1、2016浙江高考英语二轮说理议论阅读理解（5）解析答案说理议论（阅读理解）由 (2013天津,B)改编Last nights meteor(流星) shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.According to Gabe Rothschild,Emerald Valleys mayor,people gathered in the suburbs of the city,carrying heavy telescopes,expecting to watch the brightl
2、y burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“My family was so frustrated,”admitted town resident Duane Cosby.“We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing,but it turn
3、ed out to be a huge disappointment.”Astronomersscientists who study stars and planetshave been complaining about this problem for decades.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government to
4、take measures to fight against it.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.This population consists of birds,bats,frogs,snakes,etc.For example,outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁徙的)birds.According to the Internati
5、onal Dark-Sky Association,“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”Countless more animal casualties(伤亡)result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly,people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings,but some scientists think it can
6、be harmful for humans,too.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a persons chances of getting cancer.Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.For years,Flagstaff,Arizona,has enforced lighting regulations in its city
7、 in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide,and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them,so that other creatures can share the night.1.It happened last night that .A.the citys lights affected the meteor w
8、atchingB.the meteors flew past before being noticedC.the city light show attracted many peopleD.the meteor watching ended up a social outing2.What do the astronomers complain about?()A.Meteor showers occur less often than before.B.Their observation equipment is in poor repair.C.Light pollution has r
9、emained unsolved for years.D.Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.3.What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?()A.Birds may take other migration paths.B.Animals living habits may change suddenly.C.Varieties of animals will become sharply reduced.D.Animals survival i
10、s threatened by outdoor lighting.4.Lighting regulations in Flagstaff,Arizona are put into effect to .A.lessen the chance of getting cancerB.create an ideal observation conditionC.ensure citizens a good sleep at nightD.enable all creatures to live in harmony5.What message does the author most want to
11、 give us?()A.Saving wildlife is saving ourselves.B.Great efforts should be made to save energy.C.Human activities should be environmentally friendly.D.New equipment should be introduced for space study.语篇解读:城市灯光的亮度超过了夜空中的星光,这使得观看夜空的人们受到影响,也破坏了生态平衡,影响了其他生物。答案及剖析:1.A细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“What they found i
12、nstead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.”可知,因为城市的灯光太亮,掩盖了流星的光芒,影响了流星的观赏,故选A项。2.C细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句话及第二句可知,天文学家们在抱怨光污染影响他们的观测,而这个问题几十年来悬而未决。故选C项。3.D推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二句“This population consists of birds,bats,frogs,snakes,etc.”以及之后的例子可推断出
13、,作者关注的是光污染已经给动物的生存带来了极大的威胁。4.B细节理解题。由文章最后一段中的For years,Flagstaff,Arizona,has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.可知,他们制定该条例的目的是为天文学家创造一个理想的观测条件。5.C推理判断题。作者通过讲述光污染对观测天象的影响和对动物生存的威胁告诉我们,人类的行为要有利于环境。【长难句子分析】 然而,他们所看到的是城市的灯光照得天空如此明亮,以致影响到了人们
14、观看流星雨了。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014江西六校高三联考】Most people will answer a ringing phone.Usually you dont know who is phoning or how urgent their business is，so a ringing phone is difficult to ignore.In one experiment，a researcher wrote down the numbers of several public phones in stati
15、ons and airports.Then he called the numbers.Someone nearly always answered.When he asked why，people usually said，“Because it rang.”A few years ago in New Jersey，a man with a rifle killed 13 people.Armed police surrounded his house but he refused to come out.A reporter found out the phone number of t
16、he house and called.The man put down his rifle and answered the phone.“What do you want？” he said，“Im really busy right now.”Imagine you are at work and the phone is ringing in someone elses office.Do you answer it or not？In one survey on telephone use,51% of participants told researchers that they
17、did.We cant ignore the phone and for that reason，it forces its way into our life.It interrupts what we are doing and on top of that，the caller is often someone we dont really want to talk to.However，in the survey,58% said they never took the phone off the hook，and 67% didnt mind if someone called du
18、ring a television programme.For 44% it wasnt a problem if someone rang during a meal，while only 28% were annoyed or upset.If someone phoned in the middle of the night,40% told researchers that they got nervous or frightened，while around 30% got angry.Of course，when someone is really annoying，you can
19、 choose to hang up on him/her.This is in fact one of the rudest things you can do on the phone，but 79% said they were prepared to do it in some cases.Only 6% told researchers they never hung up on people.1In the experiment，people answered the researchers phone_.Ain order to help him gather the data
20、Bfor fear that it was urgentCto test the function of the phone Dto show their interest in the survey2The gunman answered the phone because_.Ahe decided not to give up his resistance to the policeBhe intended to be friendly with the mediaChe wanted to tell the reporter that he was too busy to offer a
21、ny informationDhe tended to answer a ringing phone3According to Paragraph 3，most people_when they were doing their work or watching television.Arefused to answer the phone in someone elses officeBcouldnt ignore the phoneCminded the ringing of the phoneDkept the phone ringing4What is implied by the s
22、entence “79% said they were prepared to do it in some cases”？AThey also agreed to hang up on others regardless of rudeness.BThey were prepared to punish those rude callers.CThey were annoying rude callers.DThey were going to hang on annoying phones.5The purpose of the survey is to find out_.Ahow the
23、 phone interrupts peoples workBwhat role the phone plays in peoples livesCwhy people mind a ringing phone sometimesDwhen the phone communication is more welcome语篇解读本文是一篇调查报道。实验发现，大多数人都会接听正在响着的电话，因为他们想知道是谁在打电话或者担心有什么紧急情况。1解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，人们接听电话是因为他们想知道是谁在打电话或者担心有什么紧急情况。答案：B2解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容并结
24、合文章大意可知，那位杀人犯之所以接听了电话，是因为他和多数人一样，不能不理会正在响着的电话。答案：D3解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段第四句“We cant ignore the phone and for that reason，it forces its way into our life.”可知，多数人在工作或看电视时，当听到电话响了会去接听。答案：B4解析：句意理解题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，当接听了电话后，如果对方令人讨厌，你当然可以挂断他或她的电话。虽然这是在打电话时很没礼貌的行为，但79%的人说如果碰到类似情况他们也会那样做。答案：A5解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文的写作
25、目的是为了调查人们为什么会去接听正在响着的电话的原因。答案：C。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014山东省实验中学二模】Genzeb Tibeb is very bright.At only 11 years old，her future is looking promising.She is ranked 2nd out of 56 students at her government school in Addis Ababa，Ethiopia where she has been selected for a special pro
26、gram because of her talent.She knows she is special and proudly shows off her certificate and book signifying her accomplishments in this special program.But her future hasnt always looked so bright.While her mother，Bekelech，sacrificed immensely for Genzeb，she would not have been able to continue se
27、nding her to school.When her husband died，Bekelech was the sole provider，for their five children.In order for them to survive，she began the daily routine of walking approximately 810 miles a day collecting sticks to sell near her 810 home in Kichone.It wouldnt have been long before Genzeb would have
28、 been forced to quit school in order to help her mom.But Bright Future changed all that.Genzeb has been at Bright Future for 3 years.Since Ethiopian schools let out early，Genzeb walks to the facility right after lunch.Because of her high ability，she even helps teach the younger children there，buildi
29、ng confidence and locking in important foundational academic skills.Theres also other meaningful opportunities Genzeb experiences which allow her eyes to be opened to the different opportunities that are available to her if she completes her studies.Field trips are one of her most favorite activitie
30、s of all.She especially loved the one to Addis Ababa University.She knows it goes beyond fun trips，though.“I am happy because I get extra help for school from Bright Future.”Genzeb shares.At so many levels，her involvement with Bright Future allows her to receive a better education，which she values.F
31、or one day she wants to help people in need by becoming a doctor.And now she knows，that with a lot of hard work，that dream might just become a reality.1What does the underlined word “sole” in the second paragraph probably mean?Aimportant Bmain Cunable Donly2According to the text，what is the major fa
32、ctor that can help Genzeb Tibeb continue her school?ABright future.BHer talent.CHer mother.DHer school.3From the text we can learn_.AGenzeb Tibeb quitted school for several yearsBGenzeb Tibeb was admitted into a famous universityCGenzeb Tibeb was involved in Bright Future activitiesDGenzeb Tibeb had
33、 to earn a living by herself4According to the text，what is Bright Future probably?AA student training center.BA scholarship organization.CA government school.DAn orphanage organization.5Which of the following things didnt Genzeb Tibeb do on Bright Future?ACollecting and selling sticks.BTeach younger
34、 kids there.CLock in academic skills.DTake part in field trips.语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道。内容主要讲述了Bright Future组织帮助一名埃塞俄比亚女孩(Genzeb)继续学业的故事。1解析：词义猜测题。根据语境可知，画线词所在句子的意思是：当Genzeb 的父亲去世后，她的母亲Bekelech成了唯一养家的人。因此sole应为“唯一”之意。答案：D2解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“.have been forced to quit school.But Bright Future changed all that.”可
35、知，是Bright Future帮助了Genzeb继续她的学业。答案：A3解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，Genzeb已经加入Bright Future三年了并且经常参与Bright Future组织的活动。答案：C4解析：推理判断题。根据第一段后两句“She is ranked 2nd out of 56 students.shows off her certificate and book.”及第二段最后两句“.have been forced to quit school in order to help her mom.But Bright Future changed all that.”可推知，Bright Future是给那些家庭困难、成绩优异的学生提供继续学业的一个组织。答案：B5解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句“.helps teach the younger children.locking in important foundational academic skills.”及该段倒数第二句“Field trips are one of.”可知，B、C、D三项均为Genzeb在Bright Future中参与的活动；A项指的是她母亲的行为。答案：A