1、Unit4 Natural disasters核心考点【重点单词】1rescue n& vt. 营救；救援(教材P48)归纳拓展(1)come/go to sb.s rescue 来/去救助某人rescue team/workers 救援队/人员(2)rescue . from . 把从解救出来When we were in danger, they came_to_our_rescue.当我们有危险时，他们赶来救援我们。Hundreds of miners are still in water, waiting to be_rescued.数以百计的矿工仍在水中等待救援。The brave
2、firefighter rescued_three_children_from the burning house yesterday.昨天这名勇敢的消防队员从燃烧的房子中救出了三个孩子。2damage vt. 损害；破坏n. 损坏；损失(教材P48)归纳拓展(1)damage ones health 损害某人的健康(2)cause/do damage to . 对造成损害Several vehicles were_damaged in the crash.好几辆汽车在撞车事故中损坏了。This could cause_serious_damage_to the countrys econom
3、y.这可能对国家的经济造成严重破坏。As we all know, smoking can damage_our_health. Wed better give it up.众所周知，吸烟会损害健康，我们最好戒烟。3affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动(教材P49)归纳拓展(1)be greatly/deeply affected by 被深深打动；被深深影响be affected with high fever 发高烧affect sb. to tears 把某人感动得流泪(2)effect n. 作用；影响have an effect/influence on 对产生影响Wi
4、th the governments aid, those people affected_by the earthquake have moved into the new settlements.在政府的援助下，那些受地震灾害影响的人们已经搬进了新居。They were_deeply_affected_by the news of her death.她死亡的消息使他们唏嘘不已。She was_affected_to_tears_by his sad story.她被他悲伤的故事感动得流泪。Does television have_an_effect_on childrens behavi
5、our?电视对孩子的行为有影响吗？4shelter n. 避难所；居所；庇护vt. 保护；掩蔽vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)(教材P49)归纳拓展(1)take shelter from . 躲避(2)shelter sb./sth. from 保护(免受)People took_shelter_from the rain in the department store.人们在百货商场避雨。These plants must_be_sheltered_from direct sunlight.这些植物必须保护起来，以免阳光直射。The wall sheltered_us_from the stro
6、ng wind.墙给我们挡住了暴风。5 ruin n.& vt.破坏;损坏（教材P50）（1）be/lie in ruins倒塌，破败不堪fall/come into ruin 成为废墟;毁灭(2)ruin ones future/health毁掉某人的前程/健康ruin oneself自我毁灭The ancient temple has been_in_ruins and needs repairing.这座古老的庙宇已经破败不堪，需要修理。Drunkdriving not only ruined_himself but also killed several passersby.醉驾不仅毁
7、掉了他自己还导致几位路人死亡。Going to bed too late ruins_your_health,_so you should quit this habit.太晚睡觉损害健康，因此你应该戒除这个习惯。6shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt. (使)震惊(教材P50)归纳拓展(1)in shock 震惊；吃惊；休克be a shock to . 使吃惊(2)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的be shocked at/by 对吃惊be shocked to do sth. 因某事而吃惊(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的(常用来形容物)He was foun
8、d beaten and in_shock.发现他被打得休克了。Her falling in love with the poor young man was_a_shock_to_us.她爱上了这个贫穷的年轻人，这令我们大为震惊。The news of his sudden death is so shocking that everyone is very much shocked_at it. 他突然死亡的消息如此令人震惊，以至于每个人听到时都感到很震惊。I was_shocked_to_hear_that our factory would have to close.听说我们工厂要关
9、闭，我非常震惊。 7trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套n. 险境；陷阱(教材P50)归纳拓展(1)be trapped in . 困在中，陷入trap sb. into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事 (2)lay/set a trap for . 为设下圈套fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套They were_trapped_in the burning building.他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。The liar trapped_me_into_believing his story.这个骗子诱骗我相信他的故事。She had set_a_trap_for h
10、im and he had walked straight into it.她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。You fell_right_into_my_trap.你恰恰中了我的计。8bury vt. 埋葬；安葬(教材P50)归纳拓展bury sth. in 把埋到里bury ones face in hands 双手掩面bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于He was_buried_in Highgate Cemetery.他被安葬在海格特墓地。She buried her face in the pillow. 她把脸埋进枕头里。The scientist knew n
11、othing about the matter, because he was always burying_himself_in his study.那位科学家对此事一无所知，因为他一直专心于做他的研究工作。9suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(教材P51)归纳拓展(1)suffer pain/a defeat/loss/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败/损失/艰难/破坏suffer from 受折磨；患病(2)suffering n. 痛苦；苦恼；疼痛(3)sufferer n. 受难者；患病者It was as a result of the
12、 accident that the company suffered_a_great_loss.正是由于那次事故该公司遭受了重大损失。She has_been_suffering_from the loss of memory since she had that car accident.自从那次车祸以来，她便患了失忆症。The old man has_suffered enough. He suffered_from cold and hunger when he was young. Recently his sons death brought him more sufferings
13、.这个老人受的苦够多了。他年轻时曾遭受寒冷和饥饿之苦。最近，他儿子的死又给他带来了更多的痛苦。10 survive vi.生存;存活 t.幸存;艰难度过（教材 P52）（1）survive t.比活得长（2）survive from经过之后还存在survive on依靠存下来（3）survivor n.幸存者survival n.【U】幸存 【C】残存物As far as I know, the old woman survived her husband by ten years.据我所知，这位老太太比她丈夫多活了十年。These players have to survive_on the
14、ir abilities. 这些运动员得靠能力才能不被淘汰。This tradition survived_from earlier times.这个传统是从早年留存下来的。Officials said there were no survivors of the plane crash.官方说这次飞机失事无一人生还。11 calm adj.镇静的;沉着的 vt.使平静，使镇静（教材 P53）（1）calm（sb.）down（使某人）平静下来;镇静下来（2）stay/keep/be calm保持镇静（3）calmness n.镇静;沉着I placed the chick in the nes
15、t, and it quickly calmed_down.我把小鸟放到窝里，它很快平静了下来。Try to keep_calm and just tell me what happened.镇静点，告诉我出了什么事。We admired his calmness under pressure.我们佩服他在压力下的镇静。12 aid n.援助;帮助;救援物资 vt.& vi.帮助;援助（教材 P53）（1）with the aid of 在的帮助下in aid of 用以援助come to ones aid帮助某人Whats. in aid of?究竟是为什么（发生）;是做什么用的?（2）ai
16、d sb.in（doing）sth.帮助某人做某事aid sb.with sth.以某事/某物帮助某人He was breathing only with_the_aid_of a ventilator.他只有靠呼吸器呼吸。She believes the story might have had a different ending if those good people had not come_to_her_aid.如果那些好心人不来帮助她，她相信这个故事会有不同的结局。 Whats this little handle in_aid_of?这个小把手有什么用？13 sweep vt.
17、& vi.（swept， swept）打扫;清扫（教材 P54）sweep away消灭，彻底消除，完全打消sweep up打扫;清扫;一下抱起某人sweep aside 漠视，不理会，把放在一边sweep out 打扫干净sweep over 突然袭来make a clean sweep of（在比赛、选举等中）大获全胜;（公司或机构的）大换班，大改变The town was_swept_away in the earthquake. 城镇在那次地震中被毁灭了。He swept_the_leaves_up into a pile.他把树叶扫成一堆。He swept_aside the pap
18、ers on his desk to make room for the large book.他把桌上文件推开以便空出地方放那本大书。I want to make_a_clean_sweep_of everything Ive learnt and start afresh. 我要和以前学的那些东西一刀两断，一切从头开始。14strike vi.& vt. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打n. 罢工；罢课；袭击(教材P54)归纳拓展(1)be struck by/with 被击中；(引申义)被打动，迷恋It strikes sb. thatIt occur
19、s to sb. that 某人突然想到strike . into ones heart 使刻骨铭心strike sb. as (being) sth. 给某人(以)印象；让某人觉得 (2)be/go on strike 罢工The child ran into the road and was_struck_by a car.孩子跑到公路上被车撞了。He was_struck_by her youth and enthusiasm.她年轻热情，把他迷住了。It_suddenly_struck_me how we could improve the situation.我一下子明白我们如何能改
20、善局面了。Half of the workforce are now (out) on_strike.现在有半数员工罢工。15deliver vt.& vi. 递送；传达vt. 发表(教材P54)归纳拓展(1)deliver sth. to sb./sth. 把递送给deliver a speech 发表演说deliver a baby 接生婴儿(2)delivery n. 投递；送货；分娩Once his message was_delivered,_he allowed me to stay and watch.一旦他的信息被传递出去，他就允许我留下来观察。They delivered_f
21、ood_to an isolated village.他们把食物送到一座偏僻的村庄。The president will deliver_a_speech about schools.总统将就学校问题发表讲话。Her husband had to deliver_the_baby. 她丈夫不得不接生孩子。16 effect n.影响;结果;效果（教材P55）（1）have an effect on/upon sth.对有效;对影响come/go into effect 生效take effect生效;奏效bring/put. into effect 实施in effect 实际上（2）effe
22、ctive adj.有效的;有影响的（3）affect ot.影响Her criticisms had_the_effect_of_discouraging him completely.她批评的结果是使他完全丧失了信心。The recommendations will soon be_put_into_effect.这些建议即将付诸实施。The aspirins soon take_effect.阿司匹林药片见效很快。In_effect,_well be earning less than we were last year.实际上，我们的收入会比去年少。【重点短语】1 on hand 现有
23、（尤指帮助）（教材P53）on the one hand., on the other hand.方面 另一方面in hand在手中hand in hand携手;手拉手，密切合作Luckily, the volunteers had several ships on_hand,_which could take the people to the safety.幸运的是，志愿者手上还有几艘船，可以把人们转移到安全的地方。In a word, we should on_the_one_hand study hard, and on_the_other_hand,_pay attention to
24、 our health. 总之，一方面我们要努力学习，另一方面要注意我们的健康。She always had a great deal of work in_hand,_but no one ever heard her complain.她手头总有许多工作要做，但从没有人听到她发过怨言。In the days to come he will walk hand_in_hand with us. 在未来的日子里，他会跟我们手拉手一起走。【重点语句】1Mice ran out of the fields looking_for places to hide.老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方躲藏。(教材P
25、50)剖析本句是简单句，其中looking for places to hide作ran的伴随状语，状语中looking for表示的动作与句子的谓语ran表示的动作同时发生。归纳拓展现在分词作伴随状语现在分词表示主动，所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时或者几乎同时发生。现在分词作状语，是对谓语动词所表示的动作或状态的补充说明。现在分词作伴随状语的具体用法如下：(1)现在分词作伴随状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，且与句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。(2)现在分词所表示的动作是伴随着句子谓语动词表示的动作而发生或存在的，是主语的另一个较次要的动作。(3)现在分词作伴随状语时一般置于句末
26、。(4)现在分词作伴随状语时没有相应的状语从句可以与之相互转换，但可以转换为相应的并列句。He sat at the table readingChinaDaily.他坐在桌子旁看中国日报。He lay on the grass, staring_at the sky for a long time.He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time.他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 She came into the room, carrying a lot of books. She came into the room,
27、and carried a lot of books.她捧着许多书走进了房间。2It seemed as_if the world were coming to an end!仿佛世界末日即将来临！(教材P50)剖析as if意为“仿佛，好像”，其意义和用法与as though相同。归纳拓展(1)as if从句用陈述语气从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。(2)as if从句用虚拟语气。(3)as if引导的从句有时可用省略形式，as if后面可接副词、不定式、名词、分词或介词短语等。There is a lot of cloud. It seems as_if its going to
28、rain.有这么多乌云，看起来好像要下雨了。(陈述语气)She looks as_if she were ten years younger.她看起来好像年轻了10岁。(虚拟语气)He acted as_if (he were) a fool.他做起事来像个傻瓜。The boy looked as_if (he was) in search of something.那个男孩看起来好像在寻找什么东西似的。The man stops from time to time as_if (he is) to find whether he is being followed.这个人时不时停下来，好像在
29、看是否有人在跟踪他。3Thousands of children were left without parents.成千上万的孩子成了孤儿。(教材P50)剖析thousands of children were left without parents是left thousands of children without parents的被动形式。without parents是介宾短语，作主语补足语，表示主语所处的状态。归纳拓展“leave宾语宾补”结构在该结构中leave表示“让处于(某种状态、某地等)”，其后通常接复合宾语，其中宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语等
30、充当。其常见结构归纳如下：(1)leave宾语形容词/副词/介词短语。(2)leave宾语现在分词，表示使某人或某物一直处于某种状态。其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。(3)leave宾语过去分词，表示宾语所处的状态或动作已经完成。其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系。(4)leave宾语名词。Dont leave_the_door_open.别让门开着。Dont leave_the_computer_on when you go out.你出去时别让计算机一直开着。He hurried home, leaving_his_keys_in_the_office.他匆
31、忙赶回家，把钥匙忘在了办公室。Dont leave_me_waiting outside too long.别让我在外面等太久。The bad weather left_the_project_halffinished.糟糕的天气使工程只完成了一半。4About 75_percent of the citys factories and buildings . 这座城市大约75%的工厂和建筑(教材P50)归纳拓展(1)分数的表达法：分子在前，分母在后；分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。(2)百分数的表达法：百分数是由基数词和百分号或percent构成的。(3)“分数/百
32、分数of名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词的单复数决定，即当名词为可数名词复数形式时，谓语动词用复数形式；当名词为可数名词单数形式或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。About one_third of the books are worth reading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。Only 60_percent of the work was done yesterday.昨天只干了60%的活儿。About 20_percent of the students are absent today.今天大约有20%的学生缺席。【单元语法-定语从句】1在主从复合句中，对某一名词
33、或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。2关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。1who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。Here comes the girl who wants to see you.想见你的那个女孩过来了。(作主语)Danny is a man who we should learn from.丹尼是我们应该学习的一个人。(作宾语)2whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。The girl
34、(whom) the teacher often praises is Rose.老师经常表扬的那个女孩是罗丝。(作宾语)3whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表“所属”关系， whose在定语从句中作定语。Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.任何家境贫寒，上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(作定语)He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。(作定语)4which指事物，在定语从句中作主语
35、、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。(作主语)The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesnt work.他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语)5that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who，whom，指物多用 which。This is the novel that interests me.这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)The magazine (that) I bought ye
36、sterday is lost.我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)1先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。2先行词是不定代词，如all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing，none等时。Have you taken down everythin
37、g that Mr Li said?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做了。3先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。Ive read all the books that are not mine.我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。4当先行词既指人，又指物时。We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。5当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing?你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用？