1、江苏海门市2017高考英语一轮阅读理解选习附参考答案阅读理解。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.The paper, published this
2、March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other
3、questions.The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their fut
4、ure life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated w
5、ith a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote Frieder RLang, a professor at the University of ErlangenNuremberg.Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people
6、who expected a rosy future.“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施)，”the authors wrote.Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income wer
7、e associated with expecting a greater decline.Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.
8、However, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.1According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their
9、 future life satisfaction?AOptimistic adults. BMiddleaged adults.CAdults in poor health. DAdults of lower income.解析细节理解题。由文章第四段第一句话“The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately pr
10、edicted how they would feel in the future.”可知中年人可以更加精确地预测他们的未来。故选B项。答案B.2Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people_.Ato fully enjoy their present lifeBto estimate their contribution accuratelyCto take measures against potential risksDto value health more highly than wealth解析细节理解
11、题。由第六、七段中的关键信息“.people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions.”及“.contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施).”可知对未来持悲观态度的人会对他们的行动更加小心并且采取一些预防措施，故选C项。答案C.3How do people of higher income see their future?AThey will earn less money.BThey will become pessimi
12、stic.CThey will suffer mental illness.DThey will have less time to enjoy life.解析细节理解题。由第八段第一句话“Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.”可知工资高的人会预料他们未来工资的下降，故选A项。答案A.。4What
13、is the clear conclusion of the study?APessimism guarantees chances of survival.BGood financial condition leads to good health.CMedical treatment determines health outcomes.DExpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.解析推理判断题。由最后一段的最后一句话“We found that from early to late adulthood, indiv
14、iduals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，the authors concluded.”可知对未来生活满意度的预测随年龄的增长而下降。答案D.。【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(七)】CLove and compassion have no cultural boundaries and have reached China from other parts of the world since the disastrous e
15、arthquake hit on May 12.The American hiphop group Black Eyed Peas joined into assist relief efforts for earthquake victims.The band was originally invited to hold a promotional (宣传的) show for some beverage companies in Shanghai，but after the earthquake，the concert became a fundraiser.The artists als
16、o donated personal items，including a guitar，posters and CDs，to a charity auction.In the end，they helped raise nearly 6 million yuan.“We fell in love with China and the Chinese people when we visited here and so we wanted to do all we could to help the people in the aftermath (后果) of the earthquake，”
17、 one band member will.i.am said.Apart from AfricanAmerican will.i.am，Black Eyed Peas has three other members，Fergie，apl.de.ap and Taboo.Allen Pineda Lindo，also known as apl.de.ap，possesses a blood mixture.Jaime Gomez，or Taboo，is a Mexican and American Indian descendant，and Stacy Ferguson，or Fergie，i
18、s a native Californian.Their breakthrough album，Elephunk，was released in 2003.The antiwar song Where Is the Love became their first major hit，topping the charts almost everywhere else，and was the bestselling single of 2003 in the UK.Perhaps their various backgrounds provide them with wonderful capab
19、ility to produce inventive music，by mixing hiphop，R&B and jazz.Along with the positive lyrics and lively shows，Black Eyed Peas has gained devoted fans worldwide.“We were just thinking of good songs，good music，” will.i.am admitted，“We didnt want to say anything typical，like my style is this，and my rh
20、ymes are like that.”Fergie added，“This group is just totally open to new ideas and directions.”36Black Eyed Peas was invited to China _ at first.Ato attend the charity auctionBto advertise for drinking companies in ShanghaiCto give shows to raise money for the earthquakehit areasDto promote their fi
21、rst album，Elephunk37Who is a pure American by origin?Aapl.de.ap. Bwill.i.am.CFergie. DTaboo.38Which of the following is NOT true?ABlack Eyed Peas donated nearly 6 million yuan to the earthquakehit areas.BBlack Eyed Peas became famous by their antiwar song Where Is the Love.CBlack Eyed Peas doesnt be
22、long to any present music style.DBlack Eyed Peas won their followers by their lively performance.39The best title of this passage is _.AThey Found the LoveBBlack Eyed PeasCMixing Blood Creates Inventive MusicDLove and Compassion40In the passage，the attitude of the writer towards Black Eyed Peas is _
23、.Aobjective BnegativeCappreciative Dcomplicated36B细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The band was originally invited to hold a promotional(宣传的) show for some beverage companies in Shanghai.”可知B项为正确答案。37C细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句中的“.Stacy Ferguson，or Fergie，is a native Californian.”可知C项为正确答案。38A细节理解题。根据第三段“The artists also donate
24、d personal items，including a guitar，posters and CDs，to a charity auction(拍卖)In the end，they helped raise nearly 6 million yuan.”可知A项错误，其他选项均可在文中找到依据。39A标题概括题。本文主要讲述的是黑眼豆豆在中国所做的善事，因此标题应将黑眼豆豆及其善行联系起来，结合选项可知A项正确。40C推理判断题。从文中所选用的“wonderful，positive，lively”等极富感情色彩的词汇及本文的语言色彩可推知作者所持的是赞赏的态度。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个
25、选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。【2013界广东省三模】Mark Rothko, one of the greatest painters of the twentieth century, was born in Daugavpils, Latvia in 1903. His family immigrated to the United States in 1913, after a 12-day voyage.Mark moved to New York in the autumn of 1923 and found employment in the garment trade
26、 and settled down on the Upper West Side. It was while he was visiting someone at the Art Students League that he saw students painting a model. According to him, this was the start of his life as an artist. He was twenty years old and had taken some art lessons at school, so his initial experience
27、was far from an immediate calling.In 1936, Mark Rothko began writing a book, which he never completed, about the similarities in the childrens art and the work of modern painters. The work of modernists, which was influenced by primitive art, could, according to him, be compared to that of children
28、in that “Child art transforms itself into primitivism, which is only the child producing a copy of himself.” In this same work, he said that “The fact that one usually begins with drawing is already academic. We start with color.”It was not long before his multiform developed into the style he is re
29、membered for. In 1949 Rothko exhibited these new works at the Betty Parsons Gallery. For reviewer Harold Rosenberg, the paintings were unique and primitive. Rothko had, after painting his first multiform, separated himself from the world in East Hampton on Long Island, only inviting a very few peopl
30、e, including Rosenberg, to view the new paintings. The discovery of his works specialty came at a period of great sorrow: his mother Kate died in October 1948. As part of this new uniformity of artistic vision, his paintings no longer had individual titles. From this point on they were simply untitl
31、ed, numbered or dated. However, to assist in distinguishing one work from another, traders would sometimes add the primary colors to the name. Additionally, for the next few years, Rothko painted in oil only on large vertical tents. This was done to surround the viewer, or, in his words, to make the
32、 viewer feel enveloped within the picture.68. When did Rothko want to be an artist?A. When he immigrated to the U.S.A. B. When he watched students drawing.C. When he moved to the Upper West Side. D. When he joined the Art Students League.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据It was while he was visiting someone at the A
33、rt Students League that he saw students painting a model. According to him, this was the start of his life as an artist.当他看见学生画画的时候，故选B。69. What did Rothko think of modern art?A. It could be produced by children. B. It could be compared to child work.C. It was a certain kind of primitive art. D. It
34、was academic from the very beginning.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据about the similarities in the childrens art and the work of modern painters.儿童艺术与现代艺术的有相似点，故选B。70. Why does the author mention Rothkos uncompleted book?A. To prove Rothkos concentration on painting.B. To show Rothkos research on the modern art.C.
35、 To suggest Rothkos unique personal painting style.D. To explain the inspiration of Rothkos painting style.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据It was not long before his multiform developed into the style he is remembered for.提出他的独特绘画风格，故选C。71. Rothkos distinctive style _.A. took shape in 1948 B. was affected by Rosen
36、bergC. resulted from his boyhood experienceD. was rooted in the separation from the world【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据The discovery of his works specialty came at a period of great sorrow: his mother Kate died in October 1948.他的独特风格的形成是在1948年。【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(七)】DIn many Asian countries，the left hand is conside
37、red unclean.Historically，lefthanded people have been given a hard time in the West as well.In some European languages，for instance，words for “left” are derived from words that mean “weak”，“evil”，etc.Nowadays，fortunately，the greatest difficulty lefties have is always speculated about why so many peop
38、le are lefties.The old theory of handedness suggests that humans are largely righthanders as a matter of convenience.In ancient times，mothers could have gotten into the habit of holding babies on their left sides in order to soothe (安慰) them with the sound of a beating heart.As a result，the only han
39、d available for performing other tasks would have been the right.With the recent research，many scientists have turned to a genetic model to explain handedness.To put it simply，you either have the gene for being a righty，or you do not.This theory still needs to be refined，as it does not account for t
40、he fact that twothirds of all lefties are born to righthanded parents，or that identical twins sometimes favor opposite hands.Another theory，based on studies of chimpanzees (黑猩猩)，suggests that handedness is related to birth order.Scientists have long been aware that the firstborn and lastborn chimpan
41、zees in a family are more likely to suffer from developmental problems.These chimps are also the most likely to be lefthanded.The implication is that if something goes wrong before the chimpanzee is born，this might be reflected later in its hand preference.Does this mean that lefties are more closel
42、y related to chimpanzees than the rest of us? Certainly not.What is interesting to note，however，is that without the bias towards the right in the human brain，there is more unusual brain organization.This correlates (与有关系) to more lefthanded people occupying top and bottom places on the scale of huma
43、n ability，and fewer in the middle.As a result，lefties are more likely than righthanders to be musicians，members of highIQ societies，and US.presidents.41Nowadays lefties may feel uncomfortable because _.Athe left hand is considered uncleanBpeople who use left hand are considered weak or even evilCthe
44、 ordinary tools are not convenient for them to useDlefties are considered less intelligent than righthanders42If a man is lefthanded，his brain _.Ais more similar to the brain of chimpanzeesBis the same as the brains of righthanded peopleChas more unusual brain organization than that of the righthand
45、ersDhas developed better than any righthanded peoples brain43Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?AScientists have managed to explain peoples lefthanded habit by a genetic model.BThe old theory of handedness is not reasonable.CSo far，no theory has completely explained handedne
46、ss.DLefties can be more likely to become successful.44It can be concluded from the studies of chimpanzees about handedness that _.Athere are more lefties in chimpanzees familyBthe handedness of chimpanzees is most likely related with humansCdevelopmental problems before the birth of chimpanzees will
47、 influence their handednessDlefthanded chimpanzees may be less intelligent45How many explanations about lefties are referred to in the passage?A3. B4. C5. D6.41C细节理解题。从原文第一段可知，在历史上有的地区左手被认为不洁净，有的地区将使用左手看作软弱，甚至邪恶。但现在，左撇子感到不自在是因为许多工具都专为右手设计。42C细节理解题。阅读第五段可知，人类大脑中如果缺乏“右”的倾向，就会有更多与众不同的脑部组织，C项正确。43A推断理解题。这道题涉及的内容较多，需仔细阅读全文。通过阅读可知，到目前为止，仍没有一个权威论证解释左撇子的用手习惯问题，故A项与原文不符，为正确选项。44C推理判断题。参考第四段科学家对黑猩猩的研究，可以看出，黑猩猩在出生前的发育问题，会反映在它以后惯用手的偏好上，C项正确。45B细节理解题。本文共有4种理论支撑，从2、3、4、5段可以得知。