1、2014-2015学年高中英语（青海）同步教案（8）：Unit 3 Inventors and inventions（人教新课标选修8）英语高二下人教版新课标选修8 Unit 3-课时教案（文化背景知识）I. 语法: 过去分词作定语1. 过去分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。表示被动和完成意义,其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如：Where are the reserved seats? (=Where are the seats which have been reserved?)预定的座位在哪里？The injured workers are
2、 now being taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的工人现正在医院受到很好的照料。We needed much more qualified workers.我们需要更多合格的工人。 My friend is a returned student. 我的朋友是个归国留学生。2. 过去分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如：The funds raised (= which have been raised) are mainly
3、 used for helping the homeless. 筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night? 昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?This book, written (= which is written) in simple English, is suitable for beginners.
4、本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。The student dressed in white is my daughter. =The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. 穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。3. 过去分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如：The newly-built building is our office building.这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。This is a state-owned factory. 这是一家国营工厂。This is our school-run factory. 这是我
5、们的校办工厂。4. 有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。例如：There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.秋天有许多落叶。The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man.这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。常用的这一类词有：fallen, faded, returned, retired, risen, grown up, vanished等。5. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no +
6、thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如：Is there anything unsolved? 还有没解决的问题吗？ There is noting changed here since I left this town.自从我离开这个城镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。6. 过去分词作定语时与定语从句的关系：(1) 及物动词的过去分词可改为动词为被动形式的定语从句。lost timetime which is lost a well-known writera writer who is well- known
7、a beaten teama team which is beaten(2) 部分不及物动词的过去分词作定语时可改为动词为完成式或动词为表示状态的定语从句。a returned soldiera soldier who has returnedretired workersworkers who have retireda learned mana man who is of much learninga sunken shipa ship which has sunk练习1. First he made a list of the names of those _. Then he bega
8、n to write the invitation cards.A. invitedB. being invitedC. to be invitedD. having been invited2. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being written D. written3. This method, _ in areas near Shanghai, _ in
9、a marked rise in total production.A. trying; resulting B. tried; resulted C. trying; resulted D. tried; resulting4. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing5. When I got back home I saw a
10、 message pinned to the door , _ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading6. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hung B. hangingC. hang D. being hung7. Next he is going to write a science story about outer space _ by Science and Technology Pre
11、ss.A. published B. being published C. to be published D. publishing8. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.A. 20 dollars remainedB. 20 dollars to remainC. remained 20 dollarsD. remaining 20 dollars9. The Yellow River, _ to be “the mother river”, runs across China like a hug
12、e dragon.A. saying B. to say 来源:学科网C. said D. being said10. The _ boy was last seen _ near the East Lake.A. missing; playingB. missing; playC. missed; played D. missed; to playKey: 1-5 CDBAD 6-10 BCDCAII. 文化背景知识Invention Year of InventionInventorAir Conditioning 1902Willis CarrierApple Lisa Computer
13、 1983AppleAtomic Bomb 1945J. Robert Oppenheimer leadingthe Manhattan Project team.Ball-Point Pen 1938Ladislo BiroMobile/Cellular Phones 1947/1979来源:Z*xx*k.ComMultiModern Computers 1936-presentMultiComputer Game 1962MITSteve RussellComputer Mouse 1964Douglas EngelbartElectric Chair1888Thomas EdisonDr
14、ive-In Movie Theater1933Richard M. HollingsheadFiber Optics 1854-1970Maurer, Keck, Schultz Multi - Tyndall, Bell, Wheeler“Floppy” Disk 1971IBM Alan ShugartFountain Pen 1884Lewis Edson Waterman MultiInternet 1969MicrosoftMS-DOS 来源:学科网1981MicrosoftNeon 1902Georges ClaudeNetwork Computing1973Robert Met
15、calf XeroxRobots 1921-1956MultiWord Processors 1960s to 79MultiYo-Yo 1929MultiZippe1851-1917Gideon SundbackWhitcomb JudsonIII. The Invention Convention Steps for StudentsCan you invent something? Can you think of an idea or invention that will help people?Read the five steps below. They will help yo
16、u to become an inventor. Then bring your idea or invention to the Invention Convention.Step 1 Learning about Inventors Learn about inventors. Read about them in books. Talk to people about them.Step 2 Finding an Idea Think about something people need in order to make life better. Talk to people abou
17、t something they would like to be changed. Then tell your teacher about it on a special sheet of paper called “My New Idea.”Step 3 Research and Planning Use your plan to make an invention. Or write about how your invention would help to solve a problem. Be sure to follow science safety rules when yo
18、u make an invention.Step 4 Developing and Testing Test your invention or your plan. Make sure it works and is safe to use. Tell about your invention. You may want to draw a picture of it. Use the sheet called My Invention.Step 5 Attending the Invention Convention Get your invention or plan ready for the Invention Convention. Try to make it look as good as you can. Learn all you can about how it works and what it is good for. Bring it to the Invention Convention. Be ready to answer questions.