1、Unit 4 History and traditionsPeriod ThreeDiscovering Useful StructuresPast participles(1) as the attribute and the object complement感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题1Most people just use the shortened name：“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”2They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same curren
2、cy and military defence.3They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.4The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.5Judy and I had our car parked in a
3、n underground car park near Trafalgar Square，where we could get our car battery charged.6When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides，we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.1句1和2中加黑词汇在句中作定语。句1中为前置定语，句2中为后置定语。2句3、4、5和6中加黑词汇在句中作宾语补足语。3过去分词作宾语补足语时与宾语构成被动关系。一、过去分词
4、作宾语补足语1过去分词用在表状态的动词keep，leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。He got up late and hurried to his office，leaving the breakfast untouched.他起床晚了，没吃早饭就匆忙去上班了。2过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。(1)“have/get宾语过去分词”可以表示两种含义：“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.在飞机起飞前一个小时克莱儿对行李进行了安检。Whil
5、e they were on holiday，they had their car broken into.他们在度假时，汽车被撬开了。(2)在“make宾语过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.他们用很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。3感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided
6、to spend the holiday at home.当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed.第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。4表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like，want，wish，expect，order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。5过去分词用在“wit
7、h宾语宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备盛放待煮的饭菜。John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也做完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。6非谓语动词(短语)作宾语补足语的区别(1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，
8、observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以hear为例)：hear宾语I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动、正在进行)I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成)To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear E
9、nglish spoken as much as possible.为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(被动、无时间性)(2)使役动词make，have，get，keep后加复合宾语的比较make宾语The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.这令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。I made myself known to them first and then we talked about our hobbies.我先向他们作了自我介绍，然后我们谈论了自己的爱好。have
10、宾语Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。He had us laughing all through the meal.整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。get宾语He got me to post the letter for him.他让我替他寄信。The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front afte
11、r a short rest.休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。Ill get my cellphone repaired tomorrow.我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。keep宾语Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long.对不起，让你久等了。She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was.她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。(3)with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较withWeChat is like a public network，with people sharing information p
12、ublicly；whatever they say or publish can be seen by everybody.微信像是一个公开网络，人们公开分享信息，不管他们说什么、发布什么，大家都可以看到。With a great weight taken off her mind，she passed all the tests successfully.由于放下了极大的思想包袱，她成功地通过了所有考试。With a lot of work to do，she wasnt allowed to leave her office.由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。二、过去分词作定语1过
13、去分词作定语时的位置(1)前置定语一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera.被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。The cured animals will be released soon.痊愈的动物会很快被释放。名师点津有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。There are few tigers left.It is time for the departments co
14、ncerned to take measures to protect them from dying out.剩余的老虎不多了，是相关当局采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。Is there anything unsolved?还有什么没解决的吗？(2)后置定语过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。Last Tuesday in a mountainous area，there were a tota
15、l of 173 sheep killed almost immediately(which were killed almost immediately) when lightning struck.上周二在一个山区，当雷击发生时有173只羊即刻被雷电击死。2过去分词作定语时的意义(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof.(表示被动)卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气，煤气装在车顶上的大袋中。The p
16、lan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.(表示被动和完成) 会上提出的计划将很快被执行。(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。Our retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week.上周我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀。3过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别意义形式语态 时态过去分词被动完成现在
17、分词主动进行As we all know，China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。The visitor came from a developed country.这位游客来自一个发达国家。4过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别意义形式语态时态done被动完成being done被动进行to be done被动尚未发生The building built last year is our classroom building.去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。T
18、he building being built now is our classroom building.现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。The building to be built next month is our classroom building.下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。.单句语法填空1Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed(design) to help them succeed academically and personally.(2019天津)2He wa
19、lked into the room quietly in order not to make himself noticed(notice)3Chinas image is improving steadily，with more countries recognizing its role in international affairs.(2019江苏)4One study in America found that students grades improved(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.(2019浙
20、江)5The villagers saw the fire burning brightly in the distance.When they hurried there，they found some houses burned/burnt to the ground already.(burn)6On the bank of the river，we found him lying(lie) on a bench，with his eyes fixed(fix) on a kite in the sky.7Data collected(collect) from the device c
21、ould be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed，with very low error rates.(2019全国)8There are still many problems tobesolved(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.9Earth Day，marked(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about env
22、ironmental protection.(2019北京)10Even though it is still in summer，there are many fallen(fall) leaves on the ground.完成句子11The players selectedfromthewholecountry are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.人们期待这些选拔于全国的运动员在夏季比赛中能给我们带来荣耀。12As for the phenomenon mentionedabove，some people support
23、 it while others do not.关于上文提到的现象，有些人支持，而有些人反对。13Nowadays，more and more people like to hunt for what they want at and havethemdelivered by the express company.现在，越来越多的人喜欢在淘宝网上“淘”东西，然后让快递公司邮寄。14If you want to makeyourselfrespected，you are above all to respect yourself.如果你想让自己被尊重，你必须首先尊重自己。15When he w
24、oke up，he foundhimselfsurroundedbyagroupofchildren.当他醒来时，他发觉一群孩子围着他。基础巩固.单句语法填空1The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed(develop) after great effort.2Before the show，hundreds of excited(excite) visitors waited in their seats eagerly.3In the job interviews，some applicants often fi
25、nd themselves asked(ask) unexpected questions，some very difficult to answer.4Do you think you could get this package mailed(mail) for me，please?No problem!5With the work finished(finish)，they went to the seaside for a holiday.6The police promised that they would keep the relatives of the victim info
26、rmed(inform) of everything about the investigation.7The girl answered the question in such a low voice that she couldnt make herself heard(hear) by others.8We found ourselves shocked(shock) by the large number of visitors.单句写作9我对金庸写的小说很感兴趣。IamveryinterestedinnovelswrittenbyJinYong.10在回家的路上她发现项链不见了。S
27、hefoundhernecklacegoneonherwayhome.11当他醒来时，他发现自己被一群孩子围着。(find)Whenhewokeup，hefoundhimselfsurroundedbyagroupofchildren.12那是些历史遗留问题。Theseareproblemsleftoverbyhistory.13解决这一问题的关键就是满足顾客提出的要求。Theykeytosolvingtheproblemistomeetthedemandsmadebythecustomers.能力提升.阅读理解A(2019黑龙江鹤岗一中高一下期末)Living in a foreign cu
28、lture can be exciting，but it can also be confusing(令人迷惑的)A group of Americans who taught English in other countries recently discussed their experiences.They found that miscommunication was always possible，even over something as simple as “yes” and “no”On her first day in Micronesia，an island in the
29、 Pacific，Lisa thought people werent paying any attention to her.The day was hot.She went into a store and asked，“Do you have cold drinks？” The woman there didnt say anything.Lisa repeated the question.Still the woman said nothing.She later learned that the woman had answered her.She had raised her e
30、yebrows(眉毛)，which in Micronesia means “yes”Jan remembered an experience she had in Bulgaria，a country in Europe.She went to a restaurant that was famous for its cabbage.She asked the waiter，“Do you have cabbage today？” He nodded his head.Jan waited，but the cabbage never came.In that country，a nod me
31、ans “no”Tom had a similar problem when he arrived in India.After explaining something in class，he asked his students if they understood.They answered with many different nods and shakes of the head.He thought some people had not understood，so he explained again.When he asked again，they did the same
32、thing.He soon found out that his students did understand.In India，people nod and shake their heads in different ways depending on where they come from.You have to know where a person is from to understand whether they mean “yes” or “no”语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同文化下的人们表达“是”或“不是”的方式也不同。14The Americans teachi
33、ng English in other countries found that they .Ahad problems with communicationBneeded to learn foreign languagesCshould often discuss their experiencesDshould go abroad for vacations答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They found that miscommunication was always possible，even over something as simple as yes and no”可
34、知，在外国教英语的美国人发现像“是”和“不是”这样简单的沟通失误时有发生，也就是他们发现沟通有问题，故选A项。15People in Micronesia show “yes” by .Anodding headsBraising eyebrowsCshaking headsDsaying “no”答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She had raised her eyebrows(眉毛)，which in Micronesia means yes”可知，密克罗尼西亚人用抬眉毛表示“是”，故B项正确。16Tom misunderstood his class at first beca
35、use .Ahe didnt know where the students came fromBhe didnt explain everything clearly enoughCsome students didnt understand his questionsDhe did not know much about Indian culture答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In India，people nod and shake their heads in different ways depending on where they come from.You have
36、to know where a person is from to understand whether they mean yes or no”可知，Tom最初误解了学生们的意思是因为他不了解印度的文化，故D项正确。17Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage?AIn Bulgaria，nodding heads means “no”BJan taught English on a Pacific island.CLisa was trying to buy some cabbage.DIn India，only sha
37、king heads means “yes”答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In that country，a nod means no”可知，在保加利亚，点头意味着“不是”，故A项正确。BA snowboarder was feeling lucky to be alive yesterday after a helicopter rescue(直升机营救)Ben Akintola,30，was snowboarding in the French Alps under a clear blue sky in the afternoon when a large amount of s
38、now fell down the side of the mountain.He didnt have time to escape (逃脱) and it hit him with full force and knocked him senseless.He woke in the middle of the night in total darkness.He was lying on an icy rock.Amazingly，he still had a mobile phone signal(信号)，so he called a friend a thousand kilomet
39、ers away in Britain.His friend called the French rescue services.“I was waiting for what seemed like hours on that rock.I was beginning to give up hope when I heard the sound of a helicopter.It was circling around in the darkness，looking for me.I was trying my best to wave my mobile around.Fortunate
40、ly the helicopter pilot saw the light.”“I was overjoyed when the helicopter headed my way.It stayed above me and began lowering a rope.”Ben was in hospital last night but he was not being treated for any serious injuries.Hes looking forward to going home today.The French rescue services said：“We wer
41、e very pleased that we were able to save Ben.The risk of snowslide off-piste(非滑雪场地的) is much higher at this time of year.All snowboarders and skiers should stay on the ski runs and not go off-piste.Ben was very lucky.”语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一名滑雪者在阿尔卑斯山遭遇雪崩后被营救的故事。18What happened to Ben?AHe got lost in
42、 the French Alps.BHe had a snowboarding accident.CHe was separated from his friends.DHe was knocked down by falling rocks.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He didnt have time to escape(逃脱) and it hit him with full force and knocked him senseless.”以及文章接下来描述的内容可知，Ben在阿尔卑斯山的法国区域出了事故。19The French rescue services learn
43、ed about Bens difficulty .Afrom his friendBin the early afternoonCafter receiving his callDwhen seeing his mobile答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段末句“His friend called the French rescue services.”可知答案。20How did Ben feel about the wait?AIt made him strong in the darkness.BIt caused him to hope for the best.CIt was sho
44、rter than he expected.DIt was a little discouraging.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I was waiting for what seemed like hours on that rock.I was beginning to give up hope.”可知，Ben 在漫长的等待过程中开始有点灰心和失望。21Whats the best title for the text?AA Lucky EscapeBA Rocky MountainCRisks of SnowboardingDFrench Rescue Services答案A
45、解析标题归纳题。文章首段“A snowboarder was feeling lucky to be alive yesterday after a helicopter rescue (直升机营救)”为全文的中心思想，下文围绕此话题展开叙述。由此可知，A项作标题合适。.七选五Rugby(英式橄榄球) looks like a mixture of soccer and American football.In rugby，players carry the ball，kick the ball and tackle(拦截) one another.Men，women and children
46、 play it in more than 120 countries.22 One of the schools students，a young man named Willian Webb Ellis，was playing in a soccer match.But he got bored with just kicking the ball，so he picked it up and ran with it.23 When the schools students finished their studies，they moved to other parts of Britai
47、n，taking the new game，which they called rugby，with them.Before long，they and others set up rugby clubs throughout Britain and in other countries.By the 1870s，there were many rugby clubs in Britain and elsewhere，but they werent all playing rugby the same way.24 They also founded an association of rug
48、by teams，called the Rugby Football Union(RFU)Today，Rugby Union World Cup tournaments are held every four years.25 The 2019 Rugby World Cup will be hosted by Japan.Thousands of fans will travel to attend the matches and cheer on their favorite teams.Believe it or not，not one team whos won the Rugby W
49、orld Cup has managed to win the next World Cup！But players and fans dont mind.26AThey just enjoy the game.BA rugby team has two kinds of players.CThe crowd cheers and shouts as two 15-man teams take the field.DRugby was invented in 1823 at a school in the town of Rugby，England.EThe first one took pl
50、ace in 1987 with Australia and New Zealand hosting.FBefore long，this new way of playing soccer became popular at the school.GTo solve this problem，players from twenty-two teams met and agreed on official rugby rules.22答案D解析本段主要介绍了一位名叫威廉的年轻人修改足球的比赛规则，发明了橄榄球这项运动。D项“橄榄球发明于1823年英格兰拉格比镇的一个学校里”，讲述这项运动的起源，符合语境。23答案F解析空格后讲到学校的学生们毕业后将橄榄球带到了英国各地，由此可知，威廉这种玩足球的新方法在学校流行了起来，故选F。24答案G解析空格前讲到当时橄榄球运动并没有统一的规则，G项中的“this problem”指代上文提到的“they werent all playing rugby the same way”这一问题。25答案E解析本段介绍了橄榄球世界杯的历史。E项“第一届橄榄球世界杯于1987年在澳大利亚和新西兰举办”符合语境。26答案A解析上文提到球员和球迷并不在意冠军队是否能在下一届世界杯卫冕，A项“他们只是享受比赛”紧承上文。