1、Book 4Unit 11The Media1demand vt. & vi.要求，需要；n.要求，需要；所要求的事物归纳拓展(1) demand to do.要求做demand that.要求（从句中应用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可省略）（2）in demand非常需要satisfy/meet ones demands满足某人的需求Driven by a greater demand for vegetables，farmers have built more greenhouses.受到对蔬菜更大需求量的驱使，农民们建了更多的暖棚。活学活用(1)He demands
2、_ the editors.他要求见编辑。(2)It is impossible to _.满足你所有的要求是不可能的。 (3)My demand is that the information referred to in my report_ to Mr.Brown without delay.Ais emailed Bwill be emailedCbe emailed Demailed2announce v宣布；通知_ n通告；宣布归纳拓展(1)In a loud and clear voice，the master of ceremonies announced that my cl
3、ass was next.(2010山东，完形填空)仪式主持人用洪亮和清晰的声音宣布了我们班下一个表演。(2)They announced their engagement in “The Times”他们在泰晤士报上宣布了订婚的消息。活学活用(1)用announce的适当形式填空Entering the classroom，our headteacher _ (宣布) that he had an _ (通告) to make. His good news was that it had been _ (宣布) by the school that we would have an eigh
4、t days holiday to celebrate the National Day as well as the Midautumn Festival. He also _ (通告) to us that we would have to finish all the homework the teachers had given us.(2)Footsteps_ her return.Aannounced BdeclaredCpronounced Dexclaim3blame v责备；谴责；把归咎于；n.过失；责备归纳拓展blame sb.for.因而责备某人；把归咎于某人blame
5、sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for)应承担责任；该受责备(用主动形式表被动意义)accept/bear/take the blame for.对某事负责；承担责任put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把责任推到身上(1)Youve failed to do what you will be expected to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.你未能做到大家期望你做到的事情，恐怕老师会责备你的。(2)The other driver kept trying to put the bl
6、ame on me.另一个司机竭力想把责任往我身上推。活学活用(1)用blame的相关短语填空He was _ (因被责备) the accident，but he _ (把它归咎于) others.In fact，it is he，not others，that _ (该为此承担责任) it.(2)_ for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits.ABlaming BBlamedCTo blame DTo be blamed4.employ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等)_ n雇主_ n雇
7、员_ n雇用归纳拓展employ.as.雇用某人作/把当作来使用employ oneself in (doing) sth.be employed in doing sth.从事于，忙于（做）某事out of employment失业But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.(2009浙江，阅读理解E)但事实上这个大学雇用了她，让她接管DNA研究项目。活学活用(1)His mother is _ a shop assistant.他母亲受雇于一家商店做店员。(2)How do you _？你怎样利用你的
8、业余时间？(3)He _ writing a new book these days.这些日子他一直忙于写一本新书。(4)The children were employed_ the garden.Aweed BweedingCto weed Din weeding5certain pron.某些(个)；adj.确信的，有把握的归纳拓展It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers(生产商) follow certain uniform standards for various features of clothes. (2010重庆
9、，阅读理解C)服装生产商遵循为各种款式的衣服所设的统一的标准，这一点是不足为奇的。活学活用(1)_，we are all responsible for this tragic situation.我们都在一定程度上对这悲惨的局面负有责任。(2)Can you draw Harry a map just to _ hell find the hotel?你能给哈里画张地图以确保他能找到那家旅馆吗？(3)It is_that our team will win the match.Asure BcertainCsurely Dcertainly6respect vt. & n尊敬；尊重；敬意_
10、adj.有礼貌的；恭敬的_ adj.体面的；值得尊敬的归纳拓展Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.(2010江西，阅读理解C)今天这两个人都比他们活着时更受尊敬。活学活用(1)He _ a great leader.他被尊称为一位伟大的领导。(2)He asked us to write an article in_ of air pollution caused by the nearby factories.Ahonor BsearchCrespect Dcharge(3)In a
11、 way，I think we both wonI won the game but you won my_.Asupport BfavourCrespect Dimpression7approach vt.&vi.接近，靠近；要求；对付；n.靠近，接近；态度，方法归纳拓展(1)On approaching them，we saw it was a mother whale with her baby.(2010湖北，阅读理解A)当我们靠近时发现，这是一个鲸妈妈带着她的孩子。(2)We heard the sound of an approaching car.我们听见一辆车驶近的声音。活学活
12、用(1)In the lecture，the famous lecturer referred to three different _ to the study of physics.Ameans BmethodsCways Dapproaches(2)用means，way，method，manner，approach的适当形式填空If he changes his _ of thinking，his teaching _ will present a new _ to foreign language teaching and by this _ the students will mak
13、e great progress，but his _ is disappointing.8.pretend v假装归纳拓展pretend to do sth.假装要做某事to be doing sth.假装正在做某事to have done sth.假装已做了某事pretend thatclause假装to be+n./adj.假装是+n.假装(1)Why did you pretend to like it？ (2010广东，语法填空)为什么你假装喜欢它？(2)She pretended to be busy.她假装很忙。(3)He pretended not to have heard a
14、bout it.他假装没听过此事。活学活用(1)用pretend的相关短语填空As Tom wasnt interested in his lessons，whenever there was an exam，he would _ (假装生病). Last week，he _ (假装头疼) when the teacher was going to give a quiz.He _ (假装疼得厉害). An hour later，when the quiz was finished，he _ (假装) have recovered.(2)When the boss came in，the wo
15、rkers pretended_ hard on their machines.(2011许昌模拟)Ato work Bto be workingCto have worked Dworking9stand for代表；象征；代替；容忍，忍受归纳拓展cant stand (for) sth./doing sth.不能忍受(做)某事stand by站在旁边；袖手旁观；支持stand out显著；突出where sb.stands (某人)的立场，意见In mathematics，the letter X stands for an unknown number.在数学中，字母X代表未知数。活学活
16、用(1)The new road sign is easy to read；the words _ well.新路标容易辨认，上面的字很醒目。(2)He has been acting very strangely these days.I cant_ his actions at all.(2011南阳月考)Aask for Baccount toCcall for Dstand for10in favour of支持归纳拓展活学活用(1)At present，one of the arguments _ the new airport is that it will bring a lot
17、 of jobs to the area. (2009江西，28)目前，赞成建新机场的理由之一是它将会给本地区带来大量的就业机会。(2)It is said that the famous businessman founded the charity_ his late wife.(2011许昌模拟)Ain place ofBin search ofCin memory ofDin support of11help out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难归纳拓展.the suppliers got to know me very well，and the personal relationship
18、s established really helped out.供应商逐渐地了解了我，并且建立的私人关系确实起了作用。活学活用(1)I cant _ the train was late.火车晚点，我也没办法。(2)His advice helped me _.他的建议帮我脱离了困境。(3)The passengers had a chat with the college students _ as conductors during the summer vacation.Ahelp out Bhelped outCto help out Dhelping out12.consist of
19、由组成归纳拓展注意：consist of无进行时，也无被动语态。(1)The brain consists of “grey matter” and “white matter”. 大脑由“灰物质”和“白物质”组成。(2)True education does not consist in simply teaching facts.真正的教育并不在于简单地讲授事实。活学活用(1)The world_ seven continents and four oceans.Amakes up of Bmakes out ofCis consisted of Dconsists of(2)North
20、America_ the United States，Canada and Mexico.(2010安庆月考)Ais made of Bis consisted ofCmakes up Dis made up of13People dont mind bad language on television as long as it is not used in programmes watched by children.译文：_句式提取：as long as.归纳拓展As long as you dont betray me，Ill do whatever you ask me to.只要你
21、不出卖我，要我做什么都可以。活学活用(1)_，well start working immediately.只要你答应我们的条件，我们将马上开始工作。(2)You may use the room as you like，_you clean it up afterwards.(2011合肥模拟)Aso far as Bas well asCas soon as Dso long as14However，not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.译文：_句式提取：not all.归纳拓展(1)
22、部分否定：all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，always，completely，all the time，whole，entirely，altogether等代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都、并非都”的意思。(2)全部否定用：no one，none，neither，nobody，nothing，以及not.any来表示。(不可以说any.not)All that glitters is not gold.闪光的东西不一定都是金子。活学活用(1)_ people believe so.并非所有的人都这么认为。(2)Th
23、e exam wasnt difficult at all，was it?No，but I dont believe_ could pass it.Asomebody BanybodyCeverybody Dnobody(3)I made a call to my parents yesterday.To my disappointment，_ of them answered it.Aeither BnoneCneither Dnobody15No matter what the government says，it is clear that the airport will also a
24、ffect our health.译文：_ 句式提取：no matter what.归纳拓展whatever的用法：（1）作连接代词，引导让步状语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，其含义相当于no matter what,意为“无论，不管”，其位置可在主句前，也可在主句后。（2）作连接代词，引导名词性从句(宾语从句或主语从句)。whatever在句中起双重作用，即起先行词与关系代词的作用，在从句中又作主语、宾语等。Whatever reason you have，you should carry out a promise.无论你有什么理由，你都应该遵守诺言。活学活用(1)_无论发生什么，都要保持镇
25、静。(2)You can choose _ in the shop.你可以在商店中选择任何你喜欢的东西。(3)_tomorrow，our ship will set sail for Macao.AHowever the weather is likeBHowever is the weather likeCWhatever is the weather likeDWhatever the weather is like答案Unit 11The Media课堂活动区1活学活用(1)to see(2)satisfy all your demands(3)Cdemand作主语，后面的表语从句中应用
26、(should)动词原形，故选C项。2announcement活学活用(1)announcedannouncementannouncedannounced(2)Aannounce此处指“报告或预示”。3活学活用(1)blamed forblamed it onis to blame for(2)B此句中Alice是Blamed的逻辑主语，源于blame sb.for.结构，是过去分词短语作状语。故选B项。4employeremployeeemployment活学活用(1)employed as(2)employ your spare time(3)has been employed in(4)
27、Dbe employed in doing sth.忙于做某事，固定搭配。5活学活用(1)To a certain extent(2)make sure/certain(3)B表达“确信，肯定”时用sure，不用it作形式主语。It is certain that.意为“当然”，符合句意。C、D选项为副词，不可用于此句型。6respectfulrespectable活学活用(1)is respected as(2)C句意为：他叫我们写一篇关于附近工厂引起空气污染的文章。in respect of关于，固定用法。(3)C句意为：在某种程度上，我认为我们两个都赢了，我赢了比赛，你赢得了我的尊敬。r
28、espect尊敬，符合句意。7活学活用(1)D在这四个选项中与介词to搭配的只有approach。故选D项。(2)waymethodapproachmeansmannermeans，way，method，manner，approach(1)means指为达到一个目的或产生某种结果而采用的方法、手段。(2)way是最普通、最常用的词，可以指一切“方法、办法”。(3)method是指理论的或系统的方法，有时是针对某个具体问题而采用的特殊方法，常与with连用。(4)manner指特殊的或怪异的方式、方法，与动作有关。(5)approach常与to搭配，指从事某事的特别方法、途径。8活学活用(1)
29、pretend that he was ill/pretend to be illpretended a headachepretended to be suffering great painpretended to(2)B句意为：当老板进来时，工人们假装正在机器上努力工作。pretend to be doing sth.假装正在做某事，符合句意。9活学活用(1)stand out(2)D句意为：这些天他行为古怪，我根本不能容忍他的行为。stand for忍受，容忍。10活学活用(1)in favour of(2)C句意为：据说那个著名的商人建立慈善机构是为了纪念他已故的妻子。in memo
30、ry of纪念。11活学活用(1)help it that(2)out of the difficulty(3)Dhelping out 是现在分词作定语，相当于who were helping out。句意为：乘客们同那几个在暑假临时帮忙充当列车员的大学生聊天。12活学活用(1)D句意为：世界由七大洲和四大洋组成。consist of由组成，不能用于被动语态；A项应为be made up of结构；B项不对。故选D。(2)Dconsist of不能用于被动语态；be made up of由组成，为正确答案。13人们并不介意某些低俗的语言在电视上出现，只要不出现在儿童节目上。活学活用(1)As
31、 long as you accept our conditions(2)D后半句句意为：只要你用后把它打扫干净。14然而，并非所有的广告都是为了赢利而推销商品和进行服务。活学活用(1)Not all(2)C答句句意为：是的，但是我认为并不是每一个人都能通过考试。not.everybody部分否定。(3)Cneither表全部否定，即两人中没有一个人接电话。15无论政府怎么说，机场也会影响我们的健康是显而易见的。活学活用(1)Keep calm，whatever happens.(2)whatever you like(3)DBook 4Unit 11The Media.语境填词1The ne
32、w government made many needed _(改革) and try to _(改造)criminals rather than punish them.2Owing to _(广泛的) financial crisis, there is much unemployment.Many _(雇工，员工)have to go home.3Some _(申请人)are filling in the form.They will _(申请) for the important position in that company. 4.He _(假装)that he was _(无罪的
33、；清白的)of the crime.5We have lively discussions on how to make _(贡献) to our country which pleasantly _(用掉，利用) our time and our thoughts.选词填空1That chair is _；move it please.2Her family lived a long way away, and she had no one to _.3She slapped him and called him names, but he didnt _.4We havent discus
34、sed the matter _ yet, so well have another meeting.5The team _ four Europeans and two Americans.完成句子1我想说的是这是你甩掉他的唯一办法。What I want to say is _ to get rid of him.2并不是所有的学生都想去那里。_ are willing to go there.3我要是知道真相就不会责备儿子了。I _ my son if I had known the truth.4飓风来了，造成重大损失。The hurricane came, _.单项填空1It rai
35、ned heavily in the south，_serious flooding in several provinces.(天津高考)Acaused Bhaving causedCcausing Dto cause2Since_of them dont drink, a bottle of wine will be enough.Anone BallCnobody Devery one3Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy_. Awould have been savedBhad
36、 been savedCwill be savedDwas saved4It has been very hot and dry.Yes.If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables_.Awouldnt die Bdidnt dieChadnt died Dwouldnt have died5Faced with a problem, you have to_it first, and then try to find a solution.Aresemble Bsubstitu
37、teCconcentrate Danalyze6The survey shows that speed_at least 30 percent of road traffic and deaths.Acontributes to Bresults fromClies in Danswers for7The workers pretended_hard at their machines when the boss came in.Ato work BworkingCto be working Dto have worked8The broken glass was_that a burglar
38、y took place. (2010合肥月考)Aevidence BsureCsignal Dannounced9Despite such a big difference in_towards what one eats，there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.Apoint Bidea Cattitude Dsight10Is that 911？A thief is in my house.OK.Help is_.Ain the way Bin its wa
39、yCon the way Dby the way11As he is doing a dangerous job, his parents_his safety.Aconcern themselves withBshow no concern aboutCare concerned aboutDare concerned with12Native Americans_about seven percent of the Californias population.Afill up Bbring upCmake up Dset up13Everyone in the class is expe
40、cted to_these discussions.Ashare BtakeCcontribute to Dparticipate in14Shes having a lot of trouble with the new computer, but she doesnt know whom to_.Aturn to Blook forCdeal with Dtalk about15Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?I dont mind where we go_theres sun，sea and beach.Aas if Bas l
41、ong asCnow that Din order that.完形填空New YorkAmerica has been experiencing the longest economic increase in its history.Incomes have risen，unemployment has _1_，and cities such as New York are _2_ with new office buildings.But just a short walk from Manhattans skyscrapers，George Brown，on the sidewalk，i
42、s cooking a lunch of rice and bits of fish _3_ a can of cooking fuel.Brown is _4_one of the 2.3 million people in the US who end up on the street.During the day，Brown _5_ aluminum cans and sells them for five cents a piece.At night，he sleeps on the street.“I have been on the street about eight or ni
43、ne years，_6_ like that，” said the 62yearold former construction worker.Brown _7_ hes had problem with alcohol and has smoked cocaine.But he says he still wants a more stable _8_ arrangement.He could _9_ it just with the money he earns by collecting cans and small pieces of metal，if only truly low in
44、come housing were _10_.However，he sees no _11_ of finding affordable housing in New York._12_ the strong economy and unemployment down，beautiful housing is being built to _13_ demand.A US report shows rents in New York City 14 more than 27 percent between 1984 and 1999，from $549 to $700 a month.One
45、of the _15_ effects of the strong economy is that rents have been going up.The _16_ of people who experience homelessness really just need some affordable housing help.But _17_ housing projects have been built for the poor.Many small apartments in the city now rent for $1,500 a month or more.Brown，t
46、he homeless New Yorker，says he has a daughter who lives in the city but he _18_ sees her.She is angry about his drinking and wont _19_ it in her house._20_，he says he has seven grandchildren whom hed like to see more often.1A.been raisedBrisenCfallenDincreased2A.burstBfullCburstingDfilling3A.aboveBo
47、nCoverDnear4A.hopelessBhelplessChomelessDfruitless5A.accumulatesBcollectsCobtainsDsearches6A.anythingBsomeCanyDsomething7A.assumesBassertsCadmitsDassesses8A.workingBstudyingCsleepingDhousing9A.affordBnot affordCnot buyDnot purchase10A.availableBaccessibleCadaptableDapproachable11A.hopeBsignCsceneDme
48、aning12A.WithBAsCWhileDIn13A.fulfillBmeetCleadDgive14A.went downBdecreasedCfellDrose15A.activeBpositiveCsideDeffective16A.majorityBmassesCcrowdDgroup17A.manyBquiteCfewDless18A.oftenBrarelyCneverDever19A.allowBagreeCapproveDinsist20A.SmileBSmilingCSmiledDTo smile.阅读理解Once there was a young woman who
49、didnt like her job. Everyday when she came home from work，she told her husband how terrible her day had been，how tiring the work and how unreasonable her boss. “Leave that job，” her husband told her.“Oh, I will，” she said.“But not yet.I have too many friends there for me to leave.”And so she remaine
50、d unhappy at work until the years became decades and her children had children. “Leave that job，” her grandchildren told her. “Oh，I will，”she said. “But not yet. There are only seven more years until I reach thirty years of service and can retire. So I cant just yet.”I know this woman. And her story
51、 reminds me of an old dog half asleep on a porch of a general store，moaning and groaning in the sun.“Why is your dog acting that way？” a customer asked the store owner. “Oh，” answered the man，“Hes lying on a nail.” “Well，why doesnt he move？”“Because its not hurting him bad enough.”Thats true for peo
52、ple，too. We convince ourselves the pain is not bad enough to leave the workplace we know. But were wrong. Prolonged work pain is continuing. Some work pain damages our selfesteem，kills our passion or destroys our dreams.Wilbur Wright once commented，“We could hardly wait to get up in the morning. I k
53、now that exhilarating feeling of being so passionate about something I was working on that I couldnt wait to get back to work. And people who are winning at working know that kind of passion，too.”They get excited about work. They offer their unique gifts and talents eagerly. And when things dont cha
54、nge as they sometimes will，they refuse to let environment hijack their selfesteem，passion or dreams.1The woman complained to her husband every day because _.Ashe didnt have enough money to support her familyBher boss criticized her for what she had doneCshe was not satisfied with her job at allDher
55、work was difficult and her boss was cruel2From the second paragraph we can know that the woman _.Aliked making friends with othersBloved all of her children very muchCleft her tiring job at lastDdid exactly the same job all along3The author mentioned the old dog in order to tell us that _.Ait was de
56、eply hurt by its ownerBthe woman is like the dog on the nailCit is tied firmly to a nail by its ownerDit should be injured badly enough4The underlined word “Prolonged” (in Paragraph 4) means _.Alasting BslightCserious Dhard5People who are getting along well with their work _.Ahave to get up early ev
57、ery dayBare not willing to go to workCneed more unique gifts and talentsDare likely to change with the situation.任务型读写Some people have the ideas that nothing can be done about their poor reading ability.They feel hopeless about it.Can you learn to read better, or must you agree that nothing can be d
58、one about it?To be sure, peoples abilities are different.You cannot expect to do everything as well as certain other people do.If all the students in a class tried out for basketball, some would be very good players; others would be very poor; and many would be in between.But even the very poor play
59、ers can become much better players if they are guided in the right way, and with plenty of practice.It is the same with reading.Some seem to enjoy reading and to read well without any special help.Others find reading a slow and tiring job.In between, there are all degrees of reading ability.Many exp
60、eriments have shown that just about every poor reader can improve his/her reading ability.Firstly, the poor readers were given tests of reading ability.Secondly, some of the causes of their poor reading were discovered, and then they were given special instruction and practice in reading.After a few
61、 months, another test of the same kind was given.In nearly all cases, these people had raised their reading scores.Different 1. _ about reading abilitySome people feel they cant do 2._ about poor reading.You can read better by 3._.4._ are different, but can be improvedSome people can play basketball
62、 well while others play badly.People can improve when guided by proper coaches and 5._ more.It is the same with reading.6._ of the experimentsTest readers reading ability.Discover the 7._ of poor reading.Teachers instruct these readers 8._.9._After a few months and in nearly all cases, these people
63、show 10._ ability.答案课外练习区.1.reformsreform2.widespreademployees3.applicantsapply 4.pretendedinnocent5.contributionsemploy.1.in the way2.turn to3.react4.in detail5.consists of.1.that this is the only way for you2.Not all the students3.wouldnt have blamed4.causing great damage.1C句意为：南方雨下得很大，结果造成了几个省严重被
64、淹。现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果。B项现在分词的完成时表示该动作发生在谓语动词之前，不符合逻辑，故选C项。2B句意为：既然他们不是都喝酒，一瓶葡萄酒足够了。all of them dont drink ( not all of them drink) 为部分否定，故B项正确。3A句意为：要是我早知道这个电脑程序的话，我就会节省大量的时间和精力了。此句为虚拟语气条件句，表示与过去事实相反，A项正确。4D句意为：天气既热又干燥。是，要是下点雨的话，现在情况就好多了。我的蔬菜也就不会死了。此题考查虚拟语气的用法。“现在蔬菜干死了”，因此此处表示与过去事实
65、相反，条件状语从句用过去完成时，主句用“would/could/should/mighthave过去分词”，D项正确。5D句意为：面对一个问题时，你应该首先对它进行分析，然后找出解决的方案。resemble类似，像；substitute代替；取代；concentrate集中；analyze分析。由句意可知D项正确。6A句意为：调查显示超速导致了至少30%的道路交通事故和死亡。contribute to导致，促成；result from由引起，造成；lie in在于；answer for对负责。根据句意A项正确。7C句意为：当老板进来时，工人们假装正在机器旁忙碌着。pretend to do 假
66、装干；pretend to be doing 假装正在干；pretend to have done 假装已经干了；没有pretend doing 结构。由句意可知C项正确。8A句意为：破碎玻璃就是发生入室盗窃的证据。evidence证据；sure肯定的；signal信号，暗号；announce宣布。B、C两项均不符合句式结构，C项意义不正确。故选A项。9C句意为：尽管对食物的态度(看法)有如此大的差别，无疑，西方人认为中国食品是很特别的。破解此题的关键点是toward这个词，在这四个选项中，只有attitude与toward或to连用，故选C项。10Cin the way挡路；碍事，相当于in
67、 its/ones way；by the way顺便说一下；on the way在路上，即将来临，故C项符合语境。11C句意为：因为他从事危险的工作，父母担心他的安全。be concerned about关心，挂念，符合句意。concern oneself with从事，参与；show no concern about对不关心(担心)；be concerned with参与。12C句意为：土著人占了加利福尼亚州人口的7%。make up占，符合句意。fill up填充，充满；bring up教育，抚养；set up建立，设立。13D句意为：期望班里的每个人都能参与这些讨论。share分享；ta
68、ke不与discussion搭配；contribute to对做出贡献；participate为不及物动词，常和in搭配，意为“参加”，符合句意。14A考查动词短语辨析。turn to求助于；look for寻找；deal with处理；talk about谈论。根据句意“她不知道向谁求助”可知A项正确。15B下句句意为：我不介意我们去哪，只要有阳光、大海和沙滩就行。.1C此处叙述了美国经济增长的具体表现，故失业率应是“下降”。2Cbe bursting with“充满了”，相当于be full of或be filled with。3C由常识知，煮饭应是在燃气的正上方，故应用over。abov
69、e表示“斜上方”；on指有一个接触点的“上面”；near指“附近的”。4C由后面的“.he sleeps on the street”可知，布朗是“无家可归的，露宿街头的”，故用homeless。hopeless“没希望的”；helpless“无助的”；fruitless“无果的”。5B句意为：布朗收集铝罐子并以每个5美分的价钱出售。collect“收集”；accumulate“积累，增加”；obtain“获得”；search“搜”。6Dsomething like“类似于，近似于”，是固定搭配。此处是指“近似于八九年的时间”。7C句意为：布朗承认他有酗酒和抽大烟的恶习。admit“承认”；a
70、ssume“假装；假设”；assert“坚持；声称”；assess“评估，评价”。8D由下文所述可知，布朗渴望更加稳定的住房安排。housing“住房”。9A由后文中的“if only.”可知，这里是考查虚拟语气，故应用肯定形式。afford“买得起，负担得起”。10A联系上文可知，如果低收入人的住房问题能解决的话，他就能用自己挣的钱买房子了(事实上并不是这样的)。available“可利用的，可得到的”；accessible“可进入的”；adaptable“可采用的”；approachable“可接近的”。11A由下句可知，布朗没有看到任何能够买得起住房的“希望”。12Awith是介词，表示
71、“随着”。as表示“随着”时后面接句子；while是连词，后接句子；in表示“在之内”。13B句意为：正在建造美丽的房屋来满足需求。meet demand“满足需求”。14D由下半句所列数字可知，纽约的房租上涨了，rise“上升，上涨”。15C由上下文可知，此处指经济发展所带来的“副作用”，故用side effect。16A此处指无家可归者中的大多数人，故用majority。mass指“民众”；crowd和group皆指“人群”。17C承接上文“穷人需要住房方面的帮助”可知，此句用but表示转折，说明实际为穷人提供的居住工程建设很少，故用few。18B由but及下文布朗的女儿对他在家喝酒很生气
72、，不允许他在她的家可知，他“很少”见到女儿。19A女儿对布朗酗酒很生气，不会允许他在她家。allow“允许”，后可直接接宾语。20Bsmile与主语he构成逻辑上的主谓关系，smiling“笑着说”，是v.ing作伴随状语。.语篇定位一位年轻的女士对自己的工作很不满意，可是由于种种原因，一直干到了退休。作者由这位女士的情况想到了卧在钉子上呻吟的狗，它还没有痛到离开钉子的程度。文章分析了对工作抱有消极心理的坏处和具有积极工作态度的人的表现。长难句分析I know that exhilarating feeling of being so passionate about something I
73、was working on that I couldnt wait to get back to work.该句中的passionate是形容词，意为“热诚的，狂热的”；I was working on是定语从句，修饰something; so.that.意为“如此以致于”。couldnt wait to do.意为“迫不及待地想做”。句意为：我知道那种令人兴奋的感觉，那就是我对所做的工作如此地热情，以致于迫切地想回去工作。1C细节推断题。根据第一段中的“Everyday when she came home from work，she told her husband how terrib
74、le her day had been，how tiring the work and how unreasonable her boss.”可知，她对自己的工作很不满意。2D推理判断题。根据第一段中的内容以及第二段中的“until the years became decades.There are only seven more years until I reach thirty years of service and can retire. So I cant just yet.”等信息可知，她一直没有换工作。3B细节理解题。联系全文的语境，再根据第三段对狗的情况的描述可知，文中提到的这位年轻女士和这里描述的狗的情况是一样的，由此推知B为正确答案。4A词义猜测题。根据上下文的意思可知，该词的意思是“持久的”。5D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“And when things dont change as they sometimes will.”可知，这些人工作顺利，是因为他们能随着环境的变化而作出改变。.1.ideas/opinions2.anything3.learning4.Abilities5practicing6.Steps7.causes8.specially9Conclusion/Result10.improved