1、高 考 总 复 习 艺考生英语 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars 基础必备 必修三 Units 15阅读单词1.astronomy n 天文学 2astronomer n.天文学家 3solar adj.太阳的；日光的 4billion pron.&n.&adj.(英)万亿；(美)十亿 5.carbon n 碳 6dissolve vt.&vi.溶解；解散 7acid n.酸 8mammal n.哺乳动物 9.dioxide n 二氧化物 10extinct adj.灭绝的；绝种的 11lessen vi.&vt.减少；减轻 12weightl
2、essly adv.失重地写作单词1.system n 系统；体系；制度2 unlike prep.与不同；不像3 fundamental adj.基本的；基础的4 multiply vi.&vt.乘；增加5 gentle adj.温和的；文雅的6 crash vi.&vt.碰撞；坠落7 pull n&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力8 float vi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n.漂浮物语境活用1A truck went out of control and crashed(碰撞)into the back of a bus.2Some experts think reading is th
3、e fundamental(基本的)skill upon which school education depends.3Those anxious for reform say that the present system (系统)is too narrow.4He found something floating(漂浮)on the lake，which frightened him.5If you multiply(乘)two and three，you will get six.拓展单词1.religion n宗教；宗教信仰 religious adj.宗教的2theory n学说；
4、理论 theoretical adj.理论的；理论性的3violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n暴力 violently adv.猛烈的；激烈地4harmful adj.有害的 harm n&v.伤害；危害harmless adj.无害的5exist vi.存在；生存 existence n存在；生存6puzzle vi.&vt.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n.谜；难题puzzled adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的 puzzling adj.令人迷惑的7globe n球体；地球仪；地球 global adj.全球性的；全世界的语境活用1The more violent (vi
5、olence)scenes in the film were cut when it was shown on television.2Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist)3The debate between science and religion (religious)continues to be heated.4Now that we are all part of the global (globe)village，everyone bacomes
6、 a neighbour.5To explain the puzzling (puzzle)findings，he offers two theories.第一组短语识记1.in ones turn 轮到某人2 watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防3 depend on 依靠；取决于4 break out 突发；爆发5 block out 挡住(光线)6 get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解语境活用1.Do remember to watch out for cars while crossing the street.2At last the firefighters
7、 put out the fire in the supermarket，which broke out at ten this morning.3Youve made me suffer in the past，so now you，in your turn，suffer again!4She bought a heavy curtain to block out the light.5Sorry，I cant get the hang of the usage of it.第二组短语识记1.in time 及时；终于2 prevent.from 阻止；制止3 now that 既然4 ch
8、eer up 感到高兴；感到振奋5 lay eggs 下蛋6 give birth to 产生；分娩语境活用1.Now that we all understand that the haze is harmful to our health，we should take effective measures to 2.prevent it from getting bad to worse.No matter what happens，we must 3.cheer up and try to reduce the pollution.If we keep on，well succeed 4
9、.intime.填写课本佳句1.This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for lifeto develop.(动词itadj./n.to do)这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。2But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice asfar as on the earth and fell over.(倍数asadj.adv.原级as.)但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。3“Oh，dea
10、r，”I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”(now that“既然”)“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”4We watched，amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.(过去分词作状语)我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。1harmful adj.有害的 经典例句 Experts poin
11、t out that fruit juices can be harmful to childrens teeth.专家指出果汁可能损害儿童的牙齿。(1)be harmful to 对有害(2)harm n&vt.伤害；损害do harm to sb.do sb.harm 伤害某人Dont believe him.No harm has been done (do)to him ever since.As second-hand smoking is harmful (harm)and dangerous,people want a total ban against smoking in p
12、ublic.一句多译如果使用不当，这种药物会对你造成伤害。If used improperly，the medicine will do/cause harm to you/doyou harm.(harm n)If used improperly，the medicine will be harmful toyou.(harmful)2exist vi.存在；生存教材原句 They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。(1)exist in 存在
13、于之中exist on 靠为生There exists/existed.某地有；存在(2)existence n.存在；生存come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在(3)existing adj.现存的；现行的Even though he is a little boy，strange ideas always exist in his mind.The old lady became seriously ill last week；she has only existed on milk ever since.There exists (exist)a good way
14、to solve the problem at present.完成句子Scientists have many theories about how the universe firstcame into existence.关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种观点。exist 是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。3.puzzle n谜；难题 vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难教材原句 How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzlesthat scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何
15、起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。(1)puzzle over/about 苦思冥想；绞尽脑汁(2)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的(3)puzzled adj.困惑的；感到迷惑的be puzzled about 对迷惑不解(2019江苏卷)In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，Bob Christiansen became puzzled(puzzle)about something.Where the missing plane has gone still
16、remains a puzzle to us.When the little girl was asked such a puzzling(puzzle)question，she stood there with a surprised look on her face.完成句子消防员对这场火灾的起因困惑不解。The firemen were puzzled about the cause of the fire.(puzzled adj.)4in time 及时；终于；迟早教材原句 They were in time to produce carbon dioxide,nitrogen,wa
17、ter vapour and other gases,which were to make the earths atmosphere.最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。(1)on time 准时；按时(2)in no time 立即，马上(3)at no time 决不(置于句首时，句子部分倒装)(4)at a time 一次(5)at one time 曾经；一度At no time did I feel they were being unreasonable.The car came to a stop just in time to preven
18、t an accident.Youd better do one thing at a time,so that you can concentrate on it.同义句改写If you study hard，you will succeed sooner or later.If you study hard,you will succeed in time.5in ones turn 轮到某人；接着佳句背诵 When it was in my turn,I was too excited to speak.当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。(1)in turn 依次；轮流；反之；反过来(
19、2)take turns to do sth.轮流做某事(3)It is ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事(4)It turns/turned out that.结果The young parents had to take turns to look (look)after their sick baby.It turned out that this young man was none other than the old mans son.句式升级People try to avoid public transportation delays by using t
20、heir own cars,and this in turn creates more problems.(用非限制性定语从句改写)People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars,which in turn creates more problems.6cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋Upon arriving at the classroom，the author was cheered up by a warm welcome.They do this in order to encour
21、age crowds to cheer their sports team on.Lets go to the football game and cheer for our favorite team.(1)cheer sb.up 使某人振作起来cheer sb.on 为某人加油cheer for 为而欢呼(2)Cheers！口语(用于祝酒)干杯！7lay v放置；搁；下(蛋)，产(卵)用 lay，lie 的正确形式填空The boy lied that the white hen had laid a black egg and that he had laid it in the box
22、 which was lying under his bed.Mothers routinely lay babies on their backs to sleep.1This produced a chain reaction,which made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop.这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。该句型为 make itadj./n.for sb.to do.其中 it 作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。make宾语宾语补足语名词或形容词不带to的不定式过去分词介词短语Susan made it clear to me t
23、hat she wished to make a new life for herself.The noise in the school made learning(learn)difficult.完成句子精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。Mastering the technology makes it possible for us to use the Internet more effectively.(不定式作宾语)2But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the
24、earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。twice as far as.是一种倍数的表达方法，意为“是的两倍远”。as far as.“远到”。英语中常见的倍数表达法有：(1)Abe倍数asadj./adv.原级as B(2)Abe倍数adj./adv.比较级than B(3)Abe倍数the名词(size/weight/length.)of B(4)A倍数what 从句，表示“A 是的多少倍”。The black cloth is twice the length(long)of the white cl
25、oth.It is shown that men have twice as more serious accidents as women do on average while driving according to recent statistics.moremany 完成句子This factory produces twice as many cars as that one.这家工厂生产的汽车是那家工厂的两倍。The price of the coat is three times what I have paid for mine.这件外套的价格是我的外套价格的三倍。(1)两倍
26、用 twice 或 double，三倍及三倍以上用“.times”表达；(2)前面的倍数还可以用分数、百分数、小数或者 a quarter，a half 等表达。.课文里的高考根据课文内容，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The earth was just a cloud of dust after the“Big Bang”The earth exploded loudly (loud)with fire and rock.They were in time to produce many things，which were to make (make)the ear
27、ths atmosphere.As the earth cooled down，water began to appear on its surface.It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful (harm)gases.Then life began to develop.Small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen.This encouraged the development (develop)of early shellfish and fish.Land an
28、imals such as insects，reptiles and dinosaurs appeared (appear)after green plants appeared.Small clever animals spread all over the earth.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.Whether life will continue on the earth fo
29、r millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved (solve).话题写作假设你对探月感兴趣，现在写一篇英语短文，设想如何在假期到月球旅行。1去月球旅行的问题：如何吃饭、喝水；2月球现状：月球没有重力，食物会飘移；3解决办法：食物放在试管中，吸食；4去月球旅行的期望。注意：1.请根据以上要点写一篇 80 个词左右的短文；2.尽量使用本单元的知识点；3.可适当增加细节。范文If I visited the moon，there would be a problem I might be fa
30、ced with：how to eat and drink.The gravity of the moon is so weak that the food will float around.I would have to take all my food with me.So it could be put in a tube and then I would be able to suck it more easily.Perhaps I would use a straw to do it.It can prevent the food from floating away.Only
31、in this way can the problem be solved.I will have a try in time.第 14 讲 复合句(宾语从句)宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，它既可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词、非谓语动词的宾语。1我认为看太多电视对人的健康有害。答案：I think watching TV too much is harmful to our health.2我想知道他的英语考试是否及格了。答案：I wonder whether he has passed the English exam.3我想知道他发生了什么事。答案：I wonder what has ha
32、ppened to him.4我不知道他在哪所学校读书。答案：I dont know which school he is in.5她不知道谁首先发现了美洲大陆。答案：She doesnt know who first discovered America.6你能告诉我最近的邮局在哪儿吗？答案：Could you tell me where the nearest post office is?7你知道他将于什么时候动身去香港吗？答案：Do you know when he is leaving for Hong Kong?8我经常考虑如何才能提高我的英语口语。答案：I often consider how I can improve my oral English.9他问我班上谁的书法最好。答案：He asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.10我认为多花时间练习英语是必要的。(it 作形式宾语)答案：I think it necessary to spend more time practising English.