1、江苏常州市2016高考英语阅读理解二轮训练（5）及答案【含讲解】高考英语阅读理解考前精讲精练 （答案）阅读理解中主旨大意题的解题技巧一、设题方式 The passage is mainly about .Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? Which of the following is the best title for the passage?What would be the best title for the passage? Whats the main t
2、heme of the passage?Whats mainly discussed in the passage? 二、干扰项特点1. 断章取义。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。2. 以偏概全。干扰项常常以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要内容。3. 主题扩大。干扰项归纳、概括的范围过大。4. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B上。三、解题指导解题时需要快速了解作者的写作方法，理清文章结构，找到主题句或主旨句。作者表现文章主旨的方式一般有下面几种：1. 正三角形写作法 主题出现在首句或者首段。开门见山提出主题，这是英语中最常见的写作方式。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻
3、导语”、“导语”，实际上就是提出主题。大部分说明文也是如此。例1：2013年福建卷阅读理解E篇A MENTORING (导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth. Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.Alex Goldberg, the programs founder, said
4、: “We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.”75.What would be the best title for the passage?A. Alex Goldberg, Founder of Young InspirationsB. Young People Find a World of OpportunityC. Kieran, B
5、anbury School Pupil to ParisD. Debates Help Youth with Their Grades解析：B。本文的第一句A MENTORING (导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth便是全文的主题句，它点明了本文主要涉及的内容。由此可知，导师制为年轻人提供了改变生活的机会。例2：2013年重庆卷阅读理解C篇Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly whe
6、n the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know, however, that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.67. What is the passage mainly about?A. The beginning of road design.B. The development of transport wheels.C. The history of public transport.D. The invention of fast-
7、moving vehicles.解析：B。本文开门见山地提到wheel，点明了文章的主题。再综合后文的内容可知，全文讲述了车轮的发展历程以及道路设计对车轮发展的影响。2. 倒三角形写作法主题句出现在文尾，即先表述事实细节或论据，然后在结尾点出主题或结论。例：2013年广东卷阅读理解B篇Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to l
8、uck. Im not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances dont come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and thats just the reality of how life is.However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradua
9、lly make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practising. To become great at certain things, itll require even more time, time that most people wont put in.Whatever you do, if you want to become g
10、reat at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time. If youre not willing to put in the time and work, dont expect to receive any rewards. Consistent, hard work wont guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee t
11、hat you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.35. What is the main theme of the passage?A. Having a goal is vital to success.B. Being good is different from being great.C. One cannot succeed without time and practice.D. Luck, talent and family help to achieve success.解
12、析：C。由第二段开头的However可知，本文的主题论点不在第一段，而在后文。最后一段对全文进行了总结，根据该段第一句if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time可知，本文的主题思想是“人们不付出时间和练习是不可能取得成功的”。3. 菱形写作法比较常见的是问题答案型写作法，作者在一开始或某一段末以问句形式提出一个问题，然后给出该问题的答案(Type 1)。另外还有一种常
13、见的写作方法，此类写作法常出现在现象解释型文章中，作者开始叙述某一现象，然后对该现象进行解释(Type 2)。常用于Type 1的表达：why, result in, bring about, lead to, give rise to, trigger, cause, affect, have an effect on, sothat, so that等。常用于Type 2的表达：result from, because, since, now that, lie in, because of, owing to, thanks to, the reason for doing sth.等。
14、例1：2013年天津卷阅读理解C篇Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (绕行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that tr
15、ip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey and the best part of yourself. 50. What could be the best title for the passage?A. Charm of the DetourB. The Road to BraveryC. Cr
16、eativity out of NecessityD. Road Trip and Country Life解析：A。本文一开头就引入话题“绕行”。作者这些年来为了贪图便捷快速一直走高速路，而这次因为照顾年幼的孩子而不得不选择乡间公路，这次经历让她和孩子们欣赏了大自然的美景，发现了绕行路的魅力。detour在本文中是一个出现频率极高的词汇。本文在第一段通过诗人的话就引出detour，文中又多次被提及，作者在文章的最后一句点明了主题，即绕行路充满了魅力。例2：2013年广东卷阅读理解D篇While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for he
17、r business law class, a monitor (监控器) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to onli
18、ne education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid that students havent just searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern ov
19、er cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online courses.” Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty
20、at a distance.45. Which of the following is the best title of this passage?A. The Advantages of Online ExamsB. The High-tech Methods in Online CoursesC. The Fight against Cheating in Online EducationD. The War against the Booming of Online Education解析：C。本文先通过一个具体的事例引出要讨论的话题，文中的In the battle against
21、cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education和the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online courses.”等句点明了本文的主旨内容。【跟踪训练】Doctors are known to be terrible pilots. They dont listen because they
22、already know it all. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didnt realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned about crew resource management (
23、机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our
24、 landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot and my boss so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and sa
25、id, “We need to put the landing gear down now!” That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and Ive used it in the operating room ever since.CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesnt overre
26、act, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when Im in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes theyre not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from “landing gear up”. Which of the fo
27、llowing can be the best title for the text?A. CRM: A New Way to Make Flying SafeB. Flying Makes Me a Better DoctorC. The Making of a Good PilotD. A Pilot-Turned DoctorListening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as bracketi
28、ng. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of th
29、e other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way. The energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual gro
30、wth. What is mainly discussed in the passage?A. How to listen well.B. What to listen to.C. Benefits of listening.D. Problems in listening. 参考答案及解析：B。本文作者采用了倒叙。第一段叙述故事的结果，从而引出下文的故事。而第一段中的becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon是文章的中心句。A。本段第一句Listening well also requires total concentration upon som
31、eone else为关键句，阐明了文章的中心思想，即：真正的聆听要求专注于说话者。阅读理解Big Brothers Big Sisters is based on the simplicity and power of friendship. It is a program which provides friendship and fun by matchingvulnerable young people(ages 7- 17) with a volunteer adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend. Volu
32、nteer tutors come from all walks of lifemarried, single, with or without children. Big Brothers and Big Sisters are not replacement parents or social workers. They are tutors: someone to trust, to have fun with, to talk and go to when needed. A Big Sister and Little Sister will generally spend betwe
33、en one and four hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months. They enjoy simple activities such as a picnic at a park, cooking, playing sport or going to a football match. These activities improve the friendship and help the young person develop positive self- respect, co
34、nfidence and life direction. Big Brothers Big Sisters organizations exist throughout the world. It is the largest and most well- known provider of tutor services internationally and has been operating for 25 years. Emily and Sarah have been matched since March 2008. Emily is a 10- year- old girl who
35、 has experienced some difficulties being accepted by her schoolmates at school. I was pretty sure there was something wrong with me. Emilys mum came across Big Brothers Big Sisters and thought it would be of benefit to Emily byproviding different feedback(反馈) about herself other than just relying on
36、 schoolmates to measure her self- worth. Sarah wanted to get involved in a volunteer program. I googled it and found out how to be a part of it. I thought it would be fun for me to get involved in making time to do something because sometimes its all work and no play. Big Brothers Big Sisters has be
37、en of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah. They love and look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more comfortable in being the wonderful, happy and unique girl she is!1. What is the aim of Big Brothers Big Sisters? A. To offer students pu
38、blic services. B. To help students improve their grades. C. To organize sport activities for young people. D. To provide partnership and fun for young people. 2. A volunteer is usually expected to work within a year for at least.A. 24 hours B. 36 hoursC. 48 hoursD. 72 hours3. According to Emilys mot
39、her, this program may provide Emily with.A. advice from her teachersB. a new way to assess herselfC. a new way to judge her schoolmatesD. more comments from her schoolmates4. Why did Sarah want to get involved in the program? A. She used to be a volunteer. B. She needed a part- time job. C. She felt
40、 a bit bored with her life. D. She wanted to get a challenging job. 5. According to the passage, vulnerable young people are probably those who are.A. popular at schoolB. rather weak physicallyC. easily hurt emotionally D. confident in themselves【参考答案】38.DBBCC 阅读理解You are given many opportunities in
41、 life to choose to be a victim or a creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all y
42、our problems, thus internalizing (内化) your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others. Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives,
43、but they dont let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they dont blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can b
44、ring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺) in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause othersand even themselvest
45、o feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives. In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various
46、 points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move
47、 on to be a powerful creative force in his life. In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have a fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are. 1. What does the word “they” in Paragra
48、ph 1 probably refer to? A. People and things around you. B. Opportunities and problems. C. Creators and their choices. D. Victims and their sufferings. 2. According to Paragraph 2, creators.A. seem willing to experience failures in lifeB. possess the ability to predict future lifeC. handle ups and d
49、owns of life wiselyD. have potential to create something new3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Creators and victims face quite different things in life. B. Creators and victims are masters of their lives. C. Victims can influence more people than creators. D. Compared with victims, creators a
50、re more emotional. 4. The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that _ .A. strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victimsB. people need family support to deal with challenges in lifeC. it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their painsD. ones experiences determine his attitude toward life5. What is the authors purpose in writing this passage? A. To define victims and creators. B. To evaluate victims against creators. C. To explain the relationship between victims and creators. D. To suggest the transformation from victims to creators. 【参考答案】39.ACBAD