1、2020-2021学年高二下学期英语开学摸底考试（新高考）本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AWelcome to MACHU PICCHU! Often considered as The Lost City of the Incas, Machu Picchu is probably the most familiar symbol of the Inca Empire (印加帝国) . It was built aroun
2、d the year 1450, but abandoned a hundred years later, at the time of the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire. Forgotten for centuries, the site was brought to worldwide attention in 1911 by Hiram Bingham, an American historian. Since then, Machu Picchu has become an important tourist attraction. It
3、was announced a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983. It is also one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. But it has recently come to light that the site may have been discovered and robbed secretly as early as in 1867 by a German businessman, Augusto Berns. About 7,000 feet above sea level and loca
4、ted on a small hilltop between the Andean mountain range, the majestic city rises above the Urabamba Valley below. Separated into three areasfarming areas, urban areas, and religious areasthe structures are arranged so that the function of the buildings matches the forms of their surroundings. The a
5、gricultural terracing and ditches (梯田和沟渠) take advantage of the natural slopes; the lower areas contain buildings occupied by farmers and teachers, and the most important religious areas are located at the crest of the hill, overlooking the fresh green Urabamba Valley thousands of feet below. Hikers
6、, tourists, and the early explorers describe similar emotions as they climb their way through the Inca Trail. Many call the experience magical and say the area creates a wonderful green paradise, making it a must for anyone who travels to Peru.1.What can we learn about Augusto Berns from the passage
7、?A.He reported his finding to the government in time.B.He was the first one who discovered the ruins of Machu Picchu.C.He helped make Machu Picchu a UNESCO World Heritage site.D.He worked together with Bingham on the research into Machu Picchu.2.When did Machu Picchu become an important tourist attr
8、action?A.After Hiram Bingham found the ruins.B.After Spanish conquered the Inca Empire.C.After it was named a UNESCO World Heritage site.D.After Augusto Berns work became known to the public.3.Which word can replace the underlined word crest in the second paragraph?A.Bottom.B. Centre.C.Valley.D.Top.
9、B Born in London in 1825, Thomas Henry Huxley was one of the greatest men of the nineteenth century. In 1846, Thomas Henry Huxley was appointed an assistant doctor aboard HMS Rattlesnake. The ship had been asked to survey areas of the Great Barrier Reef and the neighboring seas. This gave Thomas Hen
10、ry Huxley an opportunity to study animal life and was the start of his biological career. The voyage lasted four years, during which time he gathered much information on plankton(浮游生物). On his return from the voyage, Thomas Henry Huxley was made a member of the Royal Society in recognition of his sc
11、ientific work. Although he continued to publish papers about plankton, his interest was turning towards vertebrate (有脊椎的) animals. For some time Thomas Henry Huxley and his workmates had been discussing the possibility that animal species had evolved (进化), one from another. No satisfactory theories
12、had been put forward, but in 1859 Darwins The Origin of Species appeared. Thomas Henry Huxley at once realized its importance and how the theory of natural selection provided the working hypothesis (假说)we sought. For the rest of his life Thomas Henry Huxley struggled to ensure the full recognition o
13、f Darwins work. In 1863, Thomas Henry Huxley published Mans Place in Nature in which he compared man and great apes(猿). He clearly showed similarities. Despite his many achievements, he was given no award by the British state until late in his life. From about 1870, Thomas Henry Huxley was too invol
14、ved in other things to continue actual research. He had always been interested in education. He pioneered the teaching of biology and his method of selecting type animals is still followed today. He spent the last ten years of his life writing essays mainly on biology.4.Why did Huxley go on the voya
15、ge?A.To explore the deep sea.B.To do research on sea animals.C.To work as a doctor on the ship.D.To gather information for his paper.5.How did Huxley react to the theory of natural selection?A.He had doubt about it.B.He thought highly of it.C.He couldnt understand it.D.He thought he developed it fir
16、st.6.What do we know about Huxleys book Mans Place in Nature?A.It discusses the importance of human beings.B.It focuses on Darwins theory of natural selection.C.It talks about the differences between man and apes.D.It provides evidence about the evolution of man from apes.7.What can we learn about H
17、uxley from the last paragraph?A.He contributed a lot to biology teaching.B.He continued his research till his death.C.He became a good novelist late in his life.D.He never got awards for his achievements.C The next time you make yourself a hot cup of tea or coffee, you might want to let it cool down
18、 a bit before drinking. Researchers say letting your hot drinks cool off could help you avoid some kinds of cancer. In fact, the United Nations cancer research agency decides to list hot drinks with lead, gasoline and exhaust fumes as possibly carcinogenic (致癌的). In other words, each one could cause
19、 cancer. Researchers at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) found evidence that drinks at temperatures above 65 degrees Celsius, when swallowed, can cause cancer of the esophagus (食道). The researchers examined findings from other studies where tea and coffee were often served at 7
20、0 degrees Celsius or above. Those studies were completed in China and South America. In developed countries, health experts have linked esophageal cancer to smoking and alcoholic drinks. However, this form of cancer is more common in areas where people have drinks at very high temperatures. In Europ
21、e and the United States, many people drink coffee and tea at temperatures around 60 degrees Celsius. And they often add milk which lowers the temperature considerably. However, tea-drinkers in South America often enjoy their beverages at closer to 70 degrees Celsius. In 1991, the World Health Organi
22、zation (WHO) listed coffee as possibly carcinogenic. WHO officials have since changed their position on that listing. They now suggest that the temperature of your hot drink is a greater risk factor than the actual drink itself. Christopher Wild is the director of the IARC. He said that the results
23、suggest that drinking very hot beverages is one probable cause of esophageal cancer and that it is the temperature, rather than the drinks themselves, that appears to be responsible.8.Who most probably suffers from cancer of the esophagus?A.A girl who likes cold milk.B.A man who drinks very hot tea.
24、C.A woman who likes coffee.D.A man who works at IARC.9.Why did the WHO remove coffee from possibly carcinogenic list?A.People dont like coffee any longer.B.People drink coffee at 60 degrees Celsius.C.Coffee has nothing to do with cancer.D.Temperature is more dangerous than coffee itself.10.How does
25、the author mainly support the theme of the text?A.By studying examples.B.By starting arguments.C.By providing research results.D.By explaining statistical data.11.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Hot Drinks Linked to CancerB.Reduce Having Hot DrinksC.Danger of Drinking Hot DrinksD.Healthy
26、 DrinksD A facial recognition app, recently developed by scientists, will make it easier to identify pandas. Wan Yongqing, a Beijing photographer, visits Sichuan Province to take photos of pandas every other year. He has watched them for more than a decade. My friends say Im a big panda fan. It is a
27、 shame that I find all pandas look the same, with black eyes and white fur. It does not matter as all the pandas are cute to me, he said. Yet, identifying one panda from another does matter to researchers, according to Zhang Zhihe, chief of the Chengdu panda research base. Identifying individual pan
28、das is important for conservation management and research. For captive (被圈养的) pandas, it is important for their daily feeding schedules, family background and data management. For wild pandas, it helps researchers study their population structure and provides scientific support for their protection
29、and management, he said. China has carried out four scientific surveys on wild pandas, and now has a big databank about them. The number of wild pandas in China is mostly known. However, it is still difficult to determine the age, sex, health and other specific information about the population. Its
30、difficult to track and watch the structure because wild pandas tend to live alone, deep in the mountains, and their living environment is vast, Zhang added. In 2017, the Chengdu base began researching individual panda identification technology by analyzing images. Over the past two years, they have
31、built a databank of more than 120,000 images, over 1,000 video clips, and completed organizing nearly 10,000 images. Using the databank, researchers have started a facial recognition app that can accurately recognize captive pandas by analyzing and comparing the unique features of panda faces.Panda
32、researchers hope the data and AI technology will help them analyze data for both captive and wild pandas.12. How does Wan Yongqing feel about the pandas?A.They are boring to him.B.They seem attractive to him.C.They are easy to recognize.D.They look different to him.13. Why is it important to identif
33、y individual captive pandas?A.It is helpful for further research and data management.B.It is useful for studying their population structure.C.It provides proof that they need protection in the wild.D.It helps researchers build up their living environment.14. What makes it difficult to track and watc
34、h wild pandas?A.They only live in a small area.B.They dont leave enough tracks.C.They are difficult to see in the forest.D.They live alone deep in the mountains.15. What is necessary for the facial recognition app to work well?A.The databank of pandas.B.The structure of pandas.C.The invention of AI
35、technology.D.The unique features of panda faces.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The American company Amazon has launched a store that does not require you to stand in a checkout line or someone to process your payment._16_ People with the app can enter the store, c
36、hoose the products they want and then leave the store with them. The company opened its first Amazon Go store this week in the state of Washington, after more than a year of testing. You first need to download the Amazon Go app._17_ Once inside, hundreds of cameras and electronic sensors follow peop
37、les movements and record all the products chosen. The products are then placed in the apps virtual shopping cart. In other words, the app remembers everything chosen by the customer. If you decide against buying one or more products before leaving the store,_18_ The system is powered by artificial i
38、ntelligence or AI technology.At the end of the visit, the customer just walks out of the store with all the desired products. Payment is made automatically through the app, which is linked to the buyers credit card. The first Amazon Go is a small food market, selling mainly ready-to-eat products and
39、 drinks. _19_Even though there is no need for cashiers to take payments, _20_ Some prepare food, while others refill product supplies and assist customers. Amazon has yet to announce plans for additional Go stores. Last year, the online marketer bought U.S. -based Whole Foods Market, giving the comp
40、any 470 stores. But Amazon said it has no immediate plans to add the same technology to the larger and more complex Whole Foods markets.A.Amazon Go does employ workers.B.You simply need an app on a smartphone.C.It sits on the first floor of Amazons headquarters in Seattle.D.Amazon has yet to announc
41、e plans for additional Go stores.E.It is a computer program that helps you gain entry to the store.F.the software automatically removes those items from its memory.G.other companies are also working to create artificial intelligence-powered stores.第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从
42、短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 There were times when I wanted to be a fashion designer, a model, or a rock star but I gave up all of them halfway. The one thing I stuck with was drawing. Thats why this 100 Days of Self Love project was both a joy and a 21 . The rule I22 for myself was simple
43、: one self-portrait (自画像) a day for 100 days. 23 my own advice, I wanted to achieve something outside of my job. In our 24 of selfie (自拍) addiction, we take pictures of our faces all the time without a second 25 . I wanted to 26 the meaning of self and see what I could learn. I quickly 27 that I nev
44、er looked at my face so 28 . By about Day 20, I had got a good 29 of what I look likeI could draw myself pretty well. My face was familiar to me instead of just being the 30 in the mirror. I also got tired of looking at myself and I wanted to draw something else other than my face. The last 40 days
45、were very hard. All I could do was tell myself never to give up. Finally I 31 to myself that I could do it. Drawing my face every day for 100 days was difficult, but I made it! Im proud that I finished this 32 . It was a good 33 that if I set my mind on somethingand if Im 34 crazy about itI can do i
46、t. And if I can do this, what else cantI 35 ?21.A. chanceB. challengeC. giftD. sorrow22.A. jokedB. dreamtC. setD. decided23.A. FollowingB. SeekingC. MakingD. Considering24.A. traditionB. cultureC. religionD. group25.A. pauseB. decisionC. attentionD. thought26.A .come outB. give outC. figure outD. pi
47、ck out27.A. realizedB. understoodC. convincedD. expected28.A. confidentlyB. carefullyC. gratefullyD. curiously29.A. knowledgeB. tasteC. feelingD. sense30.A. pictureB. imageC. sightD. shadow31.A. provedB. explainedC. confirmedD. showed32.A. projectB. taskC. workD. game33.A. reminderB. practiceC. test
48、D. effort34.A. probablyB. actuallyC. naturallyD. finally35.A. preferB. adoptC. takeD. achieve第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。It was announced that China had achieved success in drilling combustible ice (可燃冰), a frozen_36_ (mix) of water and natural gas, from the South Chi
49、na Sea._37_(official) known as methane hydrates (甲烷水合物), combustible ice produces a high amount of energy when burnt and its chemical reaction produces nothing but dioxide and water. Combustible ice,both clean and energy-intensive,_38_(consider) the fuel of the future. Many countries, including the
50、United States and Japan,_39_(conduct) research on combustible ice, but extracting (提取) it from the bottom of the sea has been a common problem_40_ (trouble) all of them. But the Chinese team succeeded in drilling combustible ice for nearly eight days,_41_ was a big breakthrough. However, it is too e
51、arly_42_(say) a new energy source has been found. The worlds total combustible ice reserves range from 280 trillion cubic meters to 2,800 trillion cubic meters, which, if extracted, could meet the worlds gas demands_43_ 80 to 800 years at current rates. But the successful test drilling of combustibl
52、e ice does not mean it can be extracted for_44_ (industry) use. China has to solve many problems before it can use combustible ice as a source of energy. Its thought that only by 2025 at_45_ earliest might people be able to see realistic commercial values.第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节 （满分15分）假如你是李华，你校学生会计划在
53、报告厅一楼组织一次中文书法展览，请根据下列提示给你校学生写一篇英文书面通知，鼓励他们踊跃提交作品。 内容要点： 1.举办的目的、时间及地点； 2.参赛作品的要求； 3.参赛的奖励。注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：书法展览calligraphy exhibition 参赛作品entry_第二节 （满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 Jenny was a bright-eyed, pretty five-year-old girl. One day when she and
54、her mother were checking out at the grocery store, Jenny saw a plastic pearl necklace which was priced at $2.50. How she wanted that necklace, and when she asked her mother if she would buy it for her, her mother said, Well, it is a pretty necklace, but it costs an awful lot of money. Ill tell you w
55、hat. Ill buy you the necklace, and when we get home we can make up a list of chores that you can do to pay for the necklace. And dont forget that for your birthday grandma just might give you a whole dollar bill, too. Okay? Jenny agreed happily, and her mother bought the pearl necklace for her. Jenn
56、y worked on her chores very hard every day, and sure enough, her grandma gave her a brand-new dollar bill for her birthday. Soon Jenny had paid off the pearls. How Jenny loved those pearls! She wore them everywhere to kindergarten, bed and even when she went out with her mother to run errands. The o
57、nly time she didnt wear them was in the shower, because her mother had told her that they would turn her neck green! Jenny had a very loving Daddy. When Jenny went to bed, he would get up from his favorite chair every night and read Jenny her favorite story. One night when he finished the story, he
58、asked Jenny, Hey, sweetie, do you love me? Oh yes, Daddy, you know I love you, the little girl said with a warm smile. Well, then, give me your pearls. Oh! Daddy, not my pearls! Jenny refused. But you can have Rosy, my favorite doll. Remember her? You gave her to me last year for my birthday. And yo
59、u can have her tea party outfit (全套服装), too. Okay? Oh no, darling, thats okay. Her father brushed her cheek with a kiss. Good night, little one.Paragraph 1: A week later, Jennys father once again asked Jenny the same question after her story,_ _Paragraph 2: Another week later, when her father came i
60、n to read her a story as usual,_ _答案以及解析第一部分 阅读理解第一节A答案：1-3BAD解析：1.细节理解题。由第一段段末的 But it has recently come to light that the site may have been discovered and robbed secretly as early as in 1867 by a German businessman, Augusto Berns. 可以得出答案。2.细节理解题。由第一段中的 the site was brought to worldwide attention
61、in 1911 by Hiram Bingham, an American historian. Since then, Machu Picchu has become an important tourist attraction. 可以得出答案。3.词义猜测题。由后文的overlooking可以看出，宗教区位于山顶。故选D。B答案：4-7 CBDA解析：4.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 In 1846,Thomas Henry Huxley was appointed an assistant doctor aboard HMS Rattlesnake.可知Huxley航海是因为他在船上当
62、医生。5.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Thomas Henry Huxley at once realized its importance and how the theory of natural selection provided the working hypothesis(假说) we sought.可知，Huxley对自然选择理论评价很高。6.细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句In 1863,Thomas Henry Huxley published Mans Place in Nature in which he compared man and great apes(猿).H
63、e clearly showed similarities.可知，Thomas Henry Huxley的书人类在自然界的位置为人类从类人猿进化而来提供了证据，故选D。7.推理判断题。根据最后一段可知他一直对教育感兴趣，他是生物学教学的先锋，他选择类群动物的方法一直沿用至今，他生命的最后十年主要是写有关生物学的论文。由此推断出，Huxley对生物教学做出了很大贡献，故选A。 C答案：8-11.BDCA解析：8.细节理解题。根据第三段Researchers at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) found eviden
64、ce that drinks at temperatures above 65 degrees Celsius, when swallowed, can cause cancer of the esophagus.可知，喝温度在65以上的饮料会引发食道癌，故选B项。9.细节理解题。根据第七段中的WHO officials have since changed their position on that listing. They now suggest that the temperature of your hot drink is a greater risk factor than t
65、he actual drink itself.可知，世界卫生组织将咖啡从“可能致癌”清单上去掉，是因为相比于饮料本身，热饮的温度对健康的影响更大。10.推理判断题。作者是通过叙述研究结果以及研究者的观点来支撑本文的主题，即过热的饮料会引发食道癌，故选C项。11.标题判断题。根据第一段第二句Researchers say letting your hot drinks cool off could help you avoid some kinds of cancer.和最后一段中的“it is the temperature, rather than the drinks themselves
66、, that appears to be responsible并结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，即过热的饮料会引发食道癌，故选A项。 D答案：12-15 BADA解析：12.细节理解题。根据第二段中It does not matter as all the pandas are cute to me（这并不重要，因为所有的熊猫对我来说都很可爱）可知，熊猫对Wan Yongqing来说很有吸引力。13.细节理解题。根据第四段中For captive pandas, it is important for their daily feeding schedules, famil
67、y background and data management.（对于被圈养的熊猫来说，这对它们的日常喂养计划、家庭背景和数据管理都很重要）可知，识别圈养大熊猫个体很重要是因为这有助于进一步的研究和数据管理。14.细节理解题。根据第六段中的because wild pandas tend to live alone, deep in the mountains, and their living environment is vast（因为野生大熊猫往往是独居的，生活在山区，而且它们的生存环境非常广阔）可知，野生大熊猫往往是独居的，生活在深山，因此难以追踪。15.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段U
68、sing the databank, researchers have started a facial recognition app that can accurately recognize captive pandas by analyzing and comparing the unique features of panda faces.可知，熊猫数据库是熊猫识别应用程序正常运行的必要条件。第二节答案：16-20 BEFCA解析：16. 根据下文的“ People with the app.”可知，B项中的“an app on a smartphone”为同词复现。 17. 上文提
69、到了“ the Amazon Go app”这款应用，E项是对这款应用的介绍。18. 上文提到“如果你在离开商店前决定放弃购买一件或多件商品”，F项“软件会自动从内存中删除这些商品”可承接上文。19. 上文是对这家无人超市所出售商品的介绍，C项是有关这家无人超市的具体位置，前后两句衔接自然。20. 根据下文的“一些人准备食物，而另一些人则补充产品供应和帮助顾客”可知，亚马逊也雇用员工。第二部分 语言知识运用第一节答案：21-25 BCABD 26-30 CABDB 31-35 AAABD解析：21.根据下文中的one self-portrait（自画像）a day for 100 days并结
70、合全文可知作者要坚持画自画像100天，这对于作者来说很难，是个挑战（challenge）。22.由语境可知此处表示作者给自己设定规则，set意为设置，设定。23.根据语境可知是听从（follow）自己内心的声音，想在工作之外做一些事情。24.根据语境及常识可知，我们现在是在一个沉迷于自拍的文化氛围中，故选culture。25.在这么一个自拍成风的文化氛围中，人们不假思索地自拍。without a second thought意为不假思索。26.作者想弄清楚（figure out）自我的含义，并看看自己可以学到什么。27.作者很快意识到（realize）自己从来没有如此仔细地看过自己的脸。28.
71、根据上一题的解析可知此处表示作者很快意识到自己从来没有如此仔细地（carefully）看过自己的脸。29.到了大约第二十天的时候，作者能够很好地理解自己的长相了。a good sense of意为对的很好的理解力/判断力。knowledge知悉，了解；taste品位，鉴赏力；feeling感觉。30.根据上下文可知作者对自己的脸的认识不仅仅停留在镜子里的镜像（image）上了。picture图片，照片；sight景象，视野；shadow影子。31.根据语境可知，最后作者证明（prove）给自己看，自己可以做到。32.根据上文可知坚持画自己100天很困难，但是作者做到了。作者很骄傲完成了这个项目
72、（project）。根据第一段中的Thats why this 100 Days of Self Love project可知选A。33.根据作者从中的领悟可知，这对于作者来说是个提醒（reminder）。34.作者明白了如果自己的确（actually）对一件事痴迷并下定决心做的话，最后是可以成功的，故答案为B。35.根据语境可知，此处表示如果自己能做到画100天自画像，那么还有什么完成不了的呢? achieve表示完成，符合语境。第二节答案：36. mixture 37. Officially 38. is considered 39. have been conducting 40. tr
73、oubling 41. which 42. to say 43. for 44. industrial 45. the解析：36. 考查词形转换。由空前的形容词frozen可知，空处应该用名词，由语境可知此处表示混合物，应填mixture。37. 考查副词。此处修饰动词要用副词。38. 考查被动语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，可燃冰被认为是未来的一种燃料，所以用被动语态;再根据Combustible ice是不可数名词可知，空处应填is considered。39. 考查时态。根据语境可知，很多国家一直在研究可燃冰。此处表示从过去开始一直延续到现在并且未来还会持续下去的动作，应用现在完成进行时。
74、40. 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，problem与trouble之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用troubling all of them作后置定语。41. 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代前面整个句子，所以用which。42. 考查固定结构。too.to.意为太而不能，故填to say。43. 考查介词。此处表示以目前的速度可燃冰的储量可供全世界的人们使用80到800年，所以用for。44. 考查形容词。此处修饰名词use，要用形容词industrial。45. 考查冠词。人们最早要到2025年才能看到现实的商业价值。at the earliest表示最早。
75、第三部分 写作第一节 书面表达NOTICE In order to enrich our after-school activities and raise our awareness of handwriting, the Student Union is to organize a calligraphy exhibition on the first floor of the lecture hall on March 30. It is suggested that the calligraphy works should be a poem or a motto written on
76、 Xuan paper. They must be written by yourself, which can show your interest as well as talent. All entries are accepted until March 25. Whoever stands out will be rewarded with a prize. Besides, the winners works will be shown on the school website. All are welcome!Student Union第二节 短文续写Paragraph 1:
77、A week later, Jennys father once again asked Jenny the same question after her story, Do you love me? Jenny gave a definite answer to this question without hesitation. But when the conversation came to whether she could give her pearls to her father, she refused a second time.Paragraph 2: Another we
78、ek later; when her father came in to read her a story as usual, Jenny was sitting on her bed and her lip was trembling. Here, Daddy, she said, and held out her hand. Inside of her hand was her beloved plastic pearl necklace. She let it slip into her fathers hand. At this time, her father pulled out
79、of his pocket a blue velvet box, and some real, genuine, beautiful pearls were just inside. He had had them all along. He was waiting for Jenny to give up the cheap stuff so he could give her the real thing. Sometimes, life is just like this: Give up one thing and get another chance to receive a better thing.