1、专项技能保分练(七)主旨大意题A2019广东佛山市质量测试一In 2011, Nancy Ballard went for a routine checkup that turned into something extraordinary. In fact, she was carrying a painting of a plant shed done when she arrived at her doctors San Francisco office. “It would be great if we had artwork like that for our chemotherap
2、y (化疗) rooms，” the nurse said. Ballard asked to see one.She was shocked by what she found. The walls were dull and bare, and the paint had chipped off (剥落). It was a depressing room for a depressing routine patients restricted themselves to chemo drips for perhaps several hours, often with nothing t
3、o look at other than those sad walls. Ballard didnt have cancer herself, but she could sympathize with the patients. “I couldnt imagine how anyone could even think about getting healthy in a room like that，” she says. As it happens, Ballards physician, Stephen Hufford, was ill with cancer himself, s
4、o finding time to decorate the rooms was low on his todo list. So Ballard made it her mission to brighten the place up.She started by emailing 20 local designers. “I wrote, You dont know me. But my heart hurts after seeing these rooms，” she said. She then asked whether they would donate their time a
5、nd money to transform just one of Dr. Huffords rooms each.As it happened, six of them wrote back almost immediately. Six rooms got new paint, light fixtures, artwork, and furniture. Dr. Hufford was delighted. “All the patients feel relieved of the pain because of it，” he said. He even noted that his
6、 own tone of voice was different in the rooms and that he was better able to connect with his patients.Ballard was so encouraged by the patients reactions that she created a nonprofit organization, Rooms That Rock 4 Chemo, to raise money and decorate more spaces. Since then, she has worked on 20 pro
7、jects, including one in Pennsylvania. “We were in Philadelphia for a ribbon cutting, and a woman was there on her third battle with cancer，” says Ballard. “When she saw what wed done, she said, Im gonna beat it this time. I thought I wasnt going to, but now I know Im gonna beat it.”体裁：夹叙夹议题材：人物故事主题：
8、用爱装饰化疗室【语篇解读】到医院做身体常规检查的巴拉德发现化疗室环境十分令人压抑，决心发动当地20位设计者去重新装饰这些化疗室。化疗室重新装饰之后，得到了医生和病人的赞扬，癌症病人也感觉痛苦得到了缓解。受此鼓舞，巴拉德成立了一个组织，筹集了更多的资金，到各地去做这样的善事。1What made Ballard decide to help decorate the chemotherapy rooms?AHer sympathy for cancer patients.BHer passion for room decoration.CThe good relationship with Hu
9、fford.DThe request of a nurse in San Francisco.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“. but she could sympathize with the patients. So Ballard made it her mission to brighten the place up.”可知，是同情心让巴拉德决心去装饰这些化疗室。故选A项。2What outcome does Ballards effort bring about?AMore hospitals will be built.BHufford cured more pati
10、ents.CThe cancer patients were feeling better.DHuffords chemotherapy rooms got good fame.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“All the patients feel relieved of the pain because of it”可知，所有的病人都感觉痛苦得到了缓解。故选C项。3Which words best describe Nancy Ballard?ALoving and devoted. BTalented and energetic.CRich and generous. DA
11、mbitious and creative.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。巴拉德自己并未患癌症，但她为病人们装饰化疗室，让病人们心情更放松，增强了他们战胜疾病的信心。由此可见，巴拉德是一位极具爱心且尽心尽力的人。A项意为“有爱心的，尽心尽力的”；B项意为“有天赋的，精力充沛的”；C项意为“富裕的，慷慨大方的”；D项意为“有抱负的，有创造性的”。故选A项。4Which can be a suitable title for the passage?ADesign for Hope BBattle against CancerCDonation for Patients DDecoration in
12、 Hospital答案与解析：A考查主旨大意。文章主要讲述巴拉德为身患癌症的病人装饰化疗室，从而让病人们在这些化疗室中缓解疾病痛苦。她后来还创办了一个非营利组织，筹集了更多资金，鼓励更多病人同疾病作斗争，这为他们带来了希望。故选A项。B2019石家庄一模CocaCola, which reportedly produced more than 3 million tons of plastic packaging in 2017, announced that it wants to “help fix the worlds plastic waste problem one communit
13、y (社区) at a time”The soda giant is doing so by providing $5.4 million for recycling programs in cities like Atlanta, Boston, Denver and Houston. In these cities, partners, like The Green Blue Institute and The Recycling Partnership, which receive the money, will work together to improve recycling ra
14、tes.“We focus on areas where we have the ability to make the biggest influence on communities through the funding and expert skills of CocaCola employees，” Carlos Pagoaga, CocaColas group director of community partnerships, said in a statement.“In each city, local partners will work together to iden
15、tify barriers to recycling on a local level and test a range of solutions，” he added. “We hope the learning from these model markets can offer solutions to other cities facing similar challenges.”As part of the effort, the Recycling Partnership and the city of Atlanta, where the CocaCola companys he
16、adquarters are based, will send street teams out to open recycling carts and leave citizens cards informing them what they can and cant recycle, and let them know how their efforts work.“Two of the most urgent problems with recycling in the US. today are lack of access and the pollution in recycling
17、，” Keefe Harrison, CEO of the Recycling Partnership, said in a statement. “We know from the success of Atlanta in 2017 that the citizens want to recycle, and that communicating with them in the street works.”Last year, CocaCola announced its task to collect and reuse a bottle or can for each one it
18、sells, and increase the amount of its products out of recycled materials to 50% by 2030. It also aims to make all its packaging fully recyclable by 2025.体裁：新闻报道题材：环境保护主题：可口可乐公司的塑料垃圾回收利用计划【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。可口可乐公司宣布将帮助解决世界上的塑料垃圾问题，该公司将联合其他组织一起实施塑料垃圾回收利用计划。【难句分析】CocaCola, which reportedly produced more t
19、han 3 million tons of plastic packaging in 2017, announced that it wants to “help fix the worlds plastic waste problem one community (社区) at a time”分析：该句为主从复合句。句中which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词CocaCola，which在从句中作主语；that引导宾语从句，该从句作announced的宾语。译文：据报道，可口可乐公司在2017年生产了300多万吨的塑料包装；该公司宣布要“逐社区地帮助解决世界上的塑料垃圾问题”。5What
20、does CocaCola company intend to do in the program?AProduce less packaging.BHelp deal with plastic waste.CPick up waste in communities.DBuild a plant to recycle plastic waste.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第一段“CocaCola, which reportedly produced more than 3 million tons of plastic packaging in 2017, announced that
21、it wants to help fix the worlds plastic waste problem one community (社区) at a time”可知，可口可乐公司计划帮助解决塑料垃圾问题，故B项正确。6Whats Paragraph 2 mainly about?AHow CocaCola conducts its program.BWhat organizations participate in the program.CHow CocaCola chooses cities for the program.DWhat the local people do in C
22、ocaColas program.答案与解析：A考查段落大意。通读第二段内容可知，该段主要介绍了可口可乐公司实施该计划的过程：给各大城市的回收利用项目提供资金，这些城市的合作伙伴收到资金后将一起合作来提高回收利用率，故A项正确。7What do street teams do to help?ASort out all kinds of waste in the city.BLook into the cause of pollution.CInstruct local people what to recycle.DHand cards to the locals in person.答案与
23、解析：C考查细节理解。根据第四段第一句中的“will send street teams out to open recycling carts and leave citizens cards informing them what they can and cant recycle, and let them know how their efforts work”可知，将派出街道队伍去打开回收利用车，给市民留下卡片，告诉他们什么可以回收利用，什么不能回收利用，并让他们知道他们的努力是如何起作用的。据此可知，街道队伍帮助指导当地市民要回收利用什么样的垃圾，故C项正确。8What does
24、Keefe Harrison think of the program?APromising. BDifficult.CPioneering. DCostly.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据第五段尾句“We know from the success of Atlanta in 2017 that the citizens want to recycle, and that communicating with them in the street works”可知，他认为从2017年亚特兰大的成功案例可知，公民想回收利用塑料垃圾并且在街道上与他们进行沟通是有作用的。据此可推知，他认为该项目
25、是有希望的。A项意为“有前途的，有希望的”，故A项正确。干扰项分析：B项意为“困难的”，C项意为“开拓性的”，D项意为“昂贵的”，都与文意不符。C2019昆明市复习诊断Whore happier, men or women? Research shows its a complex question and that asking whether males or females are happier isnt really that helpful, because basically, happiness is different for women and men.Womens hap
26、piness has been declining for the past 30 years, according to recent statistics. And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men. Gender (性别) differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological, psychological and social fac
27、tors contribute to the difference.Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to express different feelings. Women are more likely to express happiness, warmth and fear, which help with social bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a primary car
28、egiver, while men display more anger, pride and disrespect, which are more consistent with a protector and provider role.Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially, but also genetically related. Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that females us
29、e more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons (镜像神经元) than males when they process feelings. Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from other peoples view, to understand their actions and intentions. This may explain why women can experience deeper sadness. Women tend to experience m
30、ore negative feelings, such as more guilt, shame and to a lesser degree, embarrassment.Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they process and express feelings. With the exception of anger, women experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings more openly with others. St
31、udies have found in particular that women express more appreciation which has been linked to greater happiness. This supports the theory that womens happiness is more dependent on relationships than mens.体裁：说明文题材：个人感情主题：男性和女性在幸福感方面有差异【语篇解读】本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。【难句分析】Gender (性别) difference
32、s in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the difference.分析：这是一个由and连接的并列句。that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the difference为that引导的宾语从句。译文：抑郁症的性别差异已得到充分证实，而且研究发现，生理、心理和社会因素造成了这种差异。9Which fee
33、ling are men more likely to show compared with women?AWarmth. BDepression.CHappiness. DDisrespect.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句中的“while men display more anger, pride and disrespect”可知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，故选D。10What factors cause women to share feelings more openly?APsychological factors. BBiological factors.
34、CEducational factors. DSocial factors.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不同：与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自己内心的情感。11One can probably read the text from _.Aa science fiction Ba culture brochureCa nursery guide Da health magazine答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据文章内容可知，本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自健康杂志，故选D项。12What is the text mainly about?AMen and women differ in biology and psychology.BMen and women experience happiness differently.CSocial roles have a great effect on men and women.DWomens happiness has declined in the past years.答案与解析：B考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异，故B项最符合文意。