1、高 考 总 复 习 艺考生英语 Unit 4 Earthquakes 基础必备 必修一 Units 15阅读单词1.earthquake n 地震 2million n.百万 3canal n.运河；水道 4steam n.蒸汽；水汽 5extreme adj.极度的 6.track n 轨道；足迹；痕迹 7mine n.矿 8shelter n 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处 9reporter n.记者 10outline n.要点；大纲；轮廓 11.headline n 报刊的大字标题 12cyclist n 骑自行车的人 13farmyard n 农场；农家 14brick n 砖；砖块15da
2、m n 水坝；堰堤写作单词1.burst vt.(burst，burst)爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发2 event n.事件；大事3 ruin n.废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产4 destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭5 useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的6 rescue n&vt.援救；营救7 trap vt.使陷入困境 n.陷阱；困境8 bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏9 injure vt.损失；损害10 judge n.裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决11 disaster n.灾难；灾祸12 title n.标题；头衔；资格语境活用1The earthquake wa
3、s so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely destroyed(破坏)2With so many people buried(掩埋)under the mine，none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.3Too much drinking will do damage(损害)to your health；you should take the doctors advice.4After learning that the boys h
4、ad been lost for almost 20 hours，the police sent out a rescue(营救)team to look for them.5This is one of the worst natural disasters(灾难)ever to hit the area.拓展单词1.nation n民族；国家；国民 national adj.民族的；国家的；国民的2shock vt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊shocking adj.令人震惊的 shocked adj.震惊的3suffering n苦难；痛苦 suffer v遭受；忍受；
5、经历4injure vt.损害；伤害 injury n伤害；损害injured adj.受伤的5express vt.表示；表达 n快车；速递 expression n表达；表情6frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的 frightening adj.令人恐惧的7congratulation n祝贺；(复数)贺词 congratulate vt.祝贺8sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地 sincere adj.真诚的；真挚的语境活用1A sudden stop can be a very frightening (frighten)exper
6、ience，especially if you are travelling at high speed.2We all came up to the lucky boy to offer our congratulations(congratulate)to him.3She seemed to take pleasure in our suffering (suffer)4It is shocking (shock)that they involved children in the crime.5It is worth mentioning that our volleyball tea
7、m has won the championship twice in national (nation)middle school volleyball matches.第一组短语识记1.right away 立刻；马上2 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪3 a(great)number of 许多；大量的4 judging from 从判断5 be trapped in 陷入语境活用1.Judging from his happy look on the face，he must have passed the exam this time.2We were shocked at th
8、e news that a(great)number of firefighters were killed in the explosion in Tianjin.3I was trapped in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.4The whole country lay in ruins after the war.5Ill send the paper to you right away第二组短语识记1.think little/nothing of 认为没什么了不起2 at an end 结束；终结3 dig out 挖出
9、；发现4 be proud of 以而自豪5 be buried in 埋头于语境活用My holiday was nearly 1.at an end and I paid a visit to my cousin.When I came in，he 2.was buried in reviewing his lessons in his study.He got top marks in the final exam and his parents 3.were proud of him.However，he 4.thought little/nothing of what he had
10、achieved.填写课本佳句1.In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.(too.to.“太而不能”，表否定意义)在农家大院里，鸡，甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。2It seemed as if the world was at an end！(as if 引导状语从句)好像世界末日到了！3 All hope was not lost.(部分否定)不是所有的希望都破灭了。1burst(burst，burst)vi.爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂；爆发教材原句 In the city,the water
11、 pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。(1)burst in/into 闯入；突然破门而入(2)burst out crying/laughingburst into tears/laughter突然哭起来/笑起来burst with anger 勃然大怒He burst in without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.He burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made m
12、e very angry.一句多译看到她的同学因为她的愚蠢错误哄堂大笑，她突然大哭起来。Seeing her classmates burst out laughing because of her foolish mistakes，she burst out crying.(burst out doing)Seeing her classmates burst into laughter because of her foolish mistakes，she burst into tears.(burst inton.)短语 burst in 中的 in 是副词，后面不接宾语；而 burst
13、 into 后接宾语。2ruin nU；毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；常用复数废墟；遗迹 vt.(使)毁坏；成为废墟教材原句 In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的 15 秒内，一座大城市就成为一片废墟。ruin oneself 毁掉自己in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪；崩溃，垮掉This country was once proud of its education system.Now it seems to be in ruins.If you waste time doing nothing，you will rui
14、n yourself(you)句式升级It rained for two weeks，which completely ruined our holiday.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)It rained for two weeks，completely ruining our holiday.3bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏教材原句 The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。(1)be buried inbu
15、ry oneself in 埋头于；专心于(2)bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面 Buried (bury)in his study，he wasnt aware that all the others had left.Burying (bury)his face in his hands，he tried to control his weeping.完成句子专心于看报，他没注意到他的爸爸。Buried in reading his newspaper，he didnt take notice of his dad.(bury)4judge n裁判员；法官
16、 vt.断定；判断；判决教材原句 Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.一组五个裁判听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的演讲。(1)judge.from/by.从来判断as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为(2)judging by/from 从上看；根据判断(2019全国卷)You also need to judge(judge)the quality and depth of your motivat
17、ion.(2018 江 苏 卷)The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged(judge)完成句子 As far as I can judge(据我判断)，it is more likely that you will get the job.Judging from/by his accent，(从他的口音来判断)，he must be from the south.judging from/by 表示“从来看；根据来判断”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。5a(great)num
18、ber of 许多；大量的教材原句 Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.造成如此多的人员死亡是因为地震发生时人们正在睡觉。A large number of books have been stolen(steal)from the library so far.The number of books stolen from the library is(be)large.(2018全国卷)Over the years，there have been a n
19、umber of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.单句写作自去年以来我们已节省了大量的水 We have saved a great/large amount of water since lastyear.(amount)“large quantities/amounts ofn.”作主语时谓语动词用复数，而“a large quantity/amount ofn.”作主语时谓语动词用单数。6trap vt.使陷入困境 n陷阱；困境He was trapped (trap)in a tr
20、affic jam，so he had to wait.The police trapped him into telling(tell)the truth.(1)be trapped in 困在中；陷在中trap sb.into(doing)sth.诱使某人做某事(2)be trapped in 的同义短语有：be locked in，be caught in，be stuck in 等。7injure vt.损害；伤害；损坏(名誉)；伤害(感情)(2018北京卷)A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured(in
21、jure)and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train.(2019天津卷)A war injury (injure)has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison.These chemicals come from the injured (injure)parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.(1)injured adj.受伤的the injure
22、d 受伤者；伤员(2)injury n伤口；伤害8congratulation n祝贺；(复数)贺词I congratulated him on his success sincerely.Thank you for your letter conveying congratulations(congratulate)on my appointment.(1)congratulations(to sb.)on sth.就(向某人)祝贺Congratulations！祝贺你！(口语)(2)congratulate vt.祝贺，向道喜congratulate sb.on sth.为某事向某人祝贺9
23、shock v.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊It was quite a shock to see my face on that screen!After the shocking news spread throughout the whole city,everyone felt shocked.(shock)We were shocked (shock)to see smoke pouring out of the roof.I was shocked at/by the news of his sudden death.(1)shocked adj.感到震惊的be shock
24、ed by/at.对感到震惊be shocked to do.因做而震惊(2)shocking adj.令人震惊的1It seemed as_if the world was at an end!好像世界末日到了！It seemed(to sb.)that/as if.“对某人来说似乎”。(1)It seems/seemed(to sb.)as if.意为“(对某人来说)似乎”；as if 在句中引导表语从句。(2)as if 除了引导表语从句，也可引导状语从句；(3)as if 从句中可使用虚拟语气：与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”；与将来事
25、实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might动词原形”。When a pencil is partly put into water，it looks as if it were(be)broken.Jack wasnt saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done(do)something very clever.He opened his mouth as if to say(say)something.句式升级The tennis player was lying on the floor as
26、if she was hurt badly.(用非谓语动词改写)The tennis player was lying on the floor as if hurt badly.2 All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。本句为部分否定的句型。(1)Not all historical buildings are attractive.并非所有的历史建筑都有吸引力。(2)Nothing can change her mind.没有什么能改变她的想法。all.notnot all.部分否定，也称半否定。具有总括意义的代词(each，everybody，everyth
27、ing，all，both 等)、形容词(complete，whole 等)和副词(completely，always，wholly，altogether 等)与否定词 not 连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”。而 no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，no more，no longer 等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成了全部否定。完成句子I agree with most of what you said,but I dont agree witheverything(并非同意你讲的全部)句型转换Both of the two math prob
28、lems are not very difficult.Not both of the two math problems are very difficult.Not all of them were allowed to go there.(变为全部否定)None of them were allowed to go there.课文里的高考根据课文内容，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。At 3：42 am.everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world was at an end！Eleven kilometr
29、es directly(direct)below the city，the greatest(great)earthquake of the 20th century had begun.It was felt in Beijing，which is more than two hundred kilometres away.One third of the nation felt it.A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses，roads and canals.St
30、eam burst from holes in the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay(lie)in ruins.The suffering of the people was(be)extreme.Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.Thousands of families were killed and many children(child)wer
31、e left without parents.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.Then，later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan.More buildings fell down.Water，food，and electricity were hard to get(get)People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.话题写作假如你是 China
32、Daily 的一名记者，负责报道某地一次强烈的地震情况。请根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文。1夜里，一切都开始摇晃，世界似乎到了末日；2有人受伤，有人被埋在废墟下；3很快士兵被派遣到那里，运来了食品和饮用水；4全城又恢复了生机。注意：1.请根据以上要点写一篇 50 词左右的短文；2.尽量使用本单元的知识点；3.可适当增加细节。范文One night，everything began to shake，with the pipes burst and the electricity cut down.It seemed as if the world was at an end.Some peop
33、le were injured；others were buried in the ruins.A number of trapped people waited for the rescue.All hope was not lost.The soldiers were soon sent there.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped out.Food and fresh water were taken to the city by plane，train and truck.Slowly，the city began to breat
34、he again.第 4 讲 双宾语结构构 成主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语构成这种类型的双宾语结构的动词主要有 give，tell，teach，write，bring，promise，lend，hand，show，offer，send，pay，pass，award，allow 等。动词后的间接宾语可以用一个介词 to 引导的短语来表示方向。1.He主语handed谓语me间接宾语a book.直接宾语2.He主语handed谓语a book直接宾语to me.方向句型转换(用 to 来引出间接宾语)1He gave me some beautiful pictu答案：He gave some be
35、autiful pictures to me.2He handed the teacher the purse(wallet)答案：He handed the purse(wallet)to the teacher.3She told the students an interesting story.答案：She told an interesting story to the students.4We will show you her handwriting.答案：We will show her handwriting to you.5Will you offer me this precious opportunity?答案：Will you offer this precious opportunity to me?6Youd better write me a letter as soon as you get there.答案：Youd better write a letter to me as soon as you get there.