1、【考向解读】 定语从句是指在句中作定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。定语从句的考查历年都是高考的重点，关联词的选择是高考的主要考点，定语从句中对which的考查是重中之重。 【命题热点突破一】 关系代词引导的定语从句 例1(2015高考安徽卷，T28)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _ school education depends. Ait Bthat Cwhose Dwhich 答案：D【异混易错】as和which引导定语从句的区别 as引导非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前
2、，又可在主句后,有时还可插入主句中，as常译为“正如,正像”.从句的谓语动词多为see,know,Expect,say,mention,report等. The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。 which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系。 Mo Yan was awarded the N
3、obel Prize for Literature in 2012，which made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。 【变式探究】 The number of smokers， _ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. Ait Bwhich Cwhat Das 解析：考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意:正如所报道的,烟民的数量仅仅在一年内就下降了17%。as作为关系代词，
4、 引导非限制性定语从句，位置非常灵活，可位于主句前、主 句后，也可位于主句中间。which引导非限制性定语从句时位于主句之后。 答案：D【异混易错】(1)whom，which，that在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that。(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such，so，as或the same等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。(3)定语从句中的主谓一致：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致。“(the) one of复数名词”后接定语从句时，当先行词为“one of复数名词”时，从句的谓语动词用复数；当先行词为“the(
5、only/very/right) one of复数名词”时，从句的谓语动词用单数。【命题热点突破二】 关系副词引导的定语从句 1首先判断是不是定语从句。如果是定语从句就要找准先行词；选用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词.及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；而不及物动词则 要求用关系副词。 2准确判断先行词在从句中的成分(主、宾、定、表、状),才能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。如果先行词在从句中作 主语、宾语、定语，选择关系代词(which，that，who， whom，whose)；如果先行词在从句中作状语，选择关系副词(when，where，why)。熟练掌握每个关系词的用法是解
6、题 的关键。 例2(2015高考北京卷，T24)Opposite is St.Pauls Church,_ you can hear some lovely music. Awhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhere 答案：D【变式探究】In countries_many different languages are spoken，English is often used as an official language to help people communicate. Awhere Bwhen Cwhy Dwhich 解析：考查定语从句。句意：在一些说多种语言的国家里，英语经常
7、作为官方语言来帮助人们交流。关系副词where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词countries。 答案：A【命题热点突破三】 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词关系代词”考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词”。介词的确定有以下三种方式： 1依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。 I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved.我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有钱。(spend.on.) 2依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。 Care of the soul is a gradual p
8、rocess in which even the small details of life should be considered. 心灵的关爱是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中即使是细微的 生活细节都应该被考虑在内。(in.process) 3依据所表达的意思来确定。 The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.这种无色气体就是氧气，离了它我们不能活。 例3(2015高考重庆卷，T14)He wrote many childrens books,nearly half of _ were published
9、in the 1990s. Awhom Bwhich Cthem Dthat 答案：B【变式探究】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，_uses it differently. Aall of which Beach of which Call of them Deach of them 解析：考查定语从句及主谓一致。句意：英语是一种被好几种不同文化共享的语言，每种文化都用不同的方式使用它。首先根据空格后的uses使用的是一般现在时的第三人称单数形式可知，空格处需用单数名词或代词，可从B、D两项中选择(A项和C项中的
10、all暗示空格后用use)； 再根据uses是谓语动词知空格处是主语，只有B项each of which能作主语，由此本句构成了定语从句。若选D项each of them，空格前后两部分需用转折连词but连接,即构成buteach of them uses，或用独立主格结构each of them using it differently。 答案：B【命题热点突破四】特殊定语从句 在英语中，有许多从句，如主语从句、同 位 语从句以及强调句型与定语从句有许多相似之处。因此，命 题人会利用这些相似性，设置一个特定语境，来考查考生对这 些易混点的辨析能力。遇到这样的问题，我们的思路就是:抓住它们各自
11、的特征，结合语境去判断到底属于何种句型 或从句。 I have three cars，none of which is in good condition.(定语从句) I have three cars，but none of them is in good condition.(并列句) The suggestion that he came up with is practical.(定语从句，that在从句中充当宾语可省略) He gave me a suggestion that we should read aloud every morning.(同位语从句，that在从句中不作
12、成分,但不可省略) 例4、Well reach the sales targets in a month _we set at the beginning of the year. Awhich Bwhere Cwhen Dwhat 答案：A 【变式探究】Recently I have bought an iPad 6 on the website of T，_the price is very reasonable. Aon which Bin which Cof which Dfrom which 解析：句意：我最近在淘宝网买了一台iPad 6，它的价格非常合理。of表示所属关系，意为“的
13、”。of which the pricethe price of whichwhose price。 答案：C【高考真题解读】1.(2015江苏，21)The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.解析句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导的定语从句，在这里作主语，意为“正如，这一点”，代替整个主句的内容。答案as2.(2015湖南，29)It is a truly delightful place, looks the same as it must have d
14、one 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.解析句意：这真是一个令人开心的地方，它看起来和一百年前一模一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的小屋。which代替先行词place，在定语从句中用作主语，引导非限制性定语从句。不可用that。答案which3.(2015浙江，19)Creating an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.答案which4.(2015重庆，14)He wrote many childrens books,
15、 nearly half of were published in the 1990s.解析句意：他写了很多的儿童书，其中接近一半是在20世纪90年代出版的。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语。此处关系代词which代指前面的books，作介词of的宾语。答案which5.(2015四川，3)The books on the desk， covers are shiny，are prizes for us.解析考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。本题考查非限制性定语从句的连接词，先行词为the books，和covers之间是所有关系，
16、故用whose。答案whose6.(2015安徽，28)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.解析句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 考查定语从句。depend on/upon依靠，依赖，介词后只能用which或whom来构成定语从句的引导词， 先行词为物，故用which。答案which7.(2015福建，34)China Today attracts a worldwide readership， shows that more and more pe
17、ople all over the world want to learn about China.解析句意：中国日报吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，用which来引导。答案which8.(2014安徽，22)The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2013.解析考查定语从句。句意：Angela和她的家人一起呆在中国的那一年是2013年。先行词the exact year在定语从句中作spent的宾语且指物，故用which也可用that或省略。答案which/that/不填9.(2014北京，26)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week， my classmates recommended to me.答案which10.(2014山东，10)A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.解析考查定语从句。句意：利润来源于国内市场且在下降的公司可以到国外寻找机会。此处关系代词whose作定语。答案whose