1、高 考 总 复 习 艺考生英语 第2讲 形容词和副词 语法突破 专题二 词形变化类考点一 形容词与副词 1形容词与副词的句法功能词性功能例句形容词作定语、表语、补语和状语(与句子用逗号隔开)。修饰不定代词(后置)He can speak fluentEnglish.She feels greatly fortunateworking in a big company.副词作状语。方位副词可作后置定语、表语或补语Fortunately for her，she works in a big company.2.-ed 型形容词和-ing 型形容词解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人
2、”(-ing)，还是“感到”(-ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing)还是感受(-ed)。具体如下：(1)-ing 型形容词主要用于修饰事物，表示事物的性质特征，常译为“令人的”。如：The story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。(故事本身有趣)(2)-ed 型形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到的”，强调人自身的感受；修饰事物时，则多修饰 smile(微笑)，feeling(感觉)，appearance(外貌)，cry(哭)，face(面部表情)，voice(声音)，mood(情绪)，look(表情)等显示某人情绪状况的名词，如：He had a
3、pleased smile on his face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。(a pleased smile 意为“满意的微笑”，指某人因感到满意而露出的微笑)He told me the news in a very excited voice.他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。(a very excited voice 意为“很激动的声音”，指某人因感到激动而发出的声音)3兼有两种形式的副词其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀-ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。close 接近(指距离)closely 仔细地，密切地free 免费freely 自由地，自如地deep
4、 深deeply 深刻地，深入地hard 努力地hardly 几乎不wide 宽阔地widely 广泛地high 高highly 高度地late 晚、迟lately 近来near 邻近nearly 几乎most 最mostly 主要地；绝大多数地pretty相当地prettily优美地 下列单词以-ly 结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively，lonely，lovely，deadly，friendly，ugly，silly，likely，brotherly，timely 等。4句子副词的用法有些副词并不修饰动词，而是修饰整个句子，表示说话人的看法。常见的这类副词有：(1)表递进：beside
5、s，further，then，moreover 等。(2)表结果：therefore，consequently，accordingly，thus 等。(3)表转折：though，instead，otherwise，however 等。(4)表等同：similarly，equally 等。(5)表对比：rather，oppositely 等。(6)表概括：altogether，generally 等。(7)表列举：first(ly)，second(ly)，finally 等。(8)表同位：namely 等。(9)表时间：meanwhile，sometimes，occasionally 等。(10
6、)表特指：particularly，especially 等。5常见的易混词beside 在旁边(或附近)besides 此外，而且late 迟的，晚的later 后来，以后latest 最近的，最新的ago 以前(以现在为起点)before 以前(以过去为起点)somewhere 某处everywhere 到处high 在高处；高highly 高度地；很；非常wide 广阔地；充分地widely 广泛地；普遍地deep 深深地deeply 深刻地；深沉地free 免费地freely 自由地；畅通地close 接近；紧挨着closely 仔细地；紧密地hard 努力地hardly 几乎不nea
7、r 在附近nearly 几乎，差不多对点演练单句改错1 (2020 云 南 八 校 区 调 研)I dont think that it is a truly eco-travel.An eco-travel not only allows us to express our love for nature，but needs our responsibility as well.trulytrue 2(2020石家庄模拟)But with my teammates encouragement，I was able to communicate smooth with them.smooths
8、moothly 3(2019哈尔滨模拟)Water is very important to us，without which there would be no life.Therefore，some people dont turn the tap off at once after using it.ThereforeHowever 4I lived in my hometown ten years before.beforeago 考点二 比较等级 1比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则形式形容词、副词的比较等级规则情况比较级最高级例词一般的单词 在词尾加-er在词尾加-estcold；co
9、lder；coldest以不发音的字母 e 结尾的单词在词尾加-r在词尾加-stnice；nicer；nicest以“辅音字母y”结尾的单词把 y 改为 i 再加-er把 y 改为 i 再加-esthappy；happier；happiestunlucky；unluckier；unluckiest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的单词双写辅音字母，再加-er双写辅音字母，再加-estbig；bigger；biggestthin；thinner；thinnest多音节词和部分双音节词在单词前加more在单词前加mostslowly；more slowly；most slowly(2)不规则
10、的形式good/wellbetterbestfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestbad/ill/badlyworseworst2比较级等级的用法(1)表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as形容词/副词的原级as”“as形容词a(n)单数名词as”“asmany/much复数名词/不可数名词as”的结构；Henry is a worker as good as Peter(is)Henry is as good a worker as Peter(is)亨利和彼得一样都是好工人。It is generally believed that teachi
11、ng is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。(2)双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级than”的结构表示。This picture is more beautiful than that one.这幅画比那幅画漂亮。(3)三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常跟有表示比较范围的介词短语。Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.张华是这三个人中最高的那个。1某些以-ior 结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to 代替 than。这些词
12、有：inferior(劣等的，次的)，superior(较好的，优于)，junior(资历较浅的)，senior(资格较老的)等。He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.他在化学上比张老师优秀。2否定词加比较级表示最高级的意思。I cant think of a better idea.这是我想到的最好的办法了。3表示“最高程度”的形容词。如 excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。对点演练单句语法填空1(2020广东湛江调研)The more support you win from others，the fa
13、ster (fast)you will move toward your goal.2(2020湖北八校第一次联考)Whatever happens in China，the third largest (large)country in the world with 20 percent of the worlds population，will certainly shape the immediate and distant futures of us all.3Roses，of course，have the most colorful (colorful)meaning among
14、all the flowers.4Scientists hope that these precautions will prevent any farther(far)damage to the paintings.考点三 形容词和副词的词性转换 1常见形容词转变方式(1)一些名词，包括一些与“天气”有关的名词，后面加-y 可变成形容词。如 rainrainy，cloudcloudy，windwindy，snowsnowy等。(2)一些抽象名词在其词尾加-ful 可以变为形容词。如 carecareful，helphelpful，useuseful 等。(3)一些表示国家的名词可以在其词尾加
15、-ese 或-n 构成形容词。如 JapanJapanese，AmericaAmerican，AustraliaAustralian 等。注意：CanadaCanadian，ChinaChinese，EnglandEnglish。(4)在名词后加-ous 变成形容词。如 dangerdangerous 等。(5)在名词后加-ly 变成形容词。如 friendfriendly，lovelovely等。(6)在名词后加-less 变成含有否定意义的形容词。如 carecareless(粗心的)，useuseless(无用的)，hopehopeless(没希望的)，homehomeless(无家可归
16、的)等。(7)一些以-ence 结尾的名词，把-ence 改为-ent 变成形容词。如differencedifferent，silencesilent 等。(8)在名词后加-al 或去掉-e 再加-al 或-inal 构成形容词。如 criticcritical，naturenatural，crimecriminal 等。2形容词变副词的方法(1)一般在形容词的词尾加-ly 将其变成副词。如 quickquickly，slow-slowly，loud-loudly，suddensuddenly 等。(2)一些以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词，要把-y 改为-i，再加-ly。如 happyhap
17、pily，angryangrily，luckyluckily，heavyheavily，noisynoisily 等。(3)有些以-ble 或-le 结尾的形容词，去掉-e 再加-y 如 possiblepossibly，terribleterribly 等。(4)少数以-e 结尾的形容词，要去掉-e 再加-ly。如 truetruly 等。但绝大多数以-e 结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。如 politepolitely，widewidely 等。(5)以-l 结尾的形容词要在词尾加-ly，以-ll 结尾的形容词要在词尾加-y。如 usualusually，carefulcarefully，u
18、sefulusefully，fullfully 等。(1)以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的名词，将其变为形容词时须双写词尾的辅音字母再加-y。如：sunsunny，funfunny 等。(2)少数以不发音的-e 结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉-e，再加-y。如：noisenoisy，iceicy 等。对点演练单句语法填空1A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience especially(especial)if you are traveling at high speed.2After a few years，the caves
19、 were opened as a tourist attraction，and 1,200 people per day came to the site to admire the paintings.Unfortunately (fortunate)，too many visitors resulted in changes in the caves atmosphere，and green algae(水藻)began to grow around the walls.3These tips above will be extremely (extreme)useful when yo
20、u visit China，an eastern (east)country with a long history.4The main purpose of natural herbal(药草的)medicines is to help the body return to its normal state so that it can be restored wholly(whole)5(2017全国卷)The result is that people stop driving before they really (real)need to.形容词和副词在语法填空中的命题点1考查词类转
21、换(2019浙江卷)When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings，car drivers can easily (easy)see them.(2018全国卷)According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total global (globe)fertilizer consumption.2考查形容词或副词的比较等级(2018浙江卷)There could be an even higher cost on your
22、 health.(2018全国卷)That makes her baby scream，and then a 400-pound male appears.He screams the loudest (loud)of all.单句语法填空1Youd be exposed to a lot _(little)pollution if you moved to a town with pure water and air.答案：less2Of all living things,human beings are the _(clever)答案：cleverest3A beginners wall
23、 is usually about 15 feet _(height)答案：high4Practice some _(relax)techniques before you go into a social situation.答案：relaxing5Mr.Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _(popular)答案：more popular6Frank put the medicine in a top drawer to make sure it would not be _
24、(access)to the kids.答案：accessible7In this lecture,I can only give you a purely _(person)view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.答案：personal8After climbing up the top of the mountains,the three of them sat there，_(hunger)and tired.答案：hungry9_(thankful)，I ma
25、naged to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.答案：Thankfully10Volunteering is becoming_(increasing)popular in China.Yeah，people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.答案：increasingly11We saw each other _(regular),but I havent heard from him since last year.答案：reg
26、ularly12Do you think shopping online will _(final)take the place of shopping in stores?答案：finally13(2020湖北华大联盟高三质检)The boy looked at his father _(hope)because he thought his father had brought him a present.解析：修饰动词短语 looked at 应用副词形式。答案：hopefully14(2020安徽滁州中学模拟)_(obvious)，a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.解析：句意：很明显，一个好习惯能够帮助我们加速抵达目的地。设空处修饰逗号后面的句子，作状语，应用副词。故填 Obviously。答案：Obviously15Andy is content with the toy.It is the _(good)he has ever got.解析：句意：安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。由“he has ever got”可知，应用形容词最高级，空格前的定冠词 the 也是提示。答案：best