1、能力提升题组训练(B).阅读理解A(2018东北三校一模)CAN YOU IMAGINE HOW HARD IT WOULD BE TO READ SENTENCES LIKE THIS? Every one of us gets so used to punctuation marks that not many of us give them a second thought.Actually,the ancient Greeks wrote this way.The lack of punctuation marks probably didnt bother good readers,
2、though.As they read,they just put pauses where they fit best.Also at this time,sentences switched directions.A sentence read from left to right.The next one read right to left,and then left to right again,etc.The ancient Romans sometimes punctuated like this: Theyputsomethingthatcanseparatewordsinas
3、entence.The word punctuation actually comes from this idea and the Latin word puncture,which means a dot.When the 5th century arrived,there were just two punctuation marks: spaces and points.The spaces separated words while the points showed pauses in reading.Then in the 13th century,a printer named
4、 Aldus Manutius tried to standardize punctuation.He always used a period for a complete stop at the end of a sentence.He used a slash (/) to indicate a short pause.Over time,that slash was shortened and curled,and it became the modern comma (逗号).Since that time,other marks have enlarged the punctuat
5、ion family.The exclamation mark(感叹号) comes from the Latin word io.It means “exclamation of joy”.The question mark originally started out as the Latin word questio,meaning question.Eventually,scholars put it at the end of a sentence to show a question.Punctuation even keeps changing nowadays.New mark
6、s are coming into existence,and old punctuation marks are used in new ways.Take for example the “interrobang”.This 1962 invention combines the question mark and exclamation mark for times when writers want both.For example,“She did what!?”or“How much did you pay for that dress!?”Obviously,the interr
7、obang is not widely used or recognized yet,but its invention shows that English is not yet finished with its punctuation.1.From the first paragraph,we can know that .A.good readers had trouble reading without punctuation marksB.a sentence always read from left to right in ancient GreeceC.the ancient
8、 Greeks switched the direction of punctuation marksD.the use of punctuation marks can date back to ancient times2.The passage is developed by .A.time B.spaceC.comparisonD.importance3.We can learn from the passage that .A.ancient Romans didnt use any punctuation marksB.exclamation and question marks
9、came from LatinC.spaces and slashes were already used before the 5th centuryD.Aldus Manutius first started to use commas4.What can be concluded from the last paragraph?A.The combination of two marks will not work.B.It takes time for people to accept new punctuation marks.C.Old punctuation marks need
10、 to be standardized.D.Punctuation marks are still changing today.语篇解读:本文主要介绍了英文中标点符号的起源和发展。答案及剖析:1.D推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“The ancient Romans sometimes.which means a dot.”可推知,标点符号的使用可以追溯到古代。故答案选D。2.A篇章结构题。第二、三、四段开头第一句都与时间有关,由此可推知本文是按照时间顺序来写的。故答案选A。3.B细节理解题。根据第三段第二、四句可知,感叹号和问号都起源于拉丁语。故答案选B。4.D细节理解题。根据最后一段第一
11、句“Punctuation even keeps changing nowadays.”和最后一句中的“but its invention shows that English is not yet finished with its punctuation”可知,英语中的标点符号至今还在继续变化。故答案选D。B(2018辽宁部分重点高中联考)Chilean astronomer Maritza Soto has discovered a planet three times as large as Jupiter orbiting a red giant star larger than t
12、he Sun and the planet is located some 290 million light years from the Earth.Soto,a 25-year-old Ph.D.student in sciences at the University of Chile,worked for eight months using two telescopes at the La Silla Observatory,about 370 miles north of Santiago.Last November,she discovered the planet now b
13、earing the designation HD 110,014c and her work has now been published in a journal of the London Royal Astronomical Society.The discovery of planets orbiting red giant stars is “rare”,with only five such planets located around stars of that magnitude to date,she told EFE.HD 110,014c orbits its star
14、 at a distance about six-tenths the distance from the Sun to the Earthor about the distance between Venus and the Sun.“Its like imagining a planet three times bigger than Jupiter with the orbit of Venus around the Sun,” she said,adding that the red giant star is about twice the size of the Earths Su
15、n.Another planet had already been discovered orbiting the star,and now Sotos work has added a second planet to that solar system.To find the planet,she used the so-called radial velocity(径向速度) method,which consists of measuring the slight jiggling(晃动) movement of a star as a planet orbits around it,
16、given that the planets themselves send only a very weak signal and are quite difficult to detect on their own.“The planets are very weak compared to the stars and you have to use indirect methods to detect them.I analyzed the data that had been gathered over years to confirm the first planet and I d
17、iscovered the second one orbiting the star,”she said.5.What can we know about HD 110,014c from the passage?A.Its about three times the size of Jupiter.B.It is the first planet discovered in that solar system.C.Its star is about 290 million light years from the Sun.D.It orbits its star at the distanc
18、e between the Sun and the Earth.6.Why are planets not easy to discover?A.It takes years to gather data. B.Theyre far away from the Earth.C.Their signal is too weak to catch.D.The existing technology is not mature.7.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To describe how to discover a planet.B.To tell a
19、n inspiring story of Maritza Soto.C.To inform readers of a new discovery of a planet.D.To stress the importance of discovering a planet.8.Which section of a newspaper is the passage most likely to come from?A.Geography.B.Science.C.Business.D.Environment.语篇解读:这是一篇说明文。智利的天文学家Maritza Soto发现了一颗是木星的体积三倍大
20、的行星。答案及剖析:5.A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Chilean astronomer Maritza Soto has discovered a planet three times as large as Jupiter”可知,HD 110,014c大约是Jupiter的体积的三倍大。故选A。6.C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“given that the planets themselves send only a very weak signal and are quite difficult to detect on their own”可知,行星发出的信号很弱,所以很难被发现
21、。故选C。7.C写作目的题。本文作者主要讲的是智利的天文学家Maritza Soto发现了一颗是木星的体积三倍大的行星,因此C项为最佳答案。8.B文章出处题。文章的内容是有关科学方面的发现的,所以很可能出自于报纸的科技专栏。故选B。.语法填空(2018湖北宜昌一中高三月考)Shopping in Singapore is really a pleasure for tourists.The Great Singapore Sale 1. (hold) every year,usually during the summer months.Singapores famous shopping s
22、tores welcome a great number of visitors from all over the world.2. (they) shopping hours last till midnight.During this time,nice and cheap goods are 3. sale for tourists to choose from.Tourists can also try delicious food there and experience the Singaporean night life.Certain stores offer discoun
23、ts of up to 70% or even 4. (high) if people use their credit cards.For tourists 5. hold a special Tourist Card,they can enjoy a lot of benefits,such as discounts on 6. (watch),jewelry and cosmetics.The card also 7. (give) discounts when you visit local attractions such as Singapore Zoo.It is well wo
24、rth 8. (wander) around the different shopping districts of Singapore during this 8-week Singapore Sale.Orchard Road is 9. (sure) the best place for shopping in the city.A large number of restaurants and clubs can be found in this area.Marina Bay includes both big departments and small shops,10. almo
25、st everything you would want to buy can be found here.答案及剖析:1.is held考查时态和语态。根据后文的every year可知,用一般现在时,根据句意应该用被动语态,故填is held。2.Their考查代词。句意:他们的营业时间持续到午夜。此处用形容词性物主代词their,句子开头首字母大写。3.on考查介词。此处为固定搭配:on sale促销。4.higher考查比较级。此处表示更高的,故用higher。5.who/that考查定语从句。此处为限制性定语从句,从句缺少主语,而且先行词表示人,故用who/that。6.watche
26、s考查名词复数。此处watch意为“手表”,用复数形式,故填watches。7.gives考查时态。文章通篇用一般现在时,此处也用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,故谓语用第三人称单数形式gives。8.wandering考查非谓语动词。be worth doing值得做,故填wandering。9.surely考查副词。此处为副词作状语修饰整个句子,故填surely。10.so/and考查连词。此处前后句之间是因果关系,可以填so,也可以理解为承接关系,填and。.短文改错(2018湖北宜昌一中月考)In todays society,the large number of people ho
27、ld the view that 20% of ones success lies in his IQ,while 80% in his EQ.As far as I am concern,I fully agree with this opinion.First,with a high EQ,one will get along well with his companions,which makes that possible for him to work in a harmonious atmosphere and improving the working efficiency.Fu
28、rthermore,those who has a high EQ can discipline them and bravely overcome the difficult in their life.Apart from these,if one has a high EQ,he will be likely to lead to a colorful and interesting life.In brief,it is ones EQ plays an important part in ones life.Therefore,EQ is equal important for on
29、e to be successful even if not more vital than IQ.答案:In todays society, large number of people hold the view that 20% of ones success lies in his IQ,while 80% in his EQ.As far as I am , I fully agree with this opinion.First,with a high EQ,one will get along well with his companions,which makes possi
30、ble for him to work in a harmonious atmosphere and the working efficiency.Furthermore,those who a high EQ can discipline and bravely overcome the in their life.Apart from these,if one has a high EQ,he will be likely to lead a colorful and interesting life.In brief,it is ones EQ plays an important pa
31、rt in ones life.Therefore,EQ is important for one to be successful even if not more vital than IQ.剖析:the number of为固定用法,意为“的数量”;a number of为固定搭配,意为“许多”。句意:当今社会,很多人认为20%的成功在于一个人的智商,而情商却占了80%。根据句意可知,the要改为a。句意:就我而言,我完全同意这一观点。as far as sb. be concerned为固定用法,意为“就而言,对来说”。as far as I am concerned “就我而言”。因
32、此把concern改为concerned。情商高,与同事相处融洽,使他能在和谐的氛围中工作,提高工作效率。分析句子可知,本句中真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。要用it作形式宾语,因此把that改为it。分析句子可知,动词不定式to后有两个动词,即to work.and ( to ) improve .,第二个动词不定式符号to省略了,因此要把improving改为improve,and为提示词。分析句子可知,those为先行词,在定语从句中作主语,因此who是关系代词,谓语动词要用复数,因此要把has改为have。分析句意可知,那些情商高的人能自己约束他们自己(themselves),并勇敢地克
33、服生活中的困难。故把them改为themselves。分析句子可知the 后为名词,因此difficult改为 difficulties。句意:除此之外,如果一个人情商高,他很可能会过上丰富多彩有趣的生活。lead to为固定搭配,“导致,通向”,lead a.life,为固定搭配,表示“过着的生活”。句意:简而言之,一个人的情商在一个人的生活中起着重要的作用。分析句子可知,本句中强调的是ones EQ,根据强调句型,本句应为:it is ones EQ that plays an important part in ones life.句意:因此,即使情商不比智商更重要,情商对于一个人要成功来说也是同等重要的。分析句子可知,修饰形容词important应该用副词,因此要用equally。