyone what happened,I promise.表示一种倾向或推测Flowers will die without water.2.be going to do“be going to+动词原形”这一结构常用于口语中。a.表示决定或打算要做某事Im going to buy a new coat this winter
6、.Are you going to play basketball after class?b.表示有迹象即将要发生什么事Look at those black clouds.It is going to rain.There is going to be a snowstorm.辨析：“be going to”与“will/shall”的区别1be going to通常表示很快就要发生的事，will/shall既可表示不久的将来，也可表示长远的将来或不确定的将来。She is going to get better.她的病要好了。（有恢复健康的迹象）She will get better.她
7、的病会好的。（认为最终会恢复健康的）2will表示将来，通常是指事先无计划的意图，是临时决定的；be going to则表示事先有计划的意图，是经过考虑的。George phoned while you were out.你外出的时候乔治打电话来的。Ok.Ill phone him back.好的，我给他回电话。（临时决定）Matthew phoned while you were out.你外出的时候马修打电话来了。Yes,I know.Im going to phone him back.是的，我知道了。我准备给他回电话。（早有安排）3.be to do 这一结构中的be，只有现在式(am
8、,is,are)和过去式(was,were)两种形式。a.表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作The highway is to be open to traffic in May.Am I to take over his work?b.表示指定要发生的事情You are to be successful.His plan is to be a failure.c.表示命令或吩咐等。否定形式常表示“禁止”或“不许”。You are to be back before 10 p.m.You are not to go out alone at night.4.be doing“be+动词的-ing形
9、式”表示根据现在的计划或安排，预期将会发生某事，这种安排不容随意改变。在这一结构中，动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，如 arrive,come,go,leave,move,start,stay,get 以及eat,meet,see off,die等，并与表示将来的时间状语连用。I am dining out tonight.The plane is taking off soon.过去将来时 构成+句法功能1.should/would doa.一般过去将来时常用于间接引语中He said“they will arrange a party.”He said they would ar
10、range a party.b.一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态If I had a chance to study abroad,I would study at Cambridge University.I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight.2.was/were going to do He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.3.was/were to do She said she was to clean the classro
11、om after school.4.was/were doingNobody knew whether the guests were coming.5.was/were about to do 表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。I felt something terrible was about to happen.6.was/were on the point of doingIm glad you have come.I was on the point of calling you,but youve saved me the trouble now.现在进行时 构成：be(am/is/
12、are)doing 句法功能1.表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作We are learning English at the moment.2.表示现阶段正在进行或发生的事情He is taking the medicine these days.3.表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作能这样用的动词并不多，通常是come,go,arrive,leave,move,meet,return,start,begin,take,change,stop,have,give等表示位置转移的动词。这种用法比较生动，给人以一种期待感。Jane and Betty are going on holiday in a f
13、ew days.Where are you staying in Guangzhou?4.与always,frequently,constantly,continually,forever 连用表示重复动作，暗含感情色彩。That girl is constantly changing her mind.（厌烦）The warm-hearted man is always thinking of others.（赞美）不用进行时态的动词表示状态的动词 这类动词有seem,look,appear,have,belong to,own,hold等。This backpack belongs to
14、me.表示知道、信念、理解、推测、怀疑、希望等含义的动词这类动词有know,remember,understand,see,think,believe,suppose,hope,doubt等。I still remember the days when we studied together.表示要求、心愿等意义的动词 这类动词有want,wish,need,desire等。Your clothes need washing.表示继续或持续含义的动词 这类动词有continue,keep,last,go on等。She still continues in poor health.表示感觉的动
15、词 这类动词有see,hear,smell,taste,feel等。The apples taste good.过去进行时 构成:was/were doing句法功能1.表示在过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或者该动作与过去的另一动作同时发生I was having supper at 7:00 yesterday evening.2.表示过去一段时间内正在进行的动作We were talking about you the whole morning.3.表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事She said she was leaving for New York the next month.4.与
16、always,frequently,constantly,continually,forever 连用表达某种感情色彩The girl was always changing her mind.5.表示故事发生的背景It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.将来进行时 构成：will/shall be doing 句法功能 1.表示将来某一时间里正在进行的动作 Ill be taking my holiday soon.They will be meeting us at the station.2.在口语中代替w
17、ill/shall do I hope you will be coming on time.Ill be seeing Mr.Smith tomorrow.现在完成时构成 have/has done现在完成时常被称为“与现在有联系的过去”，因此它不能与明确的过去时间状语连用。句法功能1.强调结果的现在完成时，现在完成时着眼于过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。Air pollution has taken the lives of many people.The temperature has increased by 10.2.强调经历的现在完成时 表示过去某一时刻到说话时这段时间中的经历。
18、The past has vanished like smoke.I have visited Beijing at least ten times.3.强调延续的现在完成时 这是现在完成时的“未完成”用法，表示一个动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能要继续下去。He has loved fishing for a long time.他爱好钓鱼为时已久。（他现在仍爱好钓鱼）I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在这儿住了三十多年了。（也许还会继续住下去）现在完成时的时间状语与现在完成时“已完成”用法连用的时间状语a.不确定的过去时
19、间状语：already,yet,before,recently,lately等Ive seen the film before.Have you been there lately?b.频度时间状语：often,sometimes,ever,never,once,rarely 等We have never heard of that.Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.c.包含现在时间在内的时间状语：now,just,today,this morning,this week,this year等I have just finished the letter now.Ha
20、s he done much work today?与现在完成时“未完成”用法连用的时间状语a.since+具体时间，表示动作或状态从何时开始Since then,he has developed another bad habit.He hasnt been home since he graduated.b.for+一段时间，表示动作或状态持续了多久We have worked here for ages.There has been no rain here for nearly two months.c.until now,up till now,so far,up to the mo
21、ment 到目前为止I have not seen him so far.Up to the present,everything has been OK.d.in/during the past/last five years 在刚刚过去的5年里He has been away from school during the last few weeks.e.all the while,all day 一直，一整天She has been busy all day.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别两者都可表示过去发生过的动作，但前者表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响，而后者则只是表示过去有这一动作的事
22、实。He locked the door.他锁过门。（但现在门是开是锁不清楚。）He has locked the door.他把门锁上了。（现在门是锁着的。）两者都可表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作，现在完成时表示该动作仍在继续，而一般过去时则说明该动作现已终止。He has lived in Beijing for four years.他在北京住了四年了。（现在仍住那儿）He lived in Beijing for four years.他曾在北京住了四年。（现在不住那儿了）have been to have gone to have been in句型 It/This is the
23、 first time thate.g.Its the first time(that)the boy has spoken to a foreigner.有时以上结构中的 first 也可换成 second，third，fourth 等；其中的time也可换成其他名词：Its the first month that he has lived here.This is the second cigarette that he has smoked today.过去完成时构成 had done句法功能表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或某一动作之前已经完成。即“过去的过去”。句中常用by引导
24、的时间状语或以 before,until,when,than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work.They came earlier than we had expected.2.表示“刚就”过去完成时常用在句型 hardly/scarcely/barely.when.,no sooner.than.He had hardly begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.Hardly had he begun to speak when the
25、 audience interrupted him.(倒装）He had no sooner arrived than he went away again.No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.(倒装）3.intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。I had meant to come,but something happened.They had wanted to help but couldnt get here in
26、time.4过去完成时与一般过去时的比较一般过去时表示过去时间的动作或状态。过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在一般过去时表示的动作或状态之前，“比过去更过去”。I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。He didnt know a thing about the verb,for he had not studied his lessons.他对动词一无所知，因为他没有好好学习功课。将来完成时构成 will/shall have done 句法功能1.表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。We shall h
27、ave learned 12 units by the end of this term.By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.2.表示推测You will have heard of this,I guess.I am sure he will have got the information.现在完成进行时构成 has/have been doing句法功能1.表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在现在完成进行时常和all this time,this week,this mont
28、h,all night,all the morning,recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语连用。She has been reciting the words all the morning.This is what I have been expecting since my childhood.2.表示动作刚刚结束My clothes are all wet.Ive been working in the rain.3.表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作Youve been saying that for five years.He has been writing
29、 articles to the newspapers and magazines since he became a teacher.4.表达较重的感情色彩What have you been doing to my dictionary?看你把我的字典弄成什么样子了！Time has been flying so quickly!时间过得可真快啊！5 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。Have you been meeting him recently?你最近常和他见面吗？Have you met him recently?你最近见到过他吗？现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。I have been waiting for you for two hours.我一直等了你两个小时。（可能表示不满）I have waited for you for two hours.我等了你两个小时。（说明一个事实）现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。Who has been eating the oranges?谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？（还剩余一些）Who has eaten the oranges?谁把桔子吃光了？（强调吃得一个不剩）