1、Period 3 GrammarUnit 4 Life on MarsA Using adverbial clauses or simple sentencesWe can rewrite some adverbial clauses in simple sentenceswith prepositional phrases beginningwith at the age of,because of and without.Neil Armstrong received his student pilots licence when he was16.Neil Armstrong recei
2、ved his student pilots licence at the ageof 16.People might float in space because the gravity is low.People might float in space because of the low gravity.Humans cannot survive if there is no food,water or oxygen.Humans cannot survive without food,water or oxygen.温馨提示：此符号表示“考点精讲点拨”链接。Learning abou
3、t outer spaceDaniel is writing about visiting another planet.Help himrewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.1.Neil Armstrong took his first flight when he was only six.(atthe age of)_Neil Armstrong took his first flight at the age of six.2.Yuri Gagarin became the first man to go into oute
4、r space atthe age of 27.(when)_3.People might move to another planet in the future becausethe population on the Earth is increasing rapidly.(becauseof)_Yuri Gagarin became the first man to go into outer space when he was 27.People might move to another planet in the future because of the rapid incre
5、ase in the population on the Earth.4.If there is no fresh food,meals will not be as tasty as they aretoday.(without)_5.It would be funny to play football on Mars because of the lowgravity.(because)_Without fresh food,meals will not be as tasty as they are today.It would be funny to play football on
6、Mars because the gravity is low.6.Without special boots,you cannot walk on Mars.(if.not)_If you do not wear special boots,you cannot walk on Mars.B Using object clauses or simple sentencesWe can rewrite some object clauses in simple sentences withprepositions like of and about.The smell of the pills
7、 reminds them that food on the Earth istasty.The smell of the pills reminds them of the tasty food on theEarth.Are they sure that space travel will be very fast?Are they sure about the fast speed of space travel?About the planet MarsMillie knows little about the planet Mars.She isaskingDanielformore
8、information.RewriteMillies sentences using the words in brackets.Millie:(1)Are you aware how far Mars is away from theSun?Daniel:Yes.Mars is about 142,000,000 miles away fromthe Sun.It takes Mars about two Earth years tocircle around the Sun once.Millie:(2)Are scientists in agreement that living on
9、Marswould be possible for humans in the future?Daniel:No.But theyre working hard to learn more aboutMars.名词possibility Millie:(3)Do they think that the low gravity on Mars might be a problem?Daniel:Yes,they do.Millie:(4)Are you aware what transport could be like on Mars?Daniel:It could be much bette
10、r than that on the Earth.However,scientists arent sure whether people could grow plants on Mars.Millie:(5)I wonder how many people would like to move to Mars.(6)Ithink people should know that life on Mars would be differentfrom that on the Earth.1.Are you aware _(distance)?2.Do scientists agree _ _(
11、possibility)?3.Have they thought _(problem)?4.Are you aware _(transport)?of the distance between Mars and the Sunabout/with the possibility of living on Marsfor humans in the futureabout the problem of the low gravity on Marsof the transport on Mars5.I wonder _ _(number).6.I think people should know
12、 _ _(differences).about the number of people who would like to moveto Marsthe differences between life on Marsand that on the EarthC Using defining relative clauses or simple sentencesWe can rewrite some defining relative clauses in simple sentenceswith prepositions like with and in.People might liv
13、e in houses which have huge comfortable rooms.People might live in houses with huge comfortable rooms.On Mars you might see people who wear special boots.On Mars you might see people in special boots.C1 Simon is writing about Mars.Rewrite the defining relative clauses in simple sentences with the pr
14、eposition with or in.1.Mars is a planet that has an environment similar to that of the Earth.2.Astronauts who wear space suits and helmets might stay on Mars for hours.3.It is difficult to breathe on a planet that has much thinner air than that on the Earth.4.On Mars there might be people who carry
15、air tanks on their backs.C2 Simon is interested in stories about aliens.He even writes to aliens.Replace each of the underlined parts in his letter with anotherexpression.Dear aliens,Humans are thinking about moving to another planet(1)because thepollution on the Earth is very serious.Many people ar
16、e in no doubt(2)that life on Mars would be very interesting,but I am not sure.We could not play football on Mars(3)because of the low gravity.Life would be boring for me(4)if I could not play football.Maybethis problem could be solved by building indoor playgrounds(5)which have the same football fie
17、lds as those on the Earth.By the way,would strangers be welcome?I hope to hearfrom you soon.SimonHumans cannot survive without food,water oroxygen.without prep.没有；不和在一起e.g.Tony always goes out without a cap inwinter.托尼冬天外出总是不戴帽子。He went out without saying a word.他一句话没有说就出去了。考点 without是个兼类词，常用作介词，主要意
18、思有“没有，毫无，不(反义词是with)；如果没有，要没有(表示条件)；不，没有(后面接名词)”。中考在线：Thanks to the video Visiting the World Online,we can enjoy the sights _ leaving home.龙东A.with B.by C.without C【点拨】考查介词辨析。句意：多亏了在线访问世界这个视频,我们足不出户就能欣赏到美景。with用；by由,通过；without没有。由句意可知选C。返回 温馨提示：可返回原文 用介词短语把状语从句转换成简单句 由when,before,after等引导的时间状语从句,可以用
19、合适的介词短语来代替。e.g.Well play football when school is over.Well play football after school.放学后我们要踢足球。考点1 简单句和复合句之间的转换(二)You must wash your hands before you have meals.You must wash your hands before meals.饭前必须洗手。由if,unless引导的条件状语从句,可改为由without构成的介词短语。e.g.People cant live if there is no air or water.Peopl
20、e cant live without air or water.没有空气和水,人类不能生存。由because引导的原因状语从句,可改为由because of构成的介词短语。e.g.We didnt go there because it rained heavily.We didnt go there because of the heavy rain.由于下大雨,我们没有去那里。(as.)as引导的比较状语从句,有时可改为“be ofthe same+名词”结构。e.g.Lily is as old as Lucy.Lily and Lucy are of the same age.莉莉和
21、露西一样大。中考在线：Mr.White began collecting coins when he was fifteen.(改为简单句)乌鲁木齐Mr.White began collecting coins _ the _ of fifteen.at age【点拨】原句中的when he was fifteen相当于at the age of fifteen。用介词把宾语从句转换成简单句某些动词后的宾语从句,可以用介词加名词、代词或动名词(短语)转换成简单句。e.g.He insisted that he should go with us.He insisted on going wit
22、h us.他坚持要和我们一起去。考点2 The poor boy doesnt know when and where he wasborn.The poor boy doesnt know the time and the placeof his birth.那个可怜的男孩不知道他出生在何时、何地。用介词把定语从句转换成简单句。如果定语从句中的谓语动词have表示“有”的含义,从句可转换成with短语作后置定语。e.g.He is a man who has a lot of money.He is a man with a lot of money.他是个有钱人。考点3 1.A squar
23、e has four sides but a c has no sides.2.I am a hundred percent in a with you.3.We must accept the p that we might be wrong.4.After being away for so long,he feels like an a in his own country now.5.Sorry,I dont know.Im a s here myself.一、根据句意及所给首字母提示写单词irclegreementossibilitylientranger6.我的祖母十七岁就结婚了。
24、My grandmother got married _ seventeen.7.由于下雨,我们的野餐计划失败了。Our picnic plan went wrong _ the rain.二、根据所给汉语完成下列句子at the age of/when she wasbecause of8.我或许可以早一点到。It _ to get there earlier.9.它使我想起了以前我犯的一些错误。It _ the mistakes I had made before.10.你确定要他做你的终生伴侣吗？_ that you want him for your partner for life?
25、might be possible for mereminded me ofAre you sure11.The boy cant come to school because he is ill.The boy cant come to school _.12.The photos remind me that I travelled to the UK five years ago.The photos remind me _ my trip to the UK five years ago.三、语法专练because of his illnessof13.Here comes a tal
26、l man who has a book under his arm.Here comes a tall man _.14.On Mars you might see people who wear special boots.On Mars you might see people _.with a book under his armin special boots15.I cant work out the maths problem if you dont help me.I cant work out the maths problem _.16.If I dont have a r
27、est,I cant walk further.I cant walk further _.without your helpwithout a rest17.He could not go to the party because he had much homework.He could not go to the party _.18.Are you certain that Tom is worrying about the easy exam?Are you certain _?because of much homeworkabout Toms worry about the ea
28、sy exam19.We prefer to stay in a hotel room which has a sea view.We prefer to stay in a hotel room _.20.The man who wears a black jacket is my uncle.The man _ is my uncle.with a sea viewin a black jacket根据课文内容补全下列对话。A:How do you like l 21 on Mars,Eddie?B:At the beginning I l 22 it very much because
29、it made me feel excited.But now I really h 23 it.四、补全对话ifeiked/lovedateA:Why?B:I cant g 24 to my food because I must wear this helmet.That makes me f 25 really bad.A:Do you like the food here?B:No.All the food is in the f 26 of p 27 and its not as delicious as it is on the Earth.eteelormillsA:Is there anything b 28 on Mars than on the Earth?B:Let me see.Oh,yes.There is no p 29 here and r 30can help us with our homework.A:Thats really wonderful!etterollutionobots本节课主要学习了以下知识点,请同学们及时巩固练习：circle,agreement,possibility,stranger,outerspace