1、北京市海淀区2022届高三英语下学期期中（一模 ）试题本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选岀最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。I was about to sleep when someone knocked on my window. Knock, knock. Then a three-second pause. Knock, knock. Immedi
2、ately I knew it was my best friend, Ben. The knock 1 was our emergency call which never means anything good.Whats going on? I rushed to open the window and asked.Ben climbed in. Bad news. He gave me a 2 look, and I immediately knew what it was. My heart 3 .1 gave him a nod, and he sighed in response
3、.“Where to?” I asked.“Virginia.”“Thats far from Florida.”We looked at each other knowing we were thinking the same. Both Ben and I had parents in the airforce. We were used to frequent moves.Ben and I became close friends since I crashed into Bens stand and sent plastic cups of lemonade flying into
4、the heavens. At first, I 4 Florida. Everything changed, though, when I 5 rollerskated into Bens lemonade stand.It must have been fate! we claimed. But I think that, maybe, there was some 6 in that lemonade, and that as it rained down on us, it cast a spell making us friends forever.Maybe your family
5、 will get moved to Virginia too. Ben said.Yeah, maybe.”I knew the chance was low, but I chose to hope.Ben grinned at me. Though it looked sad, I saw 7 in him too.“Ill have a lemonade stand 8 for you.”Then Ill pack my roller-skates.”Then Ill wear a poncho （雨披).”We 9 . The humid Florida night closed a
6、round us, and I felt a tiny drop of liquid splash on my arm. I knew it was probably rain, but still, I thought that, maybe, it was a drop of magic lemonade, because nothing on earth can break the 10 between us.1. A. soundB. patternC. numberD. symbol2. A. playfulB. gratefulC. cheerfulD. meaningful3.
7、A. failedB. softenedC. sankD. relieved4. A. hatedB. missedC. exploredD. appreciated5. A. graduallyB. narrowlyC. constantlyD. accidentally6. A. signB. magicC. flavourD. wish7. A. hopeB. joyC. courageD. support8. A. necessaryB. convenientC. readyD. useful9. A. struggledB. arguedC. laughedD. compromise
8、d10. A. ruleB. bondC. barrierD. balance 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AXu Mengtao, the flag-bearer for the Chinese delegation at the closing ceremony of 2022 Winter Olympics, has got multiple world championships. But her road 11 glo
9、ry was not smooth, since it was accompanied by many injuries. It was her passion for sports, her persistence and determination that helped her continue and she finally 12 (win) the gold medal at her fourth Olympics. Her success goes beyond sports as it motivates both athletes and ordinary people in
10、13 (they) pursuit of dreams.BBased on AR and VR, the metaverse aims to bring people closer together in an online setting, enabling them to be connected in ways they couldnt be before. Imagine 14 (attend) a meeting from the comfort of your couch, where you dont dress up, but your avatar does. Youre s
11、eated at a virtual table with other people 15 reactions and body language can be judged just as well as they would be in real life. A metaverse could very likely bring these 16 (imagine) to reality, and soon.CEveryone has a sense of humor, but its pretty evident that not everybody has a good sense o
12、f it. Psychologists axe divided on 17 humor is inborn or learnable. However, there is one thing that 18 (accept) universally so farthe sense of humor is uniquely human. It is associated with laughter and laughter is associated with happiness and courage. These are qualities 19 (share) with other for
13、ms of life. But if happiness is one of the goals 20 (chase) in life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑。AOld and unrestored theatres are all around us and yet so unnoticed. A new photobook unveils th
14、eir often overlooked beauty.Proctors Theatre, Newark, New JerseyAlthough available outdoors from street sellers, food was banned in theatres to display respectability. In the late 1920s, however, the operators in Proctors Theatre in Newark began to set up stands to improve the economic situation dur
15、ing the Great Depression. Popcorn and Coke would become a significant part of the theatre s income.Proctors Theatre, Troy, New YorkOriginally opened as Proctors Fourth Street Theatre in 1914, it hosted famous comedians such as Jack Benny and Bob Hope. From 1929, it was successively taken over, renam
16、ed as Proctors Troy Theatre and switched to screening films. In the 1960s, it began playing second-run films before closing in 1977. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1979. In 2010, the theatre was repaired but is currently not being used today.RKO Keiths Flushing T
17、heatre, New YorkOriginally opened in 1928, RKO Keiths Flushing Theatre was designed by Thomas Lamb. In 1982, it was listed on the NRHP. In 1986, the theatre was bought and closed by its new owner who planned to build a shopping centre on the site, intentionally damaging the hall. In 2019, despite th
18、e preservation efforts, the hall was knocked down to make way for a residential tower block.Metropolitan Opera House, PhiladelphiaThe theatre was originally opened as the Philadelphia Opera House in 1908. In the 1920s, it was renamed as the Metropolitan Opera House, showing silent films in addition
19、to hosting various opera companies. In the 1940s, it became a sports arena. In 1954, it was turned into a church. In the late 1990s, the building was purchased by Mark Hatcher. The church and the developer came to an agreement on a repair for a music venue that was completed and reopened in 2018.21.
20、 In the late 1920s, Proctors Theatre in Newark set up stands to -A. show respect for the guestsB. increase the theatres incomeC. promote newly released moviesD. compete with the street sellers22. What can we know from the passage?A. RKO Keiths Flushing Theatre is well preserved.B. Proctor s Theatre
21、in Troy plays second-run films now.C. Metropolitan Opera House has witnessed changes in its function.D. Proctors Theatre in Newark has been officially listed on the NRHP.23. What is the purpose of this passage?A. To rank the old and unrestored theatres.B. To show the development of American theatres
22、.C. To encourage people to protect the old theatres.D. To provide information on overlooked old theatres.BTo the untrained eye, a pingpong ball is just a pingpong ball. To a Beverly Cleary fan, its two motorcycle helmets for mice.Ever since I read Clearys series about Ralph, the motorcycleriding mou
23、se, Ive never looked at a pingpong ballor the worldthe same way. Amazing to think that its been more than forty years since I checked out The Mouse and the Motorcycle from my school library in Northport, and yet that one particular image is as clear to me as ever.And why shouldnt it be? Its perfect.
24、How I wanted a mouse of my own to ride a toy motorcycle around my house! Thanks to Clearys genius, a talking mouse friend seemed not only possible but probable.While much of childrens literature attempted to explain the world from the point of view of a wise and gentle adult, Cleary created characte
25、rs who saw the world as only children can. With great interest, I read every book that bore Beverly Clearys name. She seemed like a friend who understood me in ways I didnt yet understand myself.Ive written eight childrens books and have always kept Beverlys sense of wonder in mind. I dont remember
26、at exactly what age I decided I wanted to write books, but I know that by second or third grade, my teacher assigned a project that allowed us to focus on whatever we wanted. My best friend picked dolphins; I chose childrens authors, with a large chunk of my project being about who else? Beverly Cle
27、ary!I told that story recently to a school group. One of the students said, Thats fantastic! You did your project on childrens authors and then you became one!”“Yes,” I said. And my best friend who did her project on dolphinsbecame a dolphin!，,Really?” the students said in chorus.And that perfectly
28、sums up why I love writing for children: the belief that fantastic, magical things can happen. Best friends can become dolphins; mice can ride toy motorcycles and become our friends.Thats what Beverly Cleaiy taught me. In the hands of a gifted storyteller, anything is possible. and so very funny.24.
29、 The Mouse and the Motorcycle impressed the author mainly because .A. it recorded animals lifeB. it revealed the wisdom of lifeC. it encouraged children to raise petsD. it described the world from childrens eyes25 . When learning the authors friend became a dolphin, the students felt .A. amazedB. do
30、ubtfulC. scaredD. confused26. What is the passage mainly about?A. What the author created to attract children.B. What the author did to turn impossible into possible.C. How Beverly Cleary aroused childrens interest in reading.D. How the author was inspired to be a writer by Beverly Cleary.CWhen a ch
31、unk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier （冰川）on the Swiss Alps Mount Eiger in 2017, part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect. But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanches （崩塌）critical characteristics.Low-frequency sound wayes called infrasoun
32、d that travel great distances through the atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar. Now some researchers in this field have switched focus from fire to ice: dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers. Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says
33、 Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson. This was different,Johnson says. A signature of a new material has been detected with infrasound.Usually glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal, which researchers pick up using detectors that track slight changes in air pre
34、ssure. But a collapsea sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glaciers main bodyis a prolific infrasound producer. Glacial collapses drive ice avalanches, which pose an increasing threat to people in mountainous regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice. A glacier ucan become detache
35、d from the ground due to melting, causing bigger break offs,” says University of Florence geologist Emanuele Marchetti, lead author of the new study. As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses.Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is preci
36、se but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect breakoff events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain. It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its co
37、mponents (such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) without additional measurements, says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. The model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this,” she says. Isolating the relevant signal helps the researchers monitor an ic
38、e avalanches speed, path and volume from afar using infrasound.Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more signals across at-risk regions in Europe, and they have set up collaborations around the continent to better understand signals that collapsing glaci
39、ers produce. They are also refining their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascades physical details.26. What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3?A. Infrasound has a major role to play in discovering new materials.B. Ice avalanches are a bigger threat to people than volcanic er
40、uptions.C. Researchers are trying to use infrasound in detecting ice avalanches.D. Scientists employ infrasound more in mountain areas than in other places.27. Which is an advantage of infrasound over radar?A. The combination with other relevant signals.B. The accuracy in locating a certain avalanch
41、e.C.The ability in picking up signals in wider areas.D. The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes.28. The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refers to .A. distinguishing different components of a signalB. detecting multiple avalanches at the same timeC. calculating the speed and path of ic
42、e avalanchesD. monitoring the specific location of ice breakoffs29. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. From Fire to IceB. Glacier WhispersC.Nature is Warning D. Secret of Ice AvalanchesDIn over 25 years, DeSimone has spun his research findings into commercial gold by l
43、aunching several businesses. As a faculty member at the University of North Caiolina, he provided scientific advice and held equity in the businesses. But he has never actually managed his companies. His employers bar him from simultaneously holding an academic post and an executive position. The du
44、al roles can present huge conflicts.Conflicts of interest （COIs） occur when an individuals personal interestsfamily, friendships, financial, or social factorscould compromise his or her judgment, decisions, or actions in the workplace, and it makes sound career sense to think about how to manage the
45、m. Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life.In most places, COI management runs on an honor system. Researchers decide which financial holdings and relationships to disclose to university administrators. Journals and funders adopt a similar syst
46、em when they ask authors and peer reviewers about potential conflicts related to manuscript or grant approvals.Most research institutions offer training to help faculty members to understand what constitutes a potential or existing conflict. Administrators then decide whether the interest presents a
47、 conflict, and whether that conflict can be handled. If so, they create a management plan to address it. If not, researchers must abandon the work, partner with researchers at other institutions, or leave their university.Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict, warns Walt, a chemis
48、t at Tufts University. Investigators who develop a technology in the laboratory and then transfer it to their company could create a conflict of interest in the eyes of their students, Walt says. But the potential conflict can be avoided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discoveries from a
49、utomatically being transferred to the investigators company. Walt created such an arrangement to assure his students that they werent actually working for his private companies.Relationships can pose conflicts when conference organizers are choosing speakers. Members of the American Society for Huma
50、n Genetics program committee, which selects abstracts and talks for their annual meeting, must recuse （要求回避）themselves from considering talks by, for example, researchers at their current and past institutions, close collaborators and those with whom they have personal or familial ties.Even differin
51、g points of view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist who chairs the committee, says that members who have disagreed personally with potential speakers might also be obliged to recuse themselves: If you feel like you cant be an impartial （公正的）reviewer, that is considered a COI.Handling COIs can b
52、e burdensome. COI managers emphasize that the goal is not to suppress innovation, but to expose potential conflicts so that they can be managed. Nothing about the process is meant to be prohibitive,” says Grewal, a COI officer at MIT. Her institution wants to enable good science and the betterment o
53、f humanity. “During that process,” she says, “if you make some money, thats good as well.”30. The example of DeSimone in Paragraph 1 is used mainly to . A. raise a questionB. report a findingC.introduce a topicD. present a theory31. To better deal with COIs, .A. researchers have to quit their job at
54、 the universityB. researchers should report the conflicts that possibly existC. institutions need to monitor the staffs career and relationshipsA. institutions should train researchers to create management plans32. What can we learn from the passage?A. Grewal considers COI management exhausting and
55、costly.B. Walt arranged to transfer discoveries at his lab to his companies.C. Conference organizers should avoid inviting unqualified speakers.D. Scacheri believes personal viewpoints may impact a reviewer9s decision.33. What can we infer from the passage?A. COIs can be defined depending on interpr
56、etations.B. COIs benefit scientific innovation and better humanity.C. COIs arise primarily due to the pursuit of financial gains.D. COIs can be got rid of by promoting fairness in workplaces.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项 涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。How much time do you spend doing
57、research before you make a decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice. 35 Psychologists call this way of thinking a cognitive bias （偏见），a tendency toward a specific mental mistake.To study jumping”，we examined decision-making patterns among more than 600
58、people from the general population. We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis. 36 In a quiz about US civics, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly more than other participants dideven when their answers we
59、re wrong.So what is behind jumping? Psychological researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and no
60、njumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts. 37 .It is the controlled system that helps people counter balance mental biases introduced by the automatic system. As a result, jumpers were more likely to accept the conclusions made at first blush without further questioning. A lack of contro
61、lled thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning.38 A method called metacognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are confronted with their own biases. They can
62、learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to chip away at participants overconfidence.In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our gut is a frequent and important one. 39 Sometimes the most important d
63、ecision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.A. Happily, there may be some hope for jumpers.B. Also, jumpers had problems with overconfidence.C. But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions.D. It is certainly possible for them to overthink things to take
64、a decision.E. We plan to continue the work to trace other problems introduced by jumping.F. The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers.G. Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake.第三部分
65、 书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。You might not have heard of the fresh start effect”，but if youve ever made a New Years resolution, youre familiar with it. Il refers to the human tendency to take action towards achieving a goal after a special occ
66、asion or key date has passed.The fresh start effect is simple. Most people want to improve themselves in some way. When we hit important milestones, were often likely to reflect: are we where we thought wed be l）y a certain age? Was this year a successful year, or did we waste it? Annual landmarks l
67、ike birthdays, or the start of a new year, signify a new time period and an opportunity to leave slip-ups behind and to set new goals for better behavior.Research shows that anticipation of a new beginning is a key motivator for the fresh start effect. For example, people aged 29, 39, 49 etc. were 4
68、8% more likely to run a marathon for the first time. When they were approaching a new decade, they were more likely to search for meaning in their lives and try to improve themselves. The reason is simple. When we see our past self as separate from our current self, we feel it easier to introduce ne
69、w goals and take action.Whats interesting about the fresh start effect is that we dont need to wait for big milestones to take advantage of this sudden dose of motivation. Studies show that the first day of each month and even each week can also inspire us. These days, known as temporal landmarks”,
70、encourage us to step back and evaluate our current situation. And when we do this, we gain the motivation to be better: we become more driven and more productive. That is why people are more likely to start diets or exercise plans on Monday, rather than the next day.Fresh starts are exciting opportu
71、nities to learn from your mistakes and move forward. So if youre currently experiencing loss of motivation, questioning the meaning of your work, or just feel like youre stuck in a rut, why dont you use the fresh start effect in your own life?40. According to the passage, what is fresh start effect”
72、？41. Why is it that “anticipation of a new beginning is a key motivator for the fresh start effect”？42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.A fresh start like the first day of each week is a time when w forget about our mistakes and move fo
73、rward.43. Besides the fresh start effect, in what other ways do you motivate yourself in your life? (In about 40 words）第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三（1 ）班班长李华。你班即将开展五一劳动节活动。请你给交换生Jim 写一封电子邮件邀请他参加，内容包括：1. 活动目的及安排；2. 注意事项。注意：1.词数100左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,Yours,Li Hua英语答案第一部分知识运用 (共两节30分)第一节 (共10小题:每小题1.5分
74、，共15分)1B2D3C4A5D6B7A 8C 9C 10B 第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)11.to 12.won 13.their 14.attending 15.whose 16.imaginations 17.whether 18.has been accepted 19.shared 20.to chase 第二部分阅读理解(共两节38分)第一节 (共14小题:每小题2分，共28分)A: 21. B22. C23. DB: 24. D 25. A 26. DC: 27. C28. C29. A30. B D: 31.C 32. B33. D 34.A 第二节 (共5小题:每小题2分，共10分)34. C36. B37. F38. A39. G第三部分 书面表达第一节 略第二节 略