1、专题跟踪检测21议论文、说明文(限时40分钟)(见专题跟踪检测P145)Test 1(2019广东广州一模)Why study history?People live in the present.They plan for the _1_.History, however, is the study of the past.Given all the _2_ and pressures that come from living in the present and _3_ what is yet to come, why bother with what has been? Given a
2、ll the available branches of knowledge, why insistas most _4_ systems doon history? And why urge many students to study even more history than they are _5_ to?Any subject of study needs _6_:_supporters must explain why it is worth _7_.Like most widely accepted _8_,_history attracts people who simply
3、 _9_ the information and modes of thought involved.But for people who are less interested in the subject and more _10_ about why they should bother with it, a clearer explanation of its purpose is required._11_ do not perform heart transplants, improve highway design, or arrest criminals.In a societ
4、y that quite correctly expects education to serve _12_ purposes, historys functions can seem more difficult to _13_ than those of engineering or medicine.History is in fact very useful, actually _14_,_but the products of historical study are often less _15_ and immediate than those of other subjects
5、.History helps us understand people, societies and how they _16_.For example, how can we _17_ past wars (and future threats) without using historical materials? Unfortunately, major aspects of a societys operation cannot be set up as precise experiments._18_,_history must serve, however imperfectly,
6、 as our _19_,_helping us understand who we are and why we do what we do.This, fundamentally, is why we cannot _20_ history.1Aprocess BresultCfuture Denvironment2A.causes BdemandsCchoices Dorders3A.avoiding BfearingCcelebrating Danticipating4A.financial BsocialCeducational Dpolitical5A.required Binvi
7、tedCforced Dpermitted6A.direction BexplorationCjustification Drevolution7A.assessment BattentionCexpectation Dmention8A.subjects BconceptsCtopics Dconcerns9A.provide BreceiveCshare Dlike10A.doubtful BworriedCthoughtful Dcertain11A.Supporters BHistoriansCAudiences DTeachers12A.public BmultipleCdiffer
8、ent Duseful13A.define BexpectCsatisfy Dignore14A.optional BattractiveCaccessible Dessential15A.valuable BinterestingCobvious Dinstructive16A.imagine BbehaveCfight Dfade17A.prevent BrememberCevaluate Ddeclare18A.Consequently BAlternativelyCFortunately DAdmittedly19A.library BlaboratoryCclinic Dmuseum
9、20A.make up for Bgive in toCget close to Dstay away from语篇类型：议论文主题语境：善于学习 语篇导读：本文讨论了学习历史的必要性和意义。1解析 C句意：人们生活在当下，为将来(future)做计划，故选C项。2解析 B句意：考虑到生活在当下和预测未来的压力和需求(demand)，为什么要花时间去考虑过去的事情呢？，故选B项。3解析 D根据上文They plan for the _1_可知，此处指预测(anticipate)未来，故选D项。4解析 C根据上文branches of knowledge可知，此处应为教育(educational
10、)系统，故选C项。5解析 A句意：那为什么要一些学生学除了要求他们了解的之外更多的历史呢？。require需要，要求，故选A项。6解析 C根据空后的explain why可知，学习一门学科必须要有理由。justification辩解，故选C项。7解析 B根据上一句可知，支持者必须解释为什么这门学科值得注意(attention)，故选B项。8解析 A根据上下文可知，此处指像大部分被广泛接受的学科(subject)一样，故选A项。9解析 D根据上文的attracts可知，此处指喜欢(like)相关的信息和思维模式，故选D项。10解析 A句意：但是对于对历史不怎么感兴趣和怀疑为什么要学历史的人来说，
11、一个清晰的目的的解释就很有必要了。doubtful怀疑的，故选A项。11解析 B句意：历史学家(historian)不做心脏移植手术，不会改进高速公路的设计，也不会逮捕罪犯，故选B项。12解析 D句意：在一个非常准确地期望教育为有用的(useful)目的服务的社会里，历史的功能较工程学或者医学似乎很难让人定义(define)，故选D项。13解析 A参见上题解析，故选A项。14解析 D根据空前的useful可知，因为“有用”，所以“必要”。essential必不可少的，故选D项。15解析 C句意：历史是非常有用的，甚至是必不可少的，但是历史学研究的成果与其他学科相比没那么明显(obvious)，
12、那么立竿见影，故选C项。16解析 B句意：历史帮助我们理解人类和社会，以及是怎样运行的，behave在此意为“运行”，故选B项。17解析 C句意：例如，如果不用历史资料，我们怎么评估(evaluate)过去的战争或者将来的威胁呢？，故选C项。18解析 A前后句属于因果关系，consequently因此，故选A项。19解析 B句意：因此，尽管历史多么的不完美，必须要充当实验室(laboratory)，帮助我们理解我们是谁，我们做一些事情的理由，故选B项。20解析 D句意：从根本上来说，这就是我们不能不学历史的原因。stay away from远离，不接近，故选D项。Test 2(2019广东广州
13、二模)Always wished the Earth had a second moon? Then you will be _1_ to hear that the Chengdu Aerospace Science and Technology Microelectronics System Research Institute has plans to launch multiple mini moons over the next few years.Similar to the _2_ satellite, the light of the artificial orb(球体) wi
14、ll be obtained from the sun and _3_ to Earth by its mirrorlike coating. According to its designers, the _4_ of light being reflected can be controlled from Earth and the light can even be _5_,_if necessary.While the multiple mini moons will certainly appear picturesque, their main purpose is to cons
15、erve _6_. The Chengdu Aerospace experts claim the mini moons dusklike glow will allow the government to eventually _7_ costly streetlights in cities. They estimate that using the artificial satellite to light up Chengdus streets at night will _8_ the city 1.2 billion yuan annually. Since the orbs lo
16、cation can be _9_ moved, it could also be used to shine light over disasterstruck areas that have lost _10_.Once the first mini moon is _11_ successfully, the experts plan to launch three _12_ ones. Together, the satellites, which will take turns depending on their _13_ in relation to the sun, are e
17、xpected to _14_ an area of 3,600 to 6,400 square kilometers. While the orbs will be _15_ through a telescope from anywhere on the globe, their real beauty will only be seen by visiting Chengdu. Officials, _16_,_believe they will be a huge tourist attraction, helping improve the citys _17_.As is ofte
18、n the case with major _18_,_some experts are concerned. They _19_ that the moons will impact on the sleep patterns of humans and animals. However, officials believe the satellites will cause little, if any, _20_.1Apleased BsurprisedCalarmed Drelieved2A.traditional BuniqueCnatural Dfamous3A.carried B
19、reflectedCintroduced Dtransformed4A.color BspeedCsource Damount5A.sent out Bswitched offCgiven away Dturned down6A.resources BanimalsCfarmland Dspace7A.rebuild BexpandCimprove Dremove8A.bring BleaveCsave Dcost9A.hardly BeasilyCfrequently Dnormally10A.money BhomeCcontact Dpower11A.travelling Bappeari
20、ngCworking Dsignaling12A.additional BspecialCbright Dcolorful13A.size BimportanceCposition Dfunction14A.pick up Btake upChold up Dlight up15A.reliable BvisibleCavailable Dtestable16A.therefore BhoweverCotherwise Dmoreover17A.population BeducationCtechnology Deconomy18A.drawbacks BbreakthroughsCevolu
21、tion Dconflict19A.doubt BconcludeCworry Dagree20A.disturbance BdestructionCsatisfaction Ddiscussion语篇类型：说明文主题语境：科技发展语篇导读：本文为科技成果介绍。成都航天科工微电子系统研究院计划在未来几年发送人造月亮用以反射太阳光线，来照亮成都夜晚的街道，从而节能省钱。1解析 A根据语境可知，如果你一直盼望有第二个月亮的话，那听到在未来几年会发射多颗微型“月亮”，你会感到高兴(pleased)，故选A项。2解析 C根据下文的artificial orb(人造球体)可知，此处指自然(natural
22、)卫星，故选C项。3解析 B根据下文by it mirrorlike coating并结合物理常识可推知，该处指太阳的光线被反射(reflect)到地球，故选B项。4解析 D根据该句中的can be controlled from Earth并结合语境可知，可以从地球上控制光的量(amount)，故选D项。5解析 B根据语境可知，在地球上可以控制光的量，如果有必要，甚至可以关闭光源。switch off关掉，故选B项。6解析 A根据下文制造这种人造卫星可以照亮成都夜晚的街道可知，目的是节约资源(resource)，故选A项。7解析 D根据下文利用这种人造卫星可以照亮成都夜晚的街道可知，专家称这
23、种光将使政府最终能够移除(remove)城市中昂贵的路灯，故选D项。8解析 C根据语境可知，他们估计，在夜间利用人造卫星照亮成都的街道，每年可以节省(save)12亿元人民币，故选C项。9解析 B根据语境可知，由于人造月亮的位置可以轻易(easily)移动，故它也可以用来照亮受灾地区，故选B项。10解析 D根据该句中的to shine light over disasterstruck areas可推知，受灾地区电源断了，可以利用人造月亮照亮受灾地区。power电，电力，故选D项。11解析 C根据语境可知，一旦人造月亮成功运作，专家们将计划发射另外三个。work运转，运行，故选C项。12解析
24、A参见上题解析。additional另外的，故选A项。13解析 C根据该句中的in relation to the sun并结合常识可知，这些卫星将根据它们相对于太阳的位置(position)反射光线，预计照亮3 600至6 400平方公里的区域，故选C项。14解析 D参见上题解析。light up照亮，故选D项。15解析 B根据through a telescope可知，虽然地球上任何地方都可以通过望远镜看到这些球体，但它们真正的美只能通过参观成都才能看到。visible可见的，故选B项。16解析 A只有通过参观成都才能看到球体的美与它们将成为游览的一大吸引点有逻辑上的因果关系，故选A项。17解析 D根据语境并结合常识可知，官员们相信，这些人造月亮将成为一个巨大的旅游吸引点，帮助促进城市的经济(economy)发展，故选D项。18解析 B根据上文可知，人们将发射人造月亮用来反射太阳的光，这是重大的突破(breakthrough)，故选B项。19解析 C根据前一句中的concerned可知，他们担心(worry)这些人造月亮会影响人类和动物的睡眠模式，故选C项。20解析 A根据语境可知，官员们认为这种人造月亮不会给人们带来干扰或带来的干扰(disturbance)很少，故选A项。