1、Part 单元语法 (1)“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句(2)同义词和反义词学习目标1.介词which/whom引导定语从句及与关系副词引导定语从句的转换2.同义词和反义词的概念及互相转化语法(1)定语从句“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句一、基本构成及用法合作探究画出下列句子中的“介词which/whom”结构。The ladder on_which I was standing began to slip.They tried to think of a plan by_which they could complete their task ahead of time.I met a man
2、 with_whom I used to work.Well go to see the famous singer about_whom we have talked.自主发现(1)关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句常由“介词which/whom”引导。(2)若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指物时只能用which；关系代词指人时只能用whom。二、“介词which/whom”中介词的确定合作探究I still remember the day on which I joined the army.我仍然记得我参军的那一天。(表示具体的“在哪一天”，用介词on)He is the man
3、for whom Im waiting for a long time.他是我等了很久的那个人。(wait for等待，为固定搭配)He is a famous singer of whom we are proud.他是一位我们引以为豪的著名歌唱家。(be proud of以而自豪，为固定搭配)This is the book without which I cant pass the exam.这是一本没有它我就不能通过考试的书。(根据句意判定)自主发现“介词which/whom”中介词的确定方法：(1)根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯来确定。(2)根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定介词。该动
4、词或形容词常与某些介词构成固定搭配。(3)根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子中，定语从句中谓语动词也不是固定的动词短语。这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。三、“介词关系代词”的特殊用法合作探究I live in the room, the windows of which (of which the windows/whose windows) face south.我住在一个窗户朝南的房间里。Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of whom wanted to buy it.上周只有两个人来
5、看了房子，但是没有一个想要买的。The football team has 15 members, the oldest of whom is 25 years old.这支足球队有15名队员，其中最大的25岁。自主发现有时“介词关系代词”前会出现不定代词(all, both, none, neither, many, few, the rest等)、数词(分数、百分数等)及“the最高级/比较级”等，用来表示部分、数目等意义。语法(2)同义词和反义词一、同义词1同义词是意义几乎相同的一组词语，它们词性相同。如look与see; ambition与hope, dream等。同义词虽然意义相同，
6、但由于语义、感情色彩、语体色彩、词的搭配和位置分布的不同，有些同义词是有差异的，在不同场合要注意它的运用。例如：statesman和politician在字面上都是“政治家”的意思，但是，后者往往用其贬义，表示“政客”的意思。2从语体角度来讲，不同的同义词出现在不同的语体中，带有语体色彩。3在写作上，很多时候同义词在从句和一些并列的语句中应用比较多，起解释说明的作用。She is a vocalist, singer working in the CCTV.(这里的singer是对前面的名词的解释。英语中常有一些这样的句子，我们可能不一定知道第一个名词的意思，但是紧跟其后的名词我们一定学过。)
7、4此外，同义词也经常用在一些谚语中。A single spark can start a prairie fire.星星之火，可以燎原。二、反义词语义相对或者相反的词叫做反义词。和同义词一样，它们词性相同。1换位反义词换位反义词就是指一种对立统一的关系，一方的存在以另一方的存在为前提，双方形成一个对立的统一体。If A sells a watch to B, B buys a watch from A.If A gives a pen to B, B receives a pen from A.英语中有一词多义的特征，所以反义词可能有不止一个，所以在不同的场合要注意反义词的使用。2固定搭配中的
8、反义词英语中有许多由一对反义词构成的固定搭配。例如：here and there, now and then, day and night, up and down, etc.3反义词在谚语中的使用，通常用对偶句，它们结构相似，意思相反。A white lie is better than a black lie.一个善意的谎言总比一个恶意的谎言要好。As long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free.只要思想被奴役，身体就永远不能自由。Pain past is pleasure.苦尽甘来。East or west, home
9、 is best.东好西好，还是家里最好。4词根加上前缀/后缀形成反义词。前缀有im， in， un等，后缀有less等。.单句语法填空1The little girl is reading a book, _ there are many cartoons.2Ill never forget the day _ she said goodbye to me.3He referred me to some books _ I am not very familiar.4The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill.5The man
10、 _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.6He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.7The workers, some _ stayed for four years, came from different countries.8The committee is made up of 20 members, 5 _ are women.9The book contains
11、 50 poems, most _ were written in the 1930s.10There are two left, one _ is almost finished, and the other _ is not.完成句子1这个女孩来了，我等了她将近一个小时。There comes the girl, _ I have been waiting around an hour.2他递给我一支笔，我用它写下了自己的名字。_ I wrote down my name.3他们在地震中受了严重的伤，因此他们没有去上学。They were badly hurt in the earthqu
12、ake, _ they didnt go to school.4中国有许多民族，其中之一为土家族。China has lots of nations, _ is Tujia.5警察搜查了那个小偷曾待过的房间。The police searched the room _ the thief has stayed.写出下列词语的同义词1take a walk_2homeland_3scared_4smart_5flee_6big_7beautiful_8photo_9quick_10be good at_.写出下列词语的反义词1dirty_2early_3fast_4inside_5tight_6
13、beautiful_7cry_8clever_9different_10difficult_Part 单元语法(1)“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句(2)同义词和反义词夯实基础一遍落实.1in which2.on which3.with which4.from which5.to whom6.of which7.of whom8.of whom9.of which10.of which; of which.1for whom2.He handed me a pen with which3.because of which4.one of which5.in which/where.1go for a walk2.motherland3.frightened4.clever/bright/wise5.escape6.large7.pretty8.picture9.fast10.do well in.1clean2.late3.slow4.outside5.loose6.ugly7laugh8.stupid9.same10.easy
