1、高 考 总 复 习 艺考生英语 第1讲 冠词 语法突破 专题一 语境考查类考点一 冠词的基本用法(一)不定冠词的用法1表示类指，或指某类中的“任何一个”。A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease.病毒是一种引发疾病的微生物。2表示泛指。当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词，因此由不定冠词构成的名词词组往往带有不确定的含义，相当于“a certain”。The story happened in a small town in Victoria.故事发生在维多利亚的一个小镇上。3表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，
2、但数的概念没有one 强烈。I watch TV for six or seven hours a day.我一天要看六七个小时的电视。4表示“每一”，相当于 per，用在表示价格、速度、频率等的短语中。Prices start at13.95 a yard for printed cotton.印花棉布以每码 13.95 英镑的价格起售。5表示“同一，相同”，相当于“the same”。They happen to be of an age and wear clothes of a color.他们碰巧同龄而且穿着同样颜色的衣服。(二)定冠词的用法1用在序数词和形容词最高级前。Yang L
3、iwei is the first man who has been sent into space in China.在中国，杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。2用在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉和群岛的名称前。the Yellow River 黄河 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋3用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级等专有名词前。the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国the United States 美国4用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。the Greens 格林一家 the Smiths 史密斯一家5表示所有，相当于物主
4、代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前。She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。6用在某些形容词或分词前，表示一类人或事。the poor/rich/dead/living/wounded 穷人/富人/死人/活着的人/受伤的人7表示朝代和年代的词前。the Ming Dynasty 明朝in the 1980s 在 20 世纪 80 年代8用在表示计量的名词前，如 by the hour，by the day，by thedozen，by the yard 等，但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如 by weight/height 等。I got paid
5、by the hour.我按小时得到报酬。(三)零冠词的用法1专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。He is living in Canada now.2表示季节、月份、星期和节日的名词前和学科、语言、三餐、球类运动、棋类游戏的名词前不用冠词。We usually have breakfast at 7 oclock.3称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语补足语及同位语时，不加冠词。Dr.Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study a
6、t Oxford or Cambridge.”4系动词 turn 后的单数名词作表语时，单数名词前不加冠词。His brother has turned writer.5在 as/though 引导的部分倒装句中，“零冠词单数名词as/though主语谓语主句”，意为“虽然/尽管但是”。Hero as he is，he has some shortcomings.6用在“名词介词短语”的独立主格结构中。The teacher came in，book in hand.对点演练语法填空1(2020浙江嘉兴基础测试)Later，her role as Queen Amidala in Star W
7、ars made her an international superstar.2(2020东北三省模拟)Trust us.It might make you a genius.3(2019四川二诊)We should treasure every moment of sincerity and gratefulness because the best things will be gone very easily.4(浙江卷)For Pahlsson，its return was a wonder.5I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I
8、 cooked in the kitchen.考点二 冠词的活用及固定用法(一)冠词的活用1转化为可数名词的不可数名词前可用不定冠词。He received a good education.他接受了良好的教育。2不表示比较意义的形容词最高级前可用不定冠词或零冠词。Hiking is a most interesting outdoor activity.徒步旅行是一项非常有趣的户外活动。3不表示顺序而是表示“又一，再一”的序数词前用不定冠词。They have a second house in the city.在这个城市他们又买了一套住房。4knowledge/grasp/command
9、/collection/understanding 等一些由动词转化而来的抽象名词后接 of.时，前面用不定冠词。He has a good knowledge of English.他通晓英语。5独一无二的事物前有修饰成分时可用不定冠词。(1)a full moon 一轮满月(2)a brand-new world 一个崭新的世界6表示三餐、星期、月份、季节等的名词前有形容词或表示特定含义时可用不定冠词。I remember it was on a rainy Monday that he left his hometown.我记得在一个下雨的星期一他离开了家乡。7专有名词前若有形容词修饰可
10、用不定冠词。We are looking forward to seeing a new Beijing.我们正盼望着看到一个新北京。(二)冠词的固定搭配一些短语中使用不定冠词、定冠词还是零冠词都是固定的，常考的有：have a gift for 有的天赋go on a diet 节食at a loss 茫然all of a sudden 突然make the best of 充分利用on the spot 当场对点演练语法填空1(2019陕西模拟)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that whil
11、e one is being bottle-fed，the other is with mum she never suspects.2Its a pleasure for me to be here to speak to such a distinguished group from all over the world.3New fuel can be used to take the place of gas.4After a quick lunch，I set out for Beijing.5Everyone feels like a failure at times.冠词在语法填
12、空中的命题点冠词在语法填空题中通常以无提示词的形式进行考查，通常考查以下用法：1不定冠词的基本用法(2019全国卷)This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around.2定冠词的基本用法(2018全国卷)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.3冠词在固定短语中的习惯用法(2016全国卷)Give your body a
13、nd brain a rest by stepping outside for a while，exercising or doing something you enjoy.单句语法填空1I was told that _ 10：15 flight would take us to Shanghai in time to reach_ Fudan University.答案：the；/2What _ pity that you couldnt be there to receive the prize!答案：a3In order to find a better job，he decided
14、 to study _ second foreign language.答案：a4I dont understand what the engineer means，but Ive got a rough idea of _ project plan.答案：the5As he reached _ front door，Jack saw a strange sight.答案：the6In communication,a smile is usually _ strong sign of a friendly and open attitude.答案：a7Its _ good feeling fo
15、r people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.答案：a8I consider myself very lucky because I was _ only one of my friends who had their dads around.答案：the9The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that people from all walks of life are working hard for _ new Hainan.答案：a1
16、0Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up _ weakening of the human body.答案：the11(2020湖北武汉高三调考)After taking a boat from the mainland I arrived at _ island province of Hainan.解析：名词 island province 由后置定语修饰，故该名词是特指，其前应加定冠词。答案：the12(2020赣中南五校一模)He plays _ violin bu
17、t gives lessons on the piano.解析：在西洋乐器名称前需用定冠词 the。答案：the13I usually go to my workplace coffee shop to place _ order but this Wednesday，it was slightly different.解析：place an order 为固定搭配，意为“下订单”。答案：an14Instead of trying to make up for lost time，as many people might do，he resigned on _ spot.解析：on the spot 为固定搭配，意为“当场”。答案：the15I went to buy a ticket while he kept _ eye on the luggage.解析：句意：我买票，他照看行李。keep an eye on 为固定搭配，意为“照看；留意、留神”。答案：an